Vol 6 Issue 3 July 2018-September 2018

Abstract: In current scenario ‘Oilgae’ have been used as a promising source for production of biofuel. Chlorella is one of widely used microalgae for energy production and human consumption. The present study investigated the effect on biomass and lipid accumulation in Chlorella pyrenoidosa by cultivating in Fogg’s media using ammonium chloride and urea as nitrogen source. The result revealed that as concentration of N-source in media has been increased the biomass content increased but lipid content decreased and vice versa. Furthermore, at same concentration of ammonium chloride and urea, the lipid and biomass content was recorded higher in urea in comparison to ammonium chloride. The optimum concentration of urea which gave maximum biomass of 5.467 ±0.034mg/ml was 0.5g/L and maximum lipid content of 30.2 ±0.20% dry weight was recorded at 0.1g/L. At high concentration of ammonium chloride growth rate decreased due to ammonium toxicity in algal culture. The optimization of urea concentration could be proved a new cultivation strategy to enhance biofuel potential of Chlorella pyrenoidosa.

Keywords: Biofuel, Chlorella pyrenoidosa, Microalgae, Urea, Biomass, Lipids.

Title: Optimization of Concentration of Two Different Nitrogen Sources to Enhance Biofuel Potential of Chlorella Pyrenoidosa

Author: Ramandeep Kaur, Anupama Mahajan, Anjana Bhatia

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Polychaetes are the most abundant taxon in benthic communities and have been most often utilized as indicator species of environmental perturbations. Taking into account the confluence point of fishing harbor and Uppanar back waters, in the present study four stations were fixed in the Cuddalore coastal waters. Biological entities (polychaetes) and environmental variables such as temperature, salinity, DO, pH and total organic carbon in sediment and soil texture were studied from February 2009 to January 2010. Polychaetes abundance and biomass showed minimum in station I during monsoon and maximum in station III during premonsoon. As found in density, diversity and richness values were more in stations III and IV and less in stations I and II. Seasonally, the minimum diversity value was recorded during monsoon and maximum during summer. K-dominance plot and ABC curves also revealed the trend of diversity indices. Similarly the bubble plot showed unequivocally the abundance pattern in stations I and II. Cluster, MDS plots showed that stations I, II and stations III, IV formed groups themselves indicating variation in species composition.

Keywords: Polychaete, Indicator species, Diversity, k-dominance, ABC curve, Cluster. 

Title: Benthic Polychaetes: A Veritable Indicator of Ecosystem Health

Author: Muthuvelu Samikkannu, Bharathidasan Veeraiyan, Sivaraj Sigamani, Murugesan Perumal

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Biosafety of insecticide, emamectin benzoate 1.9 EC against spider predator in okra in vilacherri, Madurai of Tamil Nadu during 2015 and 2016. The new formulation of Emamectin benzoate 1.9 EC at different doses (5.00, 6.75, 8.50 and 11.00 g.ai ha-1) against the standard check, Pyridalyl 10 EC (50 g a. i. ha 1) and Lamda cyhalothrin 5 CS (15 g a.i. ha 1) for their safety to spider predators in okra eco-system were studied. The spider population were recorded prior to spraying and at 3,  7, 10 and 14 days of each spraying from ten randomly selected plants in each all the treatments. Emamectin benzoate 1.9 EC was found to be safer to spiders at all concentrations tested and the highest population was recorded in plots treated with emamectin benzoate 1.9 EC at 5.00 g a.i. ha 1 followed by emamectin benzoate 1.9 EC at 6.75,8.50 and 11.00 g a.i. ha 1 respectively.

Keywords: Spider, Emamectin benzoate 1.9 EC, Okra, Safety.

Title: Emamectin benzoate 1.9 EC: A safer insecticide to spider predators in okra ecosystem

Author: Karthikeyan. R, R. Ayysamy

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Environmental turbulence in the 21st century has brought about intense dynamism in business worldwide that makes it critical for organizations to provide for adjustment for any consequence. Strategic change may involve fulfilling the changing wants of the marketplace, reducing risk, being more environmentally sensitive, improving the quality, raising consumer satisfaction, and staff retention. This study aim was to assess effects of organizational vision on performance by Public institutions Kenya, establish the effects of employee empowerment on organization performance by Public institutions in Kenya, to determine the effect of strategy execution on organization performance by Public institutions of Kenya and establish the effect of Employment reward on organizational performance of Public institutions in Kenya. Data has been collected using questionnaires administered to Principal Secretaries, Managers in departments of Physical Planning, Survey and of Land managers. The target population for the study was 100 Managers who were chosen. Due to few numbers of Managers the study carried census inquiry. Secondary data was collected from relevant documents and reports from Ministry of Land, Housing and Urban Development. Quantitative and qualitative data was analyzed using inferential statistics, mean, standard deviation and content analysis respectively using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS Version 24.0). Multiple regression analysis was used to establish relations between the independent and dependent variables. Presentation of the data was done through tables, percentages and graphs. The study found that organizational vision, employee empowerment, strategy execution and employment reward strategies affect the organizational performance by public institutions of Kenya positively. The study concluded that organizational vision strategy had the greatest effect on performance of public institutions of Kenya followed by execution strategy then employee empowerment strategy while employment reward strategy had the least effect on the performance of public institutions of Kenya. This study recommends that public organizations should devise measures on how employment rewards increased work effort by employees. The study recommends organizations to offer employees opportunities and responsibilities. It also recommends that the employees in the organization should be encouraged to belief in their work and that government owned entities should invest more in long-term incentives such as paid leave, and paid vacations as a way of motivating employees to good performance.

Keywords: Change Management Strategies, Employee Empowerment, Employment reward, Organizational Performance, Organizational Vision, Strategy Execution.    

Title: THE EFFECT OF CHANGE IN MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES ON ORGANIZATION PERFORMANCE FOR PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS IN KENYA: A CASE STUDY FOR DIRECTORATE OF HOUSING

Author: Jane Chepkoske juma, Dr. Mwanzia Mary

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide and mortality due to cardio vascular disease is higher in low and middle income countries, like India. There has been an alarming increase in the prevalence of hyperlipidemia over the past two decades. Nearly, 24 % of deaths among adults aged 25-70 years are due to hyperlipidaemia. It is one of the medical conditions characterized by an increase in one or more of the Plasma lipids, including triglycerides, cholesterol, cholesterol esters, phospholipids and or plasma lipoproteins. This elevation of plasma lipids is among the leading risk factors associated with cardiovascular diseases. The causes of increase cardio vascular disease rates include life style change, unhealthy eating habits, obesity and physical inactivity. The emergencies, risk factors and remedies are described in the literature.

Keywords: Hyperlipidemia, Preventive measures and Dietary modifications.

Title: A REVIEW ON HYPERLIPIDEMIA AND ITS PREVENTIVE MEASURES IN INDIAN ADULT POPULATION

Author: Dr. S.Parameshwari, Jobil J Arackal

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Curculigo orchioides is a highly medicinal plant. The present study provides detailed microscopic studies of the plant. The rhizome, root and leaves were cut and fixed in FAA. After 24 hrs. of fixing, the specimens were dehydrated with a graded series of tertiary Butyl alcohol as per the schedule.  Infiltration of the specimens was carried by gradual addition of paraffin wax until TBA solution attained super saturation. The paraffin-embedded specimens were sectioned with the help of Rotary Microtome.  The thickness of the section was 10-12 µm. The section was stained with Toluidine blue. For normal observations bright field was used. Crystals, starch grains and lignified cells, the polarized light was employed. The leaf exhibits circinate vernation of the lamina where the leaf is folded longitudinally into deep grooves and thick ridges; the grooves and ridges are alternate in the horizontal plane.  The rhizome which is deep in the soil exhibits certain characteristic features. There is a well-developed periderm all around the rhizome. The periderm is uniformly 150µm thick, comprising six or seven layers of rectangular, thin-walled, homogeneous and suberized phellem cells. The vascular bundles are scanty in this region. The raphide bundles are 25 µm thick and 80 µm long. The variation in the thickness of the midrib, lateral veins, lamina, and vascular strands may be attributed to the difference in the nutrient in the substratum where the plants grow. This anatomical character should be helpful to authentication of the C. orchioides sample.  

Keywords: Curculigo orchioides, Anatomy, Rhizome, Crystals, Starch grains.

Title: Pharmacognosy of an ethnomedicinal plant- Curculigo orchioides Gaertn

Author: Rajanikanth Garapati, Rajesh Govindan, Babu Rao Karasala, Ramesh Narayanaperumal

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Gloriosa superba L. belongs to the family Colchicaceae. Locally known as Sengantha malar in Tamil, Glory Lily in English. It is a perennial climbing plant having a V-shaped tuber that is found all over India. The plant traditionally used for the treatment of several human diseases like cancer, piles,  and purgative. But, it also initiated disorders and mortalities to humans due to purposeful and accidental poisoning. The seeds highly valued in the world market as sources of colchicine, a chemical that has used in a remedy against gout,  skin related diseases and anticancer. The antibacterial activity of aqueous, methanol, chloroform and hexane extracts of the seed of G. superba determined by agar well diffusion method.  The aqueous, methanol, chloroform and hexane seed extracts ere screened for their antimicrobial efficiency against gram-negative bacteria. Among the different solvent extracts, the antimicrobial activity was high in the methanol, extract followed by chloroform, hexane extracts. The antimicrobial activity was much less in the cold aqueous extract than boiled extract. The efficacy of antimicrobial activity depends on the nature and volume of active principles present in the tested extracts. The antimicrobial effect of the crude seed extracts is better than standard antibiotic drugs of ampicillin and tetracycline. The tetracycline showed a better inhibitory effect against E. cloacae, E. coli, K. aerogenes, K. pneumonia, S. typhimurium, S. maltophilia, B. megaterium, B. subtilis and gave low inhibitory effect in P. aeruginosa, P. maltophilia, P. oleovorans than seed crude extract of G. superba.

Keywords: Gloriosa superba, V- shape tuber, Seed, Antimicrobial activity, Ampicillin.

Title: Antimicrobial studies on seed extracts of Gloriosa superba L

Author: Babu Rao Karasala, Rajanikanth Garapati, Rajesh Govindan, Mani Rathinasabapathi Arulmozhi, Ramesh Narayanaperumal

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Studies were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of aqueous and organic extracts of the Hargel shoots against the adult stage of the cowpea beetle Callosobruchus maculatus in Sudan. Hargel shoots were extracted sequentially by organic solvents of increasing polarity (Petroleum ether, Ethyl acetate, and Ethanol) as well as directly by with distilled water or ethanol. Extracts were tested at concentrations ranging between 1% and 10%. The evaluated efficacy parameters included; mortality, repellency, antifeedant and effects on weight loss in stored cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). The tests were conducted in Petri dishes (9 cm i.d) and plastic cups (capacity 200 ml) and the obtained data were subject to the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and further by probit analysis. The results of the mortality data indicated that the direct extraction with ethanol was the most potent against the test insect as shown by its low LD₅₀ of 0.39%. Various types of Hargel shoot extracts induced significant dose-dependent repellency against the C. maculatus. The highest 24 hours repellency was caused by the aqueous extract as indicated by its low ED₅₀ value of 8%. The different Hargel shoot extracts also induced significant antifeedant action against the test insect. The lowest Feeding ratio (Fr) of 0.007, as well as the lowest percentage weight loss (0.7%), was recorded in ethyl acetate extract treated cowpea seeds.

Keywords:  Cowpea beetle, Hargel, mortality, repellency, antifeedant.

Title: Efficacy of Hargel (Solanostemma argel (Del) hayne) shoots extract for the control of the cowpea beetle (Callosobruchus maculatus) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)

Author: Mohammed Osman Mohammed Sir El Khatim, Azhari Omer Abdelbagi, Abd Elaziz Sulieman Ahmed Ishag, Ahmed Mohammed Ali Hammad

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: The cell-free supernatant containing bacteriocin LABF1, produced by Lactobacillus plantarum LABF1, inhibits the growth of food borne bacterial pathogens viz., Listeria monocytogenes MTCC 657, Bacillus cereus MTCC 1272, Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 740, Salmonella typhi MTCC 531 and Escherichia coli MTCC 2939. Strain Lactobacillus plantarum LABF1 produces bacteriocin LABF1. A maximum total bacteriocin activity of 6400 AU/ml was recorded after 14 h in MRS broth. In MRS broth adjusted to pH=5.5, 6.0 or 6.5, an equal level of bacteriocin production of 6400 AU/ml was recorded. Optimal production (6400 AU/ml) was recorded in the presence of tryptone (20 g/L), a combination of tryptone and meat extract (12.5+7.5 g/L), or tryptone and yeast extract (12.5+7.5 g/L). In the presence of 20 g/L of sucrose and maltose yielded the activity levels of 6400 AU/ml. Increasing the Concentrations of 5.0 to 20g/L K2HPO4 or 2 to20g/L of KH2  PO4 had a negative effect on bacteriocin production. Concentration of 2.0 ml/L of tween80 yielded double activity (12800 AU/ml). Supplementing MRS with 1 ml/L or more Concentrations of glycerol reduced the production of bacteriocin. Growth in the presence of vitamins did not stimulate bacteriocin production.

Keywords: Bacteriocin, Lactobacillus plantarum, fish.

Title: Effect of medium components on bacteriocin production by Lactobacillus plantarum LABF1, isolated from fish

Author: Jayachitra . J

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: The study was aimed to assess the level of pesticide residues in tomatoes and cucumber vegetables grown in greenhouse farms in Khartoum State (Sudan) and compare them with the maximum residue limits set by Codex Alimentarius. A total of 19 samples of cucumbers (14) and tomatoes fruits (5) were randomly collected from 14 greenhouse farms under study. The levels of pesticide residues were determined by gas chromatography equipped with a flame ionization detector (GC-FID). The results indicated that 94.7% of the samples were contaminated by diazinon, malathion, chlorpyrifos, ethephon, prefenofos and oxyfluorfen. The residues measured in cucumber fruits samples ranged from 0.05 to 167.19 mg kg -1, and that measured in tomato fruit ranged from 2.55 to 136.87 mg kg -1, and all of them were above maximum residue limits (MRLs) set by Codex Alimentarius. The highest level of diazinon residues was detected in cucumber samples collected from the greenhouse farms MB (25.68 mg kg -1), Eltiseen (24.63 mg kg -1), and Elzawaya (10.58 mg kg -1) were exceeded the MRLs of cucumber (0.1 mg kg -1) by 257, 246 and 106 folds, respectively. However the corresponding values of malathion resides that detected in tomato fruits samples collected from the farms YAY (39.7 mg kg -1), MB (9.45mg kg -1 ), Eltiseen (8.46 mg kg -1) and Elzawaya (8.28 mg kg -1) were also  exceeded the MRLs of tomato fruits (0.1 mg kg -1) by 79, 47, 42 and 41 folds, respectively. These high levels of pesticide residues detected in both vegetables raise a great public health concern as they can pose serious adverse effects to consumers.

Keywords: Tomato fruits, Cucumbers, Pesticide residue, Greenhouse, Khartoum State.

Title: Pesticide Residues Detected on Tomato and Cucumber Fruits Grown in Greenhouse farms in Khartoum State, Sudan

Author: Awad O. Mohamed, Adam A. Mater, Ahmed M.A. Hammad, Abd Elaziz S.A. Ishag , Elsadig Mahjoob El Tayeb, Asia Azrag Dahab

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Worldwide the burden of osteoporosis is increasing as both prevalence and incidence of osteoporosis and its related fracture is increasing. Health Belief Model is appropriate as a conceptual model for prevention of disease behavior. The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate the effect of an educational intervention based on Health Belief Model regarding osteoporosis belief among female academician in Malaysia. A single blinded randomized controlled trial was conducted among 212 female academicians; intervention was conducted for 12 weeks; data was collected at baseline, immediately, one month and three months after intervention. Data was analyzed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20. After intervention, from baseline to three months follow up there was a significant increase in the mean score of beliefs (215.2 - 225.1, p<0.001). Controlling for baseline socio-demographic data, the GLM model showed a significant difference between groups (F=8.403, p<0.001) and within groups for beliefs score (F=13.806, p<0.001).These results provided evidence for the effectiveness of an educational intervention in promoting osteoporosis knowledge which suggests that increase knowledge on osteoporosis can improve exercise and calcium intake even after three months of intervention, but policy should implement for long term intervention to sustain this effectiveness.

Keywords: Osteoporosis, Belief, Female, Health Belief Model, Malaysia.

Title: EFFECTIVENESS OF HEALTH BELIEF MODEL BASED EDUCATIONAL INTERVENTION ON OSTEOPOROSIS HEALTH BELIEF SCALE AMONG FEMALE ACADEMICIAN IN MALAYSIA

Author: Amin, Samia, Abdul Rahman Hejar, Ismail Suriani, Zainal Abidin Emilia

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Sweets are prepared with the high amount of sucrose, which not good for dietetic consumers. Sucrose was successfully replaced with the sweetener blends for the preparation of the indigenous cereals snack (Shankarpoli). The study was conducted with artificial sweetener blends based sweetening agents to be used in the preparation of Indian snack i.e. Shankarpoli.  Various sweeteners stevia, maltitol and sucralose blends were used in the preparation of snack.  Several possibilities exist to exploit the benefits of artificial sweeteners in the bakery and confectionery processing plant to enhance the safety from disease related to high-calorie intake and quality of products. The threshold intensity for sugar, stevia, maltitol, and sucralose were 0.5, 0.027, 1.8 and 0.005 g respectively. Shankarpoli was prepared using refined wheat flour. In Shankarpoli sugar and sweetener blends were added by sprinkle method because sprinkle process enhances the texture of snack compared with other processes. The sensory evaluation of snacks was done by Qualitative Descriptive analysis (QDA) and there was no significant difference in typical attributes of the snack, but the overall acceptance was found higher in blend 8 (8g maltitol, 0.0775g stevia, and 0.00775g sucralose) with minimum lingering sweetness.

Keywords: Shankarpoli, Sucralose, Stevia, Maltitol, Qualitative Descriptive analysis.

Title: Optimization of sweetener blends for the preparation of Indian ethnic snack

Author: Radha Kushwaha, Vinti Singh, Devinder Kaur, Maya Prakash

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Soda lakes are saline and alkaline ecosystems that have existed throughout the geological record of Earth. They are widely distributed across the globe, but are abundant in terrestrial biomes such as deserts and steppes and in geologically interesting regions such as the East African Rift valley. Lake Magadi is a shallow hyper saline basin located in East African Rift valley. The lake is a representative of the most stable alkaline environments on earth with a pH range of 9 to 13. It has hot springs that host both hyperthermophilic and haloalkalithermophilic bacteria. Haloalkalithermophilic Bacteria and Archaea belonging to all major trophic groups have been described from many soda lakes including Lake Magadi. The lake is an intriguing ecosystem harboring productive microbial communities of ecological and economic importance in spite of the extreme environmental conditions. Soda lake microorganisms harbor biotechnologically relevant enzymes and biomolecules (e.g. cellulases, amylases, ectoine). These enzymes and biomolecules are useful in developing new applications such as medicine, food, detergents and research reagents. Many studies on alkalithermophilic bacteria; like isolation, characterization and identification, have been done on Kenyan soda lakes and there is the need to augment bioprospecting efforts in soda lake environments with new integrated approaches. This minireview highlights the ecology and growth characteristics of the halophilic alkalithermophiles that have been isolated. Properties of the halophilic alkalithermophiles are described including their roles in resistance to the combined stressors of high salinity, alkaline pH and high temperature.

Keywords: cellulases, amylases, ectoine, hyperthermophilic, haloalkalithermophilic, bioprospecting.

Title: MICROBIAL DIVERSITY OF LAKE MAGADI AND OTHER SODA LAKES

Author: Eunice Mulango, Dr. Remmy Kasili, Dr. Romano Mwirichia, Dr. Christabel Muhonja

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Ethnobotanical survey of plants in Andoni Local Government Area of Rivers State, Southern Nigeria was carried out with the aim of identifying and documenting different plant species of Ethnoeconomic and Ethnomedicinal importance used by this people to enrich their lives and solve their health problems. The knowledge of these plants used by this people was gained through the administration of well-structured questionnaires, in-depth interactions with herbalist in the area, field trips with herbalist and some selected locals, organized group discussions and literature review. A total of 116 persons (16 herbalist and 100 locals) from 16 villages were sampled during the survey period. The survey revealed that a total of 65 plant species distributed into 37 families have major Ethnoeconomic and Ethnomedicinal importance to this people. Thirty-five (35) plant species distributed into 27 families have major Ethnoeconomic usage, 15 plant species distributed into 11 families have Ethnomedicinal usage while 15 plant species distributed into 13 families have combined Ethnoeconomic and Ethnomedicinal usage. For all the plant species documented, those belonging to the family Aracaceae have the highest usage (17%) followed by those in the family Asteraceae (14%). Percentages of parts used for all the documented plant species shows that the leaves have the highest usage (31.18%) followed by fruits (27.96%), whole plant (13.98%), stem (12.90%), bark (5.38%), tubers (4.30%), seeds (3.23%) and roots (1.08%).The usefulness of this documented information towards the conservation of the natural heritage of the Andoni man and his biodiversity is also elaborated by this survey.

Keywords: Andoni, Ethnobotany, Ethnobotanical, Ethnoeconomical, Ethnomedicinal.

Title: Ethnobotanical Survey of Plants in Andoni Local Government Area of Rivers State, Southern Nigeria

Author: Ubelejit Alfred, Adoyi Paul, Sunday Ameh, Yakubu Danjuma

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: The preliminary phytochemical investigation of ethanolic extracts of Humboldtia vahliana Wt. And Saraca asoca (Roxb.) de Wilde highlights the importance of these selected plants in the preparation of various herbal formulations for treating different ailments. Moreover it also shows great potential in antimicrobial as well as antifungal activities. The present study may also provides an additional clues for the identification and characterization of potential phytochemical compounds for developing new drugs in future.

Keywords: Phytochemical screening, Humboldtia vahliana Wt., Saraca asoca (Roxb.) de Wilde.

Title: Phytochemical Screening of Two Selected Members in Caesalpiniaceae

Author: CHITHRA K.N., ANU THOMAS, BINU THOMAS

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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