Vol 7 Issue 3 July 2019-September 2019

Abstract: Contamination of water bodies by heavy metals is a serious health hazard not only to the aquatic biota but also to their predator. The degree of contamination is a function of bioavailability. This work was aimed at assessing the differential bioaccumulation of heavy metals (Zinc, Lead, Cadmium, Chromium, Aluminium, Copper and Iron) in liver and skeletal muscles of Tilapia zilli. The liver was used for its role in detoxification and the skeletal muscle for been the part of fish mostly consumed. Tilapia zilli was exposed to three liquid habitats for a period of 72 hours. Station A situated upstream of river Challawa, Station B situated downstream of river Challawa, a control obtained from Tigga Dam where test models were obtained from. Analysis of liquid habitats showed that all the liquid habitats had levels of heavy metal above limits set by the Federal Ministry of Environment for Surface water, except in few cases where the control had levels below set limits. Results of Bioaccumulation factor show that heavy metals were bioaccumulated in the following order: Zn>Fe>CU> Cd>Al>Cr>Pb, Liver had higher bioaccumulation potential as compared to the skeletal muscles of Tilapia zilli. Despite the low levels of heavy metals bioaccumulated by the skeletal muscle as compared to the liver, continuous consumption of contaminated fish still poses a serious threat to consumers. The observed level of heavy metals show that the Challawa River is highly polluted and continuous monitoring and proper effluent treatment must be observed to reduce the level of deterioration of the aquatic ecosystem.

Keywords: bioaccumulation, tilapia zillii, heavy metals, aquatic habitat.

Title: Heavy Metal Bioaccumulation Potential of Liquid Habitat from River Challawa to Tillapia zilli

Author: Ovye Akyengo, Bawa Inalegwu, Ogo A. Ogo, Jacob Aondongusha Jato

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Generally soil characteristics made up of two properties namely physical like soil moisture, soil texture and chemical like soil organic carbon, soil pH, nitrogen, available phosphorus and micronutrients (trace elements Cu, Fe, Mn & Zn) to be important to forest productivity. This study was aimed to investigate soil health analysis for wildlife habitat improvement like shelter and food, forest productivity, appropriate plantation, grassland and describe the forest soil of Mathwad forest range Alirajpur District Madhya Pradesh India. A total of 30 soil samples were collected from different forest compartments of the study area with their GPS coordinates and analyzed physical and chemical properties according to standard procedures. Results shows that organic carbon soil varies from 0.96 to 2.38 which was medium to high and equivalent to 1.66 to 4.10 per cent organic matter and nitrogen, phosphorous contents all the soil samples were in optimum level. The soil pH optimal for the health of most plants N, P, and K were in adequately quality for the growth and development of forest plants. Although the soil contains high quality of micro nutrients, the availability will not be in toxic level because of the natural pH. 

Keywords: Mathwad, Tribals, Soil, NPK, Vegetation pH, Organic carbon, soil texture, Micronutrient.

Title: Physical and Chemical Properties of Soil: Indicator of Forest Health and Ecosystem of Mathwad range

Author: Anjana Rajput, S.S. Yadav, Prashant

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of supplementation of different levels of chitosan on the growth performance parameters and feed intake of fast growing yellow feather Chinese broilers. One hundred and sixty broiler birds at the age of 57 days were randomly assigned to four treatments and one control (eight replicates per treatment with four broilers per replicate). The control diet had no chitosan, and the treatment diets contained 0.005% 0.0125% 0.5% and 0.625% chitosan. They were after one week treatment.  The results showed as that compared with the control, body weight, feed efficiency, and weights gain was increase in all chitosan groups, although not much significant. The results showed that the maximum daily weight was higher in group five and lower in one, highest for total feed intake was group three and group two have lower total feed intake, for average feed intake group three was highest and group two was low in feed intake, average weight gain was observed higher in group five and lower was investigated in group two while for FCR group three have higher FCR and group five have lower among all others group. These results suggest that a low level of dietary chitosan diet for broilers tended to have better growth performance.

Keywords: body weight; yellow feather; broiler chickens; chitosan; feed intake; feed conversion.

Title: Effect of different feeding level of chitosan on feed intake and weight gain of yellow feather Chinses Broiler

Author: Muhammad Waseem Birmani, Gaowen, Muhammad Waseem Ghani, Cuiyanfeng, Wenchao Liu, Mei Xiao, Lilong An

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Sea turtles are marine aquatic animals whose lives range from shallow marine waters to deep-sea waters. All types of turtles are considered rare and protected. Conservation is an activity that is expected to prevent the extinction of turtles. One of the efforts to save and preserve turtles is through Semi Natural Hatching. Hatching of turtle eggs at long distances and long travel times has never been done at the hatching of olive ridley turtle eggs. The purpose of this study was to determine the success rate of egg hatching, the factors, and conditions that caused the eggs of olive ridley turtles do not hatch, as well as the sex ratio of the hatchlings. This research was conducted by measuring the depth of the nest, and calculating the number of hatchlings, as well as sampling and making zoological specimens for reproductive organs. The benefit of data collection on hatchery numbers is to provide information, knowledge and scientific evidence regarding the hatching success of olive ridley turtle eggs (Lepidochelys olivacea) incubated at the Turtle Conservation and Education Center (TCEC), Serangan.

Keywords: Olive Ridley Turtle, Eggs, Hatching Success, Sex Ratio, TCEC.

Title: HATCHING SUCCESS OF OLIVE RIDLEY SEA TURTLES (Lepidochelys olivacea) IN ARTIFICIAL HATCHERY IN TURTLE CONSERVATION AND EDUCATION CENTER (TCEC) SERANGAN

Author: Aidil Calvianto, Tjok Gede Oka Pemayun, Ida Bagus Windia Adnyana

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: The Mara River Basin is seen to support a wide range of human and ecosystem water needs. However, increased population growth, agricultural expansion, headwater deforestation, water abstractions, and untreated wastewater releases pollute and threaten the supply of sufficient and clean water to all stakeholders and sectors within the Mara River Basin. Increasing water demands in the upper basin in combination with contamination sources also seriously threaten the environmental flows needed to sustain wildlife in the Basin. This article will discuss the factors contributing to pollution in the Mara River within Kenya, identify the source of these pollutants and provide solutions and strategies that will stop pollution in the River. Regular and methodical monitoring and reporting of water quality across the basin and enforcement of regulations and laws is vital to achieving an integrated water resources management program that meets the needs of the various water use sectors, eradicates pollution and supports ecosystem needs in the Mara Basin.

Keywords: Pollution, river pollution, Mara River, Mara River pollution, Kenya.

Title: FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO POLLUTION IN THE MARA RIVER WITHIN KENYA

Author: Ali Khamis Manzu, Nellius Wambui Ng’ang’a, Peris Waruguru Wambugu, Weldon Ng’eno

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract:  The present study was conducted to examined the quality of commercially available canola meals (CM) using potassium hydroxide (KOH) solubility test. A total number of 30 samples from different traders were obtained over a period of one year and analyzed for chemical composition and KOH solubility. It was observed that mean CP content and KOH soluble protein was 35.39 and 74.41%, respectively. Moreover, 10% of the samples unsuccessful to fulfill acceptable KOH soluble protein range of 70-85% thus indicating excess or under heat treatment. This cautions for ensuring strict quality control of CM before incorporating into compound feeds for monogestric especially for poultry.

Keywords: Canola meal, potassium hydro-oxide, protein solubility, quality.

Title: Canola meal in poultry nutrition; solubility test to determine its protein quality

Author: Muhammad Waseem Birmani, Aamir Nawab, Muhammad Waseem Ghani, Gaowen, Wenchao Liu, Mei Xiao, Lilong An

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: A pilot study was conducted to reveal the spider diversity in Sirumalai hills of Dindigul district. The study was conceded out in Sirumalai Hills which is the western offshoot of the Eastern Ghats, lying between 10°07' - 10°18' N latitude and 77°55' - 78°12'.  The annual rainfall is around 1200 mm per year, with approximately 75 rainy days in two seasons. The maximum rainfall is recorded from the North-East monsoon (October-November). April- June is noted as the hot summer season. The humidity is maximum in the rainy months (91%) and minimum in the summer months (68%). A total of 112 species of spiders belonging to 78 genera of 35 families were collected from this area during this study period (June 2014- May2015). The maximum and minimum temperatures were recorded in the months of May (29.2°C) and January (18.3°C) respectively. This represents 10% of the total families recorded in India. Guild structure analysis of the collected spiders revealed 6 feeding guilds viz., orb-web builders, foliage hunters, ground hunters, sheet web builders, scattered line weavers and ambushers. The families Araneidae, Tetragnathidae, Salticidae and Thomisidae exhibited maximum species diversity. The dominant family was Araneidae with 17 species. Shannon index, Simpson index, and Margalef Richness index evaluated were 1.06, 0.103 and 8.4 respectively. Spiders belonging to different feeding guild and population were higher during monsoon and winter season. Because of the complex interaction of various climatic factors such as high rainfall and humidity, with topographical features, Sirumalai hills holds many smaller but diverse environmental niches which make this an important centre of speciation in Eastern Ghats.

Index terms: Spider diversity, Eastern Ghats, Sirumalai Hills, Araneidae.

Title: DIVERSITY AND STRUCTURE OF SPIDER ASSEMBLAGES IN SIRUMALAI HILLS, DINDIGUL DISTRICT, TAMILNADU

Author: K.KRISHNAVENI, C. KANDEEPAN

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Water is the basic necessity of life. Ingestion of water contaminated by human or animal excrement, containing pathogenic microorganisms can lead to Water borne infections. Cholera, typhoid and other diarrheal diseases are examples of such diseases. Contaminated drinking water used in the preparation of food or washing of hands and utensils with contaminated water can also lead to water borne disease. In India, over one lakh people die of water-borne diseases annually. The most common water borne pathogenic bacteria include Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp. and Vibrio cholerae.

A major section of the world population still relies on natural remedies like medicinal plants for their primary treatment against infections. Medicinal plants either as pure compounds or as standardized extracts provide unlimited opportunities for new drug leads because of the unmatched availability of chemical diversity. Madhuca indica, majorly found in central parts of India, also called as Mahua, is known to possess various medicinal properties. 

In the present study, the leaves and bark of Madhuca indica were screened for their antimicrobial potential against the above mentioned water borne pathogenic bacteria. The primary screening of the extracts was done by Agar Ditch Method. The MIC determination was carried out using Agar Cup Method. The best extracts showed activity in the range of 5mg/ml to 7.5 mg/ml. The antioxidant potential of the extracts was determined using DPPH method which gave around 96 - 97 % activity. The primary phytochemical screening of the extracts was done by Thin Layer Chromatography.

Keywords: Antibacterial, Antioxidant, Madhuca indica, Medicinal plants, Phytochemical screening, Water, Water borne infections.

Title: MADHUCA INDICA – A HIGHLY POTENT REMEDY TO TACKLE WATER BORNE INFECTIONS

Author: Swapnil Kamble, Padma Deshmukh, Anand Maurya

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: The rich aquatic fauna of Assam especially the fishes often face the challenge of parasitic infestation. Channapunctata is often infected by different parasites which lead to different physiological changes. In present study, histological structure of gill, liver and kidney of parasite infested Channapunctata is studied. The liver of the infested fish showed vacuolar degeneration, necrosis and extensive tissue damage near portal vein. Gills showed degenerative and necrotic changes of gill lamellae, mucus cell and also epithelium detachment. Kidney also showed sign of infection, vacuole formation and tissue damage. The infestation also affects the behavior and growth of fish.

Keywords: Parasites, Channapunctata, necrosis, vacuole.

Title: Histopathological study of parasite infested Channa punctata.,

Author: Hena Parbin, Banasri Mech

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract:  The changes in the water potentials in the environment can cause drastic negative effect in the cellular activities of plants.  Drought stress being one of the major abiotic stresses results in reduced growth and productivity. Various morphological, biochemical and physiological mitigations occur within the plant system to cope up with effects of such stress.  Results of the study intiated to evaluate the responses of the PEG- 6000 induced drought stress in in-vitro regenerated plants of Sree Reshmi cultivar of Colocasia esculenta are presented here under.  The induced stress had the negative effect on fresh and dry weight, plant height, relative water content and total chlorophyll content. Levels of certain oxidative stress markers viz., hydrogen peroxide, proline, malondialdehyde, ascorbic acid and glutathione were elevated relative to control.  Antioxidative enzymes, ascorbate peroxidase, gauaicol peroxidase and glutathione reductase were significantly enhanced, whereas, activity of catalase was reduced in time dependent manner. β- Amylase, a metabolic enzyme was moderately enhanced in the stressed plants. The plants were able to rehydrate and grow upon re-watering. The paper discusses contribution of above mentioned factors to abiotic stress response in in-vitro regenerated Colocasia esculenta.

Keywords: Colocasia esculenta, Sree Reshmi cv. induced water stress, PEG-6000, antioxidant enzymes, drought tolerance.

Title: Responses of In-Vitro Regenerated Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott to PEG induced drought stress

Author: Anupama, N., Devaraj, V.R.,  Tejavathi, D.H.

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Azaserine is an analogue of glutamine and a drug used for treatment of pancreatic cancer. Our goal was to understand the antagonistic role of azaserine and the underlying mechanism of drug interactions against certain target molecules viz, membrane bound protein -Gamma glutamyl transferase, rate limiting enzyme-Glutamine fructose amido transferase, and muscarinic acetylcholine enzyme (M3) receptors. Protein-Ligand interaction has a significant role in structure-based drug studies. ADMET screened compound showed good solubility, absorption at (3 level). The internalization of the drug is moderate in intestine and cannot enter blood brain barrier. The rate of degradation and elimination of the drug is notable faster. Also, screened compound is free from noxious effect of hepatotoxicity, followed by no evidence of interacting with liver enzymes. Finally, the compound after docking showed interactions with the target proteins and binding energy levels were significant indicating the inhibitory role of azaserine. Our studies therefore reveal the mechanism of interaction at molecular levels and strong binding ability of drug to target molecules to inhibit their activity. Role of azaserine as a M3 antagonist is a model to understand mechanisms to prevent cancer cell growth and metastasis, which needs further investigation. 

Keywords: Docking, Azaserine, Binding energy, Gamma glutamyl transferase, Glutamine fructose amido transferase, muscarinic acetylcholine enzyme (M3) receptors.

Title: ROLE OF AZASERINE IN INHIBITION OF GLUTAMINE FRUCTOSE AMIDO TRANSFERASE, GAMMA GLUTAMYL TRANSFERASE AND MUSCARINIC ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR ACTIVITY: An In-silico approach

Author: Mandyam Venkatesh, Avijit Maity, Subramanyam Muthangi. V. V.

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstracts: This study was carried out to analyze the profitability of oil palm seedling production in Ondo-West Local Government Area of Ondo State.  The specific objectives were to describe the socio-economic characteristics of oil palm seedling producers, estimate cost and return of oil palm seedling production, determine the profitability of oil palm seedling production and factors affecting the production of oil palm seedling production in the study area. A multi stage sampling technique was used to select 150 respondents. Descriptive statistical tools such as frequency tables and percentages were used to describe socio economic characteristics of respondents. Gross margin analysis was used to estimate cost and return, benefit cost ratio and return on investment were used to determine the profitability while regression analysis was used to determine the factors affecting oil palm seedling production in the study area.  The result showed that majority of the respondents are males (80%), aging (62%), literate (88%), while 64% had 4-9years of experience in oil palm seedling production. The result further revealed a return of ₦8887560 and profit of ₦2.88 was generated. The regression analysis showed that Age, marital status, level of education, major occupation and source of funding all had negative relationships on returns but insignificant. Source of sprout nut was positively significant at 1% indicating that an increase in the source of sprout nut will lead to an increase in returns.The study recommended that producers should be encouraged to join farmers’ societies for easy access to credit facilities, production inputs, and also good pricing regimes should be introduced.

Keywords: oil palm seedlings, profitability, returns, production.

Title: PROFITABILITY OF OIL PALM SEEDLINGS IN ONDO STATE, NIGERIA

Author: Adejo, A. S., Oyinlade, T. K., Oyeleke, M. O., Bello, S. A

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: The present study is to explore the nutritional aspects of protein hydrolysate of Tuna (Thunnus albacores, Bonnaterre, 1788) emphasize on biochemical composition, and minerals. Protein hydrolysate was prepared from Dark and White meat of Tuna by enzymatic hydrolysis. Enzyme digestion was carried out with the enzyme Papain. Nutritional evaluation of fish includes moisture TDMH 9.4% and TWMH 10%, Protein TDMH 72% and TWMH 70%, Fat TDMH 3.32% and TWMH 3.9%, and Ash TDMH 12.95% and TWMH 13.42% respectively. Minerals were found in a significant level in both the fish Phosphorous TDMH 1483mg/100g and TWMH 1657mg/100g, Potassium TDMH 26.89mg/100g and TWMH 31.92mg/100g Calcium TDMH 593.84mg/100g and TWMH 626.34mg/100g, Sodium TDMH 27.04mg/100g and TWMH 35.21mg/100g and Iron TDMH 88.2mg/100g and TWMH 196.8mg/100g. The heavy metals illustrated were Copper, Manganese, Zinc, Magnesium, Mercury and Chromium present in both the protein hydrolysate. The knowledge about the biochemical composition of the fish enhances the utility of the fish as good source of quality protein.

Keywords: Heavy metals, Mineral analysis and Proximate composition.

Title: Nutritional evaluation of Fish Protein Hydrolysate from Tuna, Thunnus albacares (Bonnaterre, 1788)

Author: E. B. Dana, V. G. Jinoy, Mathew Saleena

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: The present study is aimed to investigate the toxic effects of synthetic azo dye, tartrazine on reproductive toxicity in male adult rats. The rats were administered with tartrazine at doses of 100mg/kg bwt, 300 mg/kg bwt and 500 mg/kg bwt for 60 days. The body weights and weights of reproductive organs decreased in tartrazine administered groups as compared to control group. Results also revealed significant decrease in sperm parameters in tartrazine administered animals over controls. The circulatory level of testosterone was significantly low with increased activity levels of LH and FSH in tartrazine treated rats as compared to controls. Activity levels of the antioxidant enzymes, SOD, CAT, GR and Gpx were significantly reduced with increased activity levels of Lpx in epidydimis and testis of tartrazine treated groups. The results of the present study concluded that tartrazine reduces testosterone and induces oxidative stress in testis thereby suppressed reproduction in adult male rats.

Keywords: Tartrazine, male reproduction, testosterone, oxidative stress, rat.

Title: Tartrazine, a male reproductive supressor in adult albino rats

Author: A.Meghapriya, B.Kishori

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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