Vol 7 Issue 3 July 2019-September 2019

Abstract: Hearing is the most commonly sensory defect in the elderly population it directly cause a severe effect on the quality of life of the patient. Especially in the elderly, damage to hearing effect the exchange of information, thoughts thus significantly influences everyday life, causing frustration, and anxiety, isolation, as well as communication difficulties. Difficulties in hearing may cause social and health problem. Damage to hearing with age (presbycusis) is raising problem that may results in the deviation in the social, emotional, physical problems and has a significant impact on the quality of life of every aging person. Increment of presbycusis cannot be healed; therefore valuable management of this problem not only needs early identification and reestablishment, but it also include an assessment of quality of life.

Objective: To assess the impact of hearing loss on quality of life of the patients with regards to emotional and social problems that they face.

Patients and methods: In the present study the sample comprised of 60 hearing impaired elderly participants (40 males and 20 females), age range 60 - 75years, having moderately severe to profound hearing loss. All participants belong to low socioeconomic group. Among 60 participants, 45 illiterate and 15 have primary education. All the participants were dependent on their family income. The average family income was Rs.4000-9000 monthly. All Hindi speaking participants were taken for the present research for better communication.

Results: The data were analyzed under four domains physical, social/personal, environmental and psychological.  Physical health domain were evaluated through seven indicators including pain, dependence on medical aids, energy, mobility, sleep and rest, activities of daily living, and work capacity more than 70% participants show positive preferred to any kind of physical activity, which means that most of the person have sufficient amount of energy for daily work. 

Conclusions: Hearing loss is associated with important adverse effects on the quality of life of elderly persons. Hearing impairment is the sensory impairment which creates a difficulty in the life of people. From the present study it is concluded that hearing loss effect psychological and environmental domain  like due to lack of money, lack of access to health services which is degrading the management of hearing impaired people for this we need to conduct counselling programmes  and create awareness about the schemes provided  by the government so that they can afford the suitable hearing aid and other benefit and can able to  cope up with their problem and accept their problem and did not feel anxiety and depression due to hearing loss. The present study can be continued with more participants

Keywords: Quality of life, Hearing loss, Counselling.

Title: Impact of Hearing Loss on Quality of Life among Hearing Impaired Geriatric Population

Author: Ms. Kalyani, Dr. Pubalin Dash

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: The study was conducted to determine the effects of graded levels of Gmelina arborea bark supplementation with Afzelia Africana leaves on nutrient digestibility and haematological indices of bucks. Twenty five bucks with body weight of 14.75-17.00 kg, were used for the study. The bucks were weighed and divided into five groups. Each group of five bucks were randomly assigned to one of the five treatments in a completely randomized design (CRD). Fresh Afzelia africana leaves was fed as basal diet. The basal diet was fed ad libitum, while Gmelina arborea bark was fed as supplement at the levels of 0, 100, 150,200 and 250 g/head/day for T1 (control), T2, T3, T4 and T5, respectively. Clean drinking water and mineral salt lick were provided ad libitum throughout the experimental period. There were significant (P>0.05) differences between the treatments groups in all the parameters measured excepts dry matter (DM), ether extract (EE) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) which did not differ significantly (P<0.05) between the treatments groups. Bucks on T5 recorded the highest Cp digestibility, however it did not differ from other treatments groups significantly (P<0.05). Crude fibre (CF) digestibility was higher in T4 and T5 fed 200 and 250g inclusion of Gmelina arborea bark than other treatments. The neutral detergent fibre (NDF) digestibility was also higher in T4 and T5 diets but did not differ (p<0.05) significantly from that of T2 and T3 while T1 (control) recorded the highest ash digestibility. Haematological parameters indicated that there were significant (P>0.05) differences between the treatments for all the parameters measured except red blood count (RBC) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin which did not differ significantly (P<0.05) among the treatments groups. Bucks fed diet T₅ recorded higher value of packed cell volume (PCV) while T2 recorded the least. Red blood count (RBC) was higher in T1 while T3 recorded the least. Treatments 2, 3, 4 and 5 recorded highest white blood count (WBC) when compared to T1. Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) was higher in T4 but did not differ significantly (P>0.05) from that of T5 and also mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) also followed the same trend between T2 and T3.  In conclusion Gmelina bark can be included at 250 g in Afzelia Africana leaves without adverse effect on nutrient digestibility and heamatological parameters in goats.

Keywords: Goats, Digestibility, Heamatology, Afzelia africana leave, Gmelina bark.

Title: EFFECTS OF GRADED LEVELS OF GMELINA ABOREA BARK SUPPLEMENTED WITH AFZELIA AFRICANA LEAVES ON NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY AND HAEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF GOATS

Author: G. J. BANDAWA, E. Y. WABA, A. A. ALLAHOKI

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Ultrasound is widely used for evaluation of pregnancy in small animal Veterinarian. Examination using ultrasound will obtain high accuracy for pregnancy detection. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of ultrasound in early pregnancy detection in kintamani dogs. This research uses 10 kintamani bitches who mated naturally. The tools used is Veterinary Ultrasound named, Veterinary Ultrasound Scanner with a 5-8.5 MHz transducer probe, in the form of B-mode image mode that will be displayed on the 10 inches LCD. Pregnancy examinations performed regularly every two days starting on the 15th day after the mated to detected pregnancy. Gestation is recorded at first-time detection. Determination of gestational age was determined by gestational sac, zonary, fetus membrane, embryo or embryo heart rate. Data were collected and analyzed are images from the ultrasound scanning. The result was the average of pregnancy examinations in dogs kintamani can be observed on the 18th day post-mated. This result can use by Small animal Veterinarian to determine early pregnancy detection of kintamani bitch using Ultrasound.

Keywords: Kintamani Dog, Ultrasound, Pregnancy, Diagnosis, Gestational Sac.

Title: EARLY PREGNANCY DETECTION USING 2-DIMENSIONAL ULTRASOUND IN KINTAMANI BITCH

Author: I Wayan Nico Fajar Gunawan, Luh Made Sudimartini, I Wayan Wirata, Anak Agung Gde Oka Dharmayudha, I Ketut Puja

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Water is a boundary of nature to the mankind and plays a pivotal role for the survival of all living organisms. Quality of ecosystem depends upon the physicochemical characteristics and biological diversity of the system. Hence an attempt has been made to study the physicochemical characters of fish culture ponds of Thiruvarur District. All the physicochemical factors showed significant fluctuation from one region to another depending upon the soil properties. The heavy metals were found to be trace. Water quality largely depend upon the volume of water and water quality, generally domestic sewage with <50 ppm. BOD value is good depending upon the climatic conditions and their hydro biological soil qualities.

Keywords: fish, physicochemical parameters, BOD, trace, properties.

Title: SURVEY ON THE WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS OF FISH CULTURE PONDS OF THIRUVARUR DISTRICT

Author: Dr. K.GEETHA LAKSHMI, Dr. A.KAVITHA AMIRTHANAYAGI

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: The silkworm, Bombyx mori L. feeds solely on mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaves for all material, micro and macronutrients. An experiment was conducted to examine toxic effects of mulberry leaf (produced treating with various experimental concentrations of copper chloride (CuCl₂) employing pot experimental system) on the commercial rearing characteristics of popular bivoltine x bivoltine mulberry silkworm hybrid, CS2 x CSR4. Though 8 experimental Cu concentrations (5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160, 320 and 640 µg/g soil) apart from control, were planned for production of mulberry leaf, leaf from only 4 experimental Cu concentrations (5, 10, 20 and 40 µg/g soil), apart from the control were used for mulberry (V1 variety) leaf produced as leaf from other experimental conditions was insufficient or leaf not produced at all. Further, experimental mulberry leaf was used only for the fifth instar silkworm larval eating period.

Only four silkworm commercial rearing parameters; larval weight, cocoon weight, shell weight and shell ratio were considered. Initial two low experimental Cu concentrations (5 and 10 µg/g soil) resulted in increased larval weight, cocoon weight and shell weight, indicating promontory effects of Cu as essential micronutrient. Later higher experimental Cu concentrations (20 and 40 µg/g soil) reduced their count, indicating inhibitory effects as toxicity inducer at these concentrations. Shell ratio on the other hand, had not been influenced by Cu, indicating that shell ratio is race dependent rather than influenced by Cu. Toxicity Index (TI) and Phytotoxicity computed also confirmed the above observations. Results are discussed based on the available literature.

Keywords: Copper, toxicity, mulberry leaf, Morus alba, silkworm, Bombyx mori, rearing parameters, Tolerance Index, Phytotoxicity.

Title: Toxicity of copper treated mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaf on commercial rearing characteristics of the silkworm, Bombyx mori L.

Author: A. Yerranna, P. Lakshminarayana Reddy, B. Sujatha, B. Vinayak Reddy, B. Satyanarayana, S. Sankar Naik

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Heavy metal refers to any such metallic chemical element that has a relatively high density and is toxic or deleterious at low concentrations. Heavy metal concentration in liver and blood tissues form Clarias gariepinus from selected sites along River Benue was assayed for using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS Buck Scientific 205). This research is geared towards ascertaining the level of heavy metals in the liver and blood tissues of the cat fish from River Benue, considering the fact that they are a widely consumed fish species. Concentration of the metals in the Liver are in the following decreasing order Zn> Mg > Fe > Cd > Mn > Cr > Pb. Concentration of the metals in the Blood are in the following decreasing order Fe> Zn > Mg > Mn > Cd > Pb > Cr. Also, evidences from the photomicrograph of the liver tissues showed hydroscopic swellings and slight morphological changes to the structure of the liver. In conclusion, findings from this research showed that the liver and blood of the sample fishes (Clarias gariepinus) bioaccumulated considerable concentrations of heavy metals. Despite the bioaccumulation of metals in the liver, there were no visible lesions on the liver cells except for the morphological changes in some and hydroscopic swellings in some of the liver tissues.

Keywords: Heavy Metal; Bioaccumulation; River Benue; Clarias gariepinus.

Title: HEAVY METAL BIOACCUMULATION IN LIVER AND BLOOD TISSUES OF Clarias gariepinus (AFRICAN SHARP TOOTH CATFISH), FOUND IN RIVER BENUE, BENUE STATE, NIGERIA

Author: Amadi Davidson Jnr, Ogo A. Ogo, Inalegwu Bawa, Onyekachi Onyekwere

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Lactic acid bacteria belong to a wide range of genera with considerable number of species. They are gram positive, non- spore forming facultative anaerobic organisms. The environmentally friend aquaculture has been research into alternative disease prevention methods. This literature review provides infermation on the Lactobacillus sp are used as a probionts in Aquaculture area.

Keywords: Probiotic, Lactobacillus sp, Aquaculture, Biotope, Immunity.

Title: Lactobacillus- Potential Probiotic-an overview

Author: N.CHANDRAKALA, G.SOUNDHARANAYAKI

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Mangroves are the ecologically important coastal wetland. In the tropics, they are especially rich in flora and fauna. They are one of the most productive ecosystems of great ecological and economical significance. Avicennia marina commonly known as grey mangrove are white mangrove is classified in the family of Acanthaceae. In the present article the various medicinal applications of Avicennia marina were represented. This the review outlines that the A.marina pose a number of medicinal applications such as phytochemical compounds medicinal uses, ethanomedicinal uses, Antioxidant defense mechanisms etc.

Keywords: A.marina, grey mangrove, phytochemical compounds, ethanomedicinal, antioxidant.

Title: Avicennia marina medicinal application - Review

Author: N.CHANDRAKALA, S.RAJESWARI

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Cold stress is known to disrupt mitochondrial metabolism of the right ventricle (RV) in rats. This study was designed to investigate the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant defense in cold stress in the presence of a natural polyphenol, grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE). Adult, late-adult and old male Wistar rats were categorized into six groups : 1) control (CON), 2) GSPE -treated (CON+PA), 3) Induced chronic cold stress (CCS), 4) GSPE-treated CCS (CCS+PA), 5) induced acute cold stress (ACS) and 6) GSPE-treated ACS (ACS+PA).  Superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities along with glutathione (GSH) showed decreased activities in the RV of CCS group and extent was higher extent in the ACS group compared to their controls. These decreases were more effective in the old compared to adults and late-adults. On the contrary, thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) and catalase (CAT) activities were significantly increased under stress. The observed reduction in SOD, GPx and GR activities were concomitant with increased levels of hydrogen peroxide, superoxide, and nitric oxide levels in the RV of stressed rats. Total thiols (P-SH) significantly decreased as a function of age and chronic stress. The levels of HSP72 increased in the adult and old CCS group. Therefore, cold stress induces right ventricular oxidative stress as a function of age and notably with a greater magnitude during acute compared to chronic stress. However, these changes were alleviated in the GSPE-treated groups regardless of age.

Keywords:  Ageing, Cold stress, Free Radicals, Grape seed proanthocyanidin, Right Ventricle.

Title: Effect of grape seed extract as a function of cold stress and ageing: A study on the redox state in the right ventricle of rat heart

Author: B. Jyothi, S. Asha Devi

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Biochemical and histological analysis were conducted to determine the effects of feeding albino rats with selected vegetables harvested from farmlands nearby oil impacted sites in Rivers state, Nigeria. One hundred and twenty albino rats were divided into six groups (Five rats each group) , each of the groups were fed each of the four selected vegetables.The vegetables were Hibiscus esculentus, Telfairia occidentalis, Vernonia amygdalina and Talinum triangulare  while the farmlands were located at Bomu, Eleme, Umusoya, Rukpokwu and Omagwa. The result obtained was  compared to values from rats fed similar edible vegetables harvested from non oil producing areas in Imo State. The biochemical indices of liver function determined include, total protein, albumin, globulin, total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate amino transferase. Standard methods of analysis was used. The result of total protein concentration showed that serum of rats fed Vernonia amygdalina and Talinum triangulare  from the study areas was significantly lower (p < 0.05) than values obtain from those from the control areas  with values ranging from 53.47 ± 0.11to 62.31 ± 0.10 g/dl. Serum of rats fed Hibiscus esculentus and Telfairia occidentalis harvested from the study areas had significantly higher  albumin value while for Talinum triangulare,  it showed lower value. For globulin, serum of rats fed Telfairia occidentalis, Vernonia amygdalina and Talinum triangulare  from the study areas had significant lower values (p < 0.05). The result of total bilirubin concentration showed that serum of rats fed all vegetables had significantly higher values (p < 0.05) with values ranging from 18.26 ± 0.35 to 40.78 ± 0.33 mg/dl. For alkaline phosphatase concentrations, serum of rats fed all vegetables had significantly higher values (p < 0.05) with values ranging from 27.25 ± 0.05 to 53.87 ± 0.00 U/I. serum of rats fed Vernonia amygdalina and Talinum triangulare  harvested from the study areas had significantly higher  alanine aminotransferase concentration value while those fed Hibiscus esculentus and Telfairia occidentalis had  lower values.finally,the result of aspartate amino transferase concentrations showed that serum of rats fed all vegetables had significantly higher values (p < 0.05) with values ranging from 23.22 ± 0.07 to 57.70 ± 0.06 U/L. Histopathological examination show mild inflammation of the liver of the rats fed vegetables from the study areas. The result indicate a compromise in liver of rats fed vegetables harvested from crude oil impacted farmlands.

Keywords: Oil spillage, edible vegetables, liver function.

Title: Biochemical and histological studies of Albino rats fed vegetables from farmland nearby oil impacted sites in Rivers State, Nigeria

Author: Igwe, K. O., Onyeike, E. N., Uwakwe, A. A.

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: The present communication deals with the molecular comparison of Dactylogyrus lamellatus Achmerow, 1952 (collected from Assam, India) and same species available from other different continents using molecular marker, 28S rDNA. Since, they are morphologically more or less similar, comparative study for sequence conservedness has been made for Indian species and species from different countries using ExpaRNA. Besides this, the study is also supported by motif prediction using meme suite software which can be considered as a promising tool for monogenean species identification. Phylogenetic relationships have also been inferred using neighbour-joining (NJ) and maximum parsimony (MP) methods.

Keywords: Dactylogyrus lamellatus, Assam, 28S rDNA, phylogenetic analysis.

Title: Comparative studies of Indian (Assam), Chinese, UK’s and Iranian Dactylogyrus lamellatus Achmerow, 1952 for structural conservedness using Phylogenetic and Molecular analysis inferred from 28rDNA

Author: Haren Ram Chiary, H.S.Singh

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: A comparison study of water quality among different points/regions of Burgas Lake (Vaya Lake) in the Black Sea, region of Republic of Bulgaria, was undertaken. Dynamics of the water quality parameters in four seasons were investigated. Several water samples were collected from three regions of the lake near industrial and human activity areas. The samples were taken approximately 10-20 meters from the lake line, where the depth was 0.5-1.0 meter. Various tests were conducted to identify the levels of inorganic substances and physico-chemical parameters. The purpose of this research is to identify the changes in the ecological state of the lake, to identify trends in water quality, to specify the influence degree of the pollutants (chemical and biological) over the biodiversity of the lake and eventual use for recreational purposes. Based on the analyzed data, the pH was relatively basic, where it ranged between 8.1 and 5 with respect to all three points of sampling (North, Centre and South) of the lake. Conductivity ritched up to 3,110 µs/cm in fall season for Northern point of the lake while the minimum recorded conductivity was 971 µs/cm for central point of the lake in the spring time. Total insoluble solids’ recorded was 229 mg.Dm-3 in summer time for northern and the lowest value was 8.00 mg.Dm-3 for southern point of collection. Many other substances involving Cr2+, P, Fe³⁺, Cu²⁺, NO₃⁻ and others including heavy metals for the sediment. BOD, COD, microbial cells concentration, Nitrogen with its different state as well as saturated Oxygen were also analysed to determine the impact of human, industrial activities on water quality during four seasons of the year. Some of the data collected for such parameters have showed low concentrations which is an indicator for desirable level of pollution.

Keywords:  Water quality, assessment, monitoring, physico-chemical parameters, Vaya Lake, Black sea.

Title: Monitoring and Water Quality Assessment of Burgas Lake (Vaya Lake) in the Black Sea Region of Republic of Bulgaria

Author: Adnan Falah, Gergana Peeva, Raliza Koleva, Husein Yemendzhiev, Valentin Nenov

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Asparagus officinalis L. is a herbaceous plant belongs to liliaceae family with semi-erect and branched articulated branches and thick and white root, between 30 and 100 cm in length and 0.7 to 1 cm in thickness and dioecious perennial herb and is native to the Asia, Africa and Europe. This study highlights micropropagation of Asparagus officinalis L. through tissue culture techniques. Asparagus officinalis L. seeds were first washed throughly under running tap water for two hour. And then seed were soaked with distilled water for 24 hours. Seeds were then rinsed using 70%, 50%, 20% and 10% sodium hypochlorite followed by distilled water. This series of seed sterilization was done sequentially. Subsequently seeds were rinsed with 70% ethanol and finally with distilled water prior to culture. Seeds were cultured on Murashige and Skoog, 1962 (MS) basal medium containing 8% agar technical and 30% sucrose. In vitro seed germination was observed within two weeks. Complete plantlets were obtained after four weeks of culture. Explants such as stem and root will later be transferred onto MS medium supplemented with various concentrations of plant growth regulator such as Benzylaminopurine (BAP) and Napthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) to see further organogenesis response. The study showed that in vitro propagation of Asparagus officinalis L. to develop new plantlets was successfully obtained.

Keywords: Asparagus officinalis L., micropropagation, in vitro, plantlets, plant growth regulators.

Title: Micropropagation of Asparagus officinalis L. (Garden Asparagus) In Vitro

Author: Rasad, F. M., Hasbullah, N. A., Azis, N. A., Daud, N. F., Lassim, M.M

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Brassica oleracea var. italica or commonly known as broccoli is an edible plant grown in Cameron Highland, Malaysia. This research aims to study organogenesis of broccoli through in vitro culture. The seeds were serially sterilized using 70%, 50%, 20% and 10% sodium hypochlorite. Subsequently, the seeds were sterilized using 70% alcohol. Sterilized broccoli seeds were cultured onto Murashige and Skoog, 1962 (MS) basal medium.  In vitro response of explant growth was observed. Seed germination was observed within day 12 of seed culture. Elongation of shoots was observed after three to four week of culture. Complete plantlets were observed after 6 weeks of culture. Further organogenesis response was observed when shoot, stem and root explants of eight-week-old aseptic seedlings were then transferred onto Murashige and Skoog medium added with combination of Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) and Benzylaminopurine (BAP). Complete plant regeneration was successfully achieved when root, stem and leaf aseptic explant was cultured on MS medium supplemented with NAA and BAP plant growth regulators. The experimental design used in this study was Completely Randomized Design (CRD). MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L IBA + 0.5 mg/L BAP found to be the optimum medium for shoot regeneration with 5.367±0.768 shoot per explant. Meanwhile 2.0 mg/L NAA shows the optimum medium for leaf and root explant for root induction producing 7.567±0.498 and 8.767±0.707 roots per explant. Micropopagation of Brassica oleracea var. Italica was successfully achieved through plant tissue culture process and proven to be a good alternative to conventional planting.

Keywords: organogenesis, in vitro, Murashige and Skoog medium, seedlings, plantlets.

Title: Organogenesis of Brassica oleracea var. italica Through In Vitro Culture

Author: Azis, N.A., Hasbullah, N. A., Rasad, F.M., Daud, N. F., Lassim, M.M

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infects nearly ten million individuals worldwide every year and problem is even worst due to increase in number of multi drug resistance. Tuberculosis elimination program under National Strategic Plan need progressive studies on protein, enzyme and pathways of Mtb. This would facilitate the urgent need to design and development of additional novel/potent antitubercular agents. The Lysine/DAP biosynthetic pathway is a promising target as it finds specific role in cell wall and amino acid biosynthesis. In this study, we predominantly aimed an enzyme DapE from M. tuberculosis H37Rv (Mtb-DapE) consists of 354 amino acids with a theoretical molecular weight of 37,240 Daltons. Mtb-DapE gene was amplified and cloned into bacterial expression vectors. The recombinant DapE protein was successfully purified from inclusion bodies with a high yield. This structurally compatible well folded protein as assessed by the CD spectral analyses could thus be useful for advanced anti-tubercular targeting studies.

Keywords: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Lysine/DAP biosynthetic pathway, DapE, Protein.

Title: Cloning, expression, and refolding of N-succinyl-l-l diaminopimelic acid desuccinylase (DapE) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Author: Chinmay P. Umbarkar, Prashant S. Thakre, Supriya A. Kashikar, Niraj A. Ghanwate, Vinod B. Agarkar

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

Research Publish Journals