Vol 6 Issue 3 July 2018-September 2018

Abstract: The food composition of Puntius sarana was studied for a period of April 2015 to March 2016. The fish feed on both types of foods plant as well as animal origin. The food and feeding habit of Puntius sarana has showed that it is omnivorous. Total food items of Puntius sarana divided into four groups phytoplanktons (55.45%) followed by zooplankton (26.1), macroinvertebrates (12.21%) and miscellaneous items (6.56%). Phytoplankton was the first preference of Puntius sarana and it is observed for 55.45% of the total items.

Keywords: Food and feeding habits, omnivorous, Godavari river.

Title: FOOD AND FEEDING HABITS OF PUNTIUS SARANA (HAMILTON) FROM GODAVARI RIVER, NANDED, MAHARASHTRA STATE

Author: M.M. DESHMUKH, K.S. SHILLEWAR

International Journal of Life Sciences Research    

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: In the present experiment effect of sublethal (LC0) and semilethal (LC50) concentration of pesticide lead nitrate on the serum glucose concentration of Heteropneustes fossilis, Heteropneustes fossilis with reference to season and sex was studied. Significant increase in the serum glucose concentration is observed in sublethal (LC0) and semilethal (LC50) concentration of pesticide. High glucose concentration is observed in breeding period as compared to pre-breeding and post-breeding period.

Keywords: Heteropneustes fossilis, lead nitrate, serum glucose.

Title: SERUM GLUCOSE CONCENTRATION IN HETEROPNEUSTES FOSSILIS EXPOSED TO ORGANOPHOSPHATE PESTICIDE WITH REFERENCE TO SEASON AND SEX

Author: Dr. Monalisa, Dr. Uday Gopal Jha, Dr. Bibhuti Dutta Singh

International Journal of Life Sciences Research     

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: The study was conducted in a training and workshop which was held at Lalgarh Govt. College on and from 26th august, 2018 to 28th August, 2018 on resource study and methodology applied for biological field. On that ground we have taken a field trail on mycological foray at Purnapani forest under Lalgarh of Jhargram District in West Bengal, India. The prime aim of the study was to know the condition of edible wild macro-fungi growing in and around the forest during monsoon in Binpur-CDB of Jhargram district. Local people were familiar to identify the local macro fungi which were frequently available inside the forest. Local economy depends on the growth of those fungi in forest since June to October each year. Due to lack of other source for income generation except agriculture they collect forest macro-fungi which give them direction for income. In the market all are not available as some are edible while other are poisonous so, need identification and field trial for the said study. Here we study many fungi species in which some were not suitable for body intact as these were poisonous. Seventeen species of macro-fungi we observed and photographed from Purnapani forest of Lalgarh, Jhargram during extensive field study. Of them 9 species were non poisonous may be used as edible species. Accurate determination and proper identification of a species is the only safe way to ensure edibility, and the only safe guard against possible accident is traditional as well as scientific knowledge. Among them, Termitomyces microcarpus, Coprinus comatus, Russula kanadii, Craterellus shoreae, Asterius hygrometricus are very popular for their taste and nutritive value which have a great demand in market.

Keywords: Purnapani forest, macro-fungi, sustainable development.

Title: Preliminary study on forest macro-fungi at Purnapani forest of Jhargram in West Bengal

Author: Rajsekhar Pramanik, Nandita Bhakat, Sanyukta Kundu, Dr. Debabrata Das

International Journal of Life Sciences Research     

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Mycorrhizae represent mutualistic association between plant root and specialized soil fungi are a gift to the plants as they promote their growth. The present study was undertaken to screen the presence of Arbuscular Mycorrhizae (AM) in there rattan species namely Calamus thwaitesii Becc. & Hook.f. , Calamus nagabettai Fernandez & Dey and Calamus prasinus Lakshmana & Renuka of Charmady Kanpady Reserve Forest of Karnataka, India. A total of 38 species of AM fungi belonging to three genera namely Acaulospora, Glomus and Scutellospora were isolated from the rhizopshere soils of rattans.

Keywords: Arbuscular Mycorrhizae, rattans, rhizopshere, root colonization, vesicular colonization.

Title: Screening of the Arbuscular Mycorrhizae in the rhizosphere soils of three Rattan species of Charmady Kanpadi Reserve forest of Karnakata, India

Author: Ramakrishna Marati, Shobha Devadiga

International Journal of Life Sciences Research    

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Nosocomial infections are those which are acquired or developed during hospital stay or visit. It is widely accepted that the surface contamination play role in transmission of infection in the domestic and community setting. Usually hospital fomite such as door knobs, syringes, patient’s bed, chair, desk and many such are possible objects which can acquire infection. The most common nosocomial infections involved are urinary tract infection, respiratory tract infection, gastrointestinal tract infection etc. The main aim of current study is to check level of fomite micro flora of different hospitals and steps that should be taken to control the transmission of disease from fomite. A survey of two government and two private hospitals was done. Microbial load of air by air sedimentation method & fomite was studied. The swab samples were collected from fomite surface such as Clinical Waste Decomposition Room, Water Reservoir, Dressing Tray, and General Ward. Microscopic & macroscopic characteristics were determined and isolates were identified using biochemical tests and Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Further disinfectant activity of Dettol and Phenyl derivative were studied on common organism observed in both private and government hospital by Agar well diffusion method.

Keywords: Nosocomial infection, Fomite, Disinfectant activity.

Title: Comparative Analysis of Hospital Microflora and Study of Disinfectant Activity

Author: Bincy Mary Biju, Bhavyan Pandya, Rahul Yadav, Ruchita Rane

International Journal of Life Sciences Research    

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Emmalocera depressella feeding on sugarcane are diverse, numerous and usually of limited geographical distribution. However, they all inflict heavy damage the crop thus causing borers to rank among the most dreaded pests in nearly all areas where sugarcane is growth. Emmalocera depressella (Sugarcane root borer) beloning to order Lepidoptera and family Pyralididae. It attacks the underground part of the sugarcane stem, hence it is popularly called the sugarcane root borer. In this research paper emphasis is on the comparative efficacy of seven insecticides against the root borer of sugarcane which include both synthetic and herbal Neem Seed Kernel Extract and Nimin were tried. Among the synthetic and herbals later was more effective and eco-friendly.

Studies of different herbal and synthetic pesticides on Emmoalocera depressella were conducted at the experimental village, Rampur-Rudra, Distt Chapra (Saran), under P.G.Deptt. of Zoology (Entomological Laboratory), Jagdam College, Chapra (Saran), Jai Prakash University, Chapra (Saran), Bihar During 2010-2012.

Keywords: E.depressella, Synthetic pesticides, Carbofuron, Endosulfan, Infestation.

Title: Effect of Different Herbal and Synthetic Pesticides on Emmalocera depressella (Lepidoptera: Pyralididae) of Sugarcane Pest in Rampur Rudra, District, Chapra (Saran), Bihar (INDIA)

Author: Dr. Bibhuti Dutta Singh, Dr. Gajendra Pd. Singh

International Journal of Life Sciences Research    

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: The macroanatomy of the tentacular head of Phascolosoma arcuatum belongs to phylum Sipuncula has been studied under light microscopic methods and computer aided graphics analysis. The tentacular head structure has been reconstructed using computer aided graphics analysis using series histological images on computer aided software platform. The P. arcuatum has only five, semitransparent, pigmented, lobed tentacles in tentacular crown with large tentacular coelomic connections. We found that the tentacles are lined by ciliated columnar epithelium with large number of mucosecretory cells, indicating their deposit feeding habit. Fewer number of tentacles, body wall and there burrowing habit supports there integumentary breathing habit. A thick striated collar encircles the tentacles forming the ventral wall of the mouth channel and protects tentacles from mechanical damage when retracted. These structural peculiarities revealed from macroanatomical analysis are strongly suggestive about the important role of the collar region of the tentacular crown of the head of P. arcuatum in relation to its burrowing habit to its concern habitat.

Keywords: Phascolosoma arcuatum, Deposit feeding, Tentacular Introvert, Anatomical modeling.

Title: Macroanatomy and 3-dimensional modeling of the tentacular head of Phascolosoma arcuatum (Grey, 1828)

Author: Biplab Mahata, Amalesh Choudhury, Subrata Kumar De

International Journal of Life Sciences Research    

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

Vol. 6, Issue 3, July - September 2018

Page : 294-298

Publisher: Research Publish Journals

Available at: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 20-August-2018

Abstract: Plant Protease Inhibitors (PPIs) are widely distributed in plants and plays a role in protecting plants from pest attack. In this study we screened plants to identify protease inhibitors against trypsin. Seeds/leaves were homogenized in bicarbonate buffer pH 9.0 (1ml/g tissue). The homogenate was centrifuged at 9,500 x g for 10 minutes at 40 C. The supernatant containing the soluble proteins was used for protease inhibition assay using Nα-Benzoyl-DL-Arginine-P-Nitro Anilide (BAPNA) as substrate. Out of the 20 plants screened 11 plants showed greater than 50% inhibition towards trypsin and out of these for six plants, this is the first report of presence of trypsin inhibitor. The extract from the leaves of Dalbergia latifolia showed the highest inhibition of 85.09±0.4%. The other  plant  extract showed greater than 50% inhibitory activity towards trypsin are Nephelium lappaceum (83.45±0.05%), Cochlospermum religiosum (79.23±0.04%), Anacardium occidentae (79.23±0.04%), Samanea saman (78.27±0.08%), Mucuna pruriens (71.34±0.06 %), Psidium gujava (69.20±0.09%), Alpinia calcarata (67.25±0.12%), Syzigium cumini (61.10±0.26%), Gliricidia sepium (56.90±0.09%) and Pterocarpus santalinus (52.49±0.01%).  To our knowledge no trypsin inhibitor was reported from Dalbergia latifolia, Cochlospermum religiosumi, Psidium gujava, Alpinia calcarata, Gliricidia sepium and Pterocarpus santalinus. As lepidopteran larval gut is rich in trypsin-like serine proteases, identification of PPIs against trypsin will be helpful in utilizing them for the controlling the larvae of lepidopteran pests, in addition to other uses of trypsin inhibitors.

Keywords: Plant protease inhibitors, Trypsin inhibitors, Dalbergia latifolia, Cochlospermum religiosum.

Title: IDENTIFICATION OF PLANT EXTRACTS CONTAINING TRYPSIN INHIBITOR

Author: P.P. Remya, Kannan Vadakkadath Meethal

International Journal of Life Sciences Research    

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Medium formulation using low cost substrates and suitable culture conditions to optimize protease production were studied by Streptomyces sp. The fermentation medium for the production of alkaline protease by Streptomyces sp. LCJ17A was optimized with glucose as a carbon source, casein as a nitrogen source and red gram husk as an inducer. The optimized values showed that glucose at 3.5 g/L enhances the yield of protease up to 68.3±1.2 U/mL, casein at 0.5 g/L maximizes the protease production up to 71.72±1.2 U/mL and red gram husk at 2.5 g/L yields 73.02±2.1 U/mL. The protease production was 2.5 fold higher compared to that obtained using the unoptimized medium. Through statistical optimization by using Response Surface Methodology, the enzyme yield was further increased to 88.2±0.9 U/mL. This result indicates that the use of glucose, casein and red gram husk as suitable substrates for maximum protease yield and the enzyme activity from the cheaper source enhances the stability of the protease enzyme for industrial applications.

Keywords: Alkaline protease, Starch casein broth, submerged fermentation, Inducer, optimum culture conditions and Streptomyces sp. LCJ17A.

Title: Medium formulation and optimization for improving protease production by Streptomyces sp. LCJ17A

Author: Parthasarathy. M, Joel Gnanadoss. J

International Journal of Life Sciences Research    

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Banana (Musa spp., family Musaceae) is one of the principle fruit crop of the world, which is cultivated and consumed in many countries. The gene expression profiling of the six subtractive suppression cDNA clones SSh1c03, SSh1f02, SSh1g06, SSh3e08, SSh2a02 and SSh2b11of the transcripts of zinc finger A20 and AN1 domain-containing stress-associated protein, putative nuclease HARBI1, E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase UPL1-like, thioredoxin H1- like, 9S-lipoxygenase 4 and nematode resistance protein-like HSPRO2 of banana (Musa acuminata subsp. malaccensis) respectively was studied in flower and leaf of Grand Naine (Control) and four local genotypes ( BAT, DRG, BHM and GA) of banana by semi- quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR approach. The genes belongs to four cDNA clones SSh1c03, SSh1f02, SSh1g06 and SSh3e08 among the selected transcripts were showed up- regulation in floral and leaf tissues of all the selected genotypes of banana may contribute in yield. The local genotypes of banana did not show any significant difference by comparing with the control in their expression.

Keywords: Banana, yield related genes, RT-PCR, expression profiling.

Title: Expression Profiling of Yield Related Genes in Banana

Author: Shubhankar Tarafdar, D. Sailaja, Shubha Banerjee, Rakesh Meena

International Journal of Life Sciences Research    

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: The aim of this work is to study occurrence of genus Spirulina and biochemical composition of Spirulina subsalsa isolated from various localities of Satara district, Maharashtra. Four species of Spirulina were recorded from the study area viz., Spirulina subsalsa Oersted ex Gomont, Spirulina meneghiniana Zanardini ex Gomont, Spirulina major Kutzing ex Gomont and Spirulina gigantea Schmidle. Out of these  Spirulina subsalsa was cultured in conical flasks under lab conditions. Algal biomass was harvested at its exponential phase. Fresh as well as dried biomass was subjected to biochemical analysis. The metabolites considered for biochemical analysis were pigments viz., chlorophyll a, carotenoids and Phycobiliproteins; carbohydrate, protein, lipids, Nitrate reductase (NR) activity, Total flavonoid content (TFC),Total Phenolic content (TPC),Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and Vitamin C. It showed significant amount of chlorophyll- a i.e. 6.510(mg/ml) with 3.800 (mg/ml) carotenoid content. Total phycobiliproteins recorded was 5.60 (mg/ml) with 0.800 (mg/ml) Phycoerythin, 1.800 (mg/ml) Phycocyanin and 3.00(mg/ml) allophycocyanin respectively. It showed 8.00 % (dry wt.) Carbohydrates, 49.00 % (dry wt.) proteins and 25.00% (dry wt.) lipids which makes it superfood. In addition Total flavonoid content (TFC) recorded was 3.970 (mg./g equivalent of Rutin);Total Phenolic content (TPC) 0.305(mg./g GAE),Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) 0.525(mg./g AAE), and Vitamin C 0.452(mg./g). Spirulina subsalsa have been found with promising biochemical characterization which may be exploited further in future.

Keywords: Biochemical analysis, Cyanobacteria, Satara, Spirulina subsalsa.

Title: Studies on cyanobacteria: Spirulina isolated from Satara district, Maharashtra

Author: Priyadarshani Kamble, Vanita Karande

International Journal of Life Sciences Research    

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Haemonchus contortus, the twisted stomach worm is the most common and the most destructive of the gastrointestinal helminth. It is found in the abomasum of the sheep and goat.  Chemical control of helminths coupled with improved management has important worm control strategy throughout the world. However, increasing problems of development of resistance in helminths against anthelmintics have led to the proposal of screening of medicinal plants for their anthelmintic activity. In the present investigation, the anthelmintic efficacy of Glycyrrhiza glabra was assessed based on its effect on the motility of Haemonchus contortus. In the present study, hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol and aqueous extracts of rhizome of Glycyrrhiza glabra were tested for their efficacy against the nematode, H. contortus. Adult live worms were collected from the abomasum of the sheep and were maintained in vitro in Hedon-Fleig solution (pH 7.0) at 37°C. The worms  were exposed to various concentrations (1, 3 and 5 mg/ml) of the plant extracts for 24 h. Based on the gross visual observation on the motility of the worms in various concentrations of different extracts, ethanol extract of rhizome of Glycyrrhiza glabra were selected for motility test. Five different sub-lethal concentrations of ethanol extract of rhizome of Glycyrrhiza glabra were selected for further studies. Quantitative measure on the motility of the treated parasites using Electronic Micromotility Meter (EMM) confirmed the inhibitory effect of GgEE on H. contortus.  Motor activity of H. contortus was inhibited in GgEE treated worms at 0.5 mg/ml after 8 h of exposure. The worms did not show any revival after 8 h and the worm death was confirmed by their pale white colour appearance. Active motility was observed in the untreated control worms throughout the period of incubation. The inhibition of the motility is directly proportional to the concentration of the extracts and period of incubation and maximum inhibition occurred in the highest concentration after 8 h of exposure. GgEE possesses a remarkable anthelmintic activity against Haemonchus contortus. It may serve as an alternative for anthelmintic chemotherapeutic agents and could be used in safe and eco friendly manner. However, this study warrants further in vivo studies for practical utility.

Keywords: Haemonchus contortus, Glycyrrhiza glabra and Electronic Micromotility Meter (EMM).

Title: Anthelmintic efficacy of Glycyrrhiza glabra on the nematode Haemonchus contortus – In vitro study

Author: Dr. Kungumampriya, B.Suresh, Dr. K.Manoj Dhanraj

International Journal of Life Sciences Research    

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Human health are directly affected by Metal pollution due to waterways which can have effects over food chain. The polluted water will have the accumulation of trace metals which causes the impact on living organisms of sea that is consumed as food. This study is required for the analysis of those metals which are toxic namely Pb and Cd and the essential metals of dietary for four different brands processed from cans of tuna species are Zn and Mn in 120 in India and the observation of pollution in tuna products is critical for humans due to safety of food mercury (Hg), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd). The pollutants like Hg, Pb and Cd has been observed for 60 specimens of tuna in a total. The contents of metal present in the samples are expressed in terms of mggÿ1 wet weight, for mercury the values differed from 0.20 to 0.66 with a median value of 0.29, from 0.09 to 0.32 with a median value of cadmium is 0.18 and from 0.18 to 0.40 with a median value of lead is 0.28. This study signifies with the results of tuna from the southern coastal region of India have the permissible levels of concentrations which is below these toxic metals. For the contribution of the body burden can therefore be considered negligible.

Keywords: Tuna fish, spices, toxicological content.

Title: ANALYSIS OF TOXICOLOGICAL CONTENT AVAILABLE IN TUNA FISH SPECIES AT SOUTHERN COASTAL REGION OF INDIA

Author: I. Gayathri, Dr. A. Shajahan

International Journal of Life Sciences Research    

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract:  The tannery industries and drainage from urban and agricultural areas add chromium as one of the heavy metals to the aquatic environment and thereby imposing negative effects on the aquatic fauna. In the present study, the haematological alterations produced on short-term exposure to sublethal concentration of chromium (25 mg L-1) were investigated in fresh water air-breathing fish, Channa punctatus (Bloch) for 24h, 48h and 72h respectively. The 96h LC50 of chromium salt, potassium dichromate was determined to be 34.59 mg/L. The results revealed statistically significant decrease in erythrocytic parameters like TEC (Total Erythrocytic Count), Hb (Haemoglobin) content and Haematocrit (Hct %) values in all experimental groups compared to the control with an increase of exposure periods. On the contrary, leucocytic parameters such as TLC (Total Leucocytic Count), Leucocrit (Lct %) and neutrophil populations were significantly increased during acute exposure. Acute lymphocytopenia was also recorded. The absolute corpuscular values like MCH (Mean Cell Haemoglobin) and MCHC (Mean Cell Haemoglobin Concentration) also exhibited significant increase in fishes of experimental groups while MCV (Mean Cell Volume) exhibited a fluctuating pattern. The depression of erythrocytic parameters clearly indicated that the fishes became anaemic due to acute toxicity of chromium.

Keywords: Channa punctatus, hexavalent chromium, erythrocytic parameters, leucocytic parameters, neutrophilia, lymphocytopenia.

Title: Acute Toxicity of Hexavalent Chromium in Adult Channa punctatus (Bloch, 1793) with regard to changes in Erythrocytic and Leucocytic Profiles

Author: Samudra Gupta, Rajarshi Ghosh

International Journal of Life Sciences Research    

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: The phytophagous mites attack the ornamental plants and cause substantial economic loss by sucking the plant sap and cause chemical, physiological and mechanical injuries which ultimately lead to reducing yield and economic loss. The use of synthetic chemical pesticides to control the mite problem is long in use in agricultural practices. But these types of pesticides have very hazardous effect on environment. The predatory mites can be an alternative to synthetic chemical pesticides and useful in IPM as an important biocontrol agent. In the present study the correlation coefficient has been worked out between the Phytophagous and Predatory mite population occurring on Rose (Rosa spp.) for three consecutive years which are 2009-2010, 2010- 2011 and 2011 -2012 and the correlation coefficient were -0.079, -0.066, and -0.032.And hence the the predatory mites have been suggested as an alternative to synthetic chemical pesticides as an biocontrol agent.

Keywords: phytophagous, predatory, IPM, biocontrol agent.

Title: An Observation on Predatory Mites as an Important Biocontrol Agent on Rose in West Bengal India

Author: Dr. Soma Karmakar

International Journal of Life Sciences Research    

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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