Vol 6 Issue 4 October 2018-December 2018

Abstract: DNA Isolation is a necessary protocol in Molecular Biology Research. Comparative Optimized DNA Isolation Protocol for six accessions of Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas [L] lam.) in Nigeria using FTA Plant saver card and DNA Zol was carried out with the aim of establishing a suitable and effective DNA extraction protocol from the leaves of sweet potato by comparing the bands formed after amplification using 5 Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) primers. The accessions (Mothers Delight, King J, Butter Milk, DanZaria, NR 8164 and 87/TIS0087) collected from the National Root Crop Research Institute (NRCRI) Abuja, Nigeria were used as plant materials. Young leaves from the tip of the main vine of 20 days old plants were obtained and subjected to FTA Plant saver card and DNA Zol extraction protocols. Polymerase Chain Reaction in a touch down fashion and Agarose gel electrophoris were then performed on the extracted DNA and the bands formed were viewed under U-V light. The result showed that although both the FTA Plant Saver card and DNA Zol extraction method were able to extract a considerable amount of DNA, the bands formed from the DNA extracted using DNA Zol extraction protocol were more intense and clearer than those formed from the DNA extracted through FTA Plant Saver Card. This is due to the fact that DNA Zol utilised a higher amount of total genomic DNA than FTA plant Saver card for amplification. The DNA Zol extraction protocol is therefore recommended as an effective and efficient DNA extraction protocol for the potato plant.

Keywords: DNA Isolation, FTA plant saver card, DNA Zol, Sweet potato, Protocol, Accession, Amplification, Bands, Polymerase Chain Reaction and Molecular Biology.

Title: COMPARATIVE OPTIMIZED DNA ISOLATION PROTOCOLS FOR SIX ACCESSIONS OF SWEET POTATO (Ipomoea batatas [L] Lam.) IN NIGERIA USING FTA PLANT SAVER CARD AND DNA ZOL

Author: Ubelejit Alfred, Godspower Ekeruo, Sunday Ameh, Stephen Amos

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: The study was aimed at determining the effects of global warming on microbiota of the Great Kwa River in Cross River State. Water and sediment samples were collected from the river at different points and were subjected to standard microbiological and physicochemical protocols. The samples were analyzed for heterotrophic bacterial and fungal counts and physicochemical qualities of the river. The results obtained indicate that the water and sediment samples showed remarkable variations in physicochemical parameters during the wet and dry seasons. Nineteen microbial species with variable distribution and prevalence were isolated comprising of ten (10) bacterial and nine (9) fungal species. This study revealed valuable information about the periodic and seasonal changes in anthropogenic and environmental gradients that occur in the water samples of Great Kwa River.

Keywords: Global warming, great Kwa river, microbiota, greenhouse gases.

Title: Effects of global warming on microbiota of the great Kwa river in Cross River State, Nigeria

Author: Bassey, I.U., Andy, I. E., Akpanke, J. and Udoh, I.S.

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: The study was conducted to identify the potential distribution of Bruguiera sexangula, a threatened mangrove species in the Kerala region using ecological niche modeling. Of the 19 bioclimatic and six topographic variables, only three variables viz., Annual Precipitation, Dem and Mean Diurnal Range positively influence the distribution of this mangrove species. The potential distribution is found to be high in the backwater areas in Alapuzha and Ernakulam districts especially the mangrove patches of Chellanam, Panangad, Vypin Pattanakkad, Ezhupunna, Eramallur and Thuravur areas. The potential predicted distribution information of this species can be helpful in planning, conservation of existing populations, identification of survey sites, and to set priorities for the restoration in natural habitats.

Keywords: Ecological niche modeling, Bruguiera sexangula, Distribution, Maxent.

Title: DISTRIBUTION MAPPING AND CONSERVATION OF Bruguiera sexangula (LOUR.) POIR., KERALA, INDIA

Author: Harishma, K.M., Sasi, R., Sreekumar, V.B., Sandeep, S

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Healthy diet and lifestyle modifications are paramount for weight management in obese individuals. The purpose of this case study was to determine the effect of an Integrated Approach, that includes diet and lifestyle modifications, on the body weight of a morbidly obese individual. The subject of this case study was a 34-year old man who presented with 43% body fat and a BMI of 47.1 kg/m2. Upon reviewing the case history, the doctor decided to treat the subject for a period of 9 months using the Integrated Approach that included nutritional therapy, ayurvedic herb support, vitamins, minerals, dietary supplements, regular exercise and lifestyle modifications. Modifications to lifestyle and food plan were made by the nutritionist following each weekly visit based on the subject’s progress. With the Integrated Approach the patient managed a 18% reduction in his body fat, in addition to experiencing relief from acidity and constipation. His weight reduced from 137.2 kg to 67.5 kg in 1 year and 9 months.

Keywords: Integrated Approach, Morbid Obesity, Nutrition, Ayurveda.

Title: Management of Type II Morbid Obesity, Muscle Stiffness, Acidity and Constipation using an Integrated Approach

Author: Anjali Mukerjee

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Copper is necessary for the growth and development of plants. However, high concentration of Cu exerts extreme toxic effects, resulting in inhibition of growth and development. In the present communication, results on toxic effects of copper on rooting and sprouting regeneration and growth characteristics of the mulberry cuttings, Morus alba L. are reported under hydroponic culture experiments. In total, 8 concentrations of copper chloride solutions, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.0 and 1.5 mg/l were considered, apart from control, distilled water alone. Distilled water/CuCl2 solutions in the experimental beakers were replaced every alternative day. Regeneration characteristics of rooting and sprouting like rooting %, sprouting %, time (in days) taken for initiation of rooting and sprouting were considered. Growth attributes root of mulberry cuttings, such as root length, number of roots and weight of roots were taken. Also, growth attributes of mulberry cuttings sprouting like shoot length, number of leaves produced, weight of leaves and leaf area were recorded. Using the recorded data, Tolerance Index (TI) and Phytotoxicity variables were evaluated. Macroscopic data were subjected to regression analysis and ANOVA to indicate the statistical authenticity.

Rooting in mulberry cuttings was initiated on day 16 of experimentation under control conditions while the same was delayed under experimental conditions. Rooting was 82% for control cuttings while it increased for initial low concentrations of Cu up to 0.05 mg/l and thereafter, it drastically reduced. Shooting in mulberry was initiated on day 8. No change in shooting initiation time was observed for most of Cu concentrations. All root growth attributes (root length, number of roots and root weight) recorded high values for initial two Cu concentrations (0.025 and 0.050 mg/l) over control mulberry cuttings and there after the attributes decreased. In the case of shoot growth attributes, all the four parameters (shoot length, number of leaves, leaf weight and leaf area) did not show any statistical variations up to 0.25 mg/l Cu concentration compared to control. The last two Cu concentrations (1.0 and 1.5 mg/l) induced neither rooting nor shooting in mulberry cuttings. Tolerance Index (TI) was more for mulberry cutting shooting characters while it was low for mulberry cutting rooting characters. On the contrary, phytotoxicity was less for mulberry cutting sprouting compared to mulberry cutting rooting. From the data, it is clear that the effective concentration for Cu ranged between 0.025 to 0.050 mg/l.

Keywords: mulberry, Morus alba, rooting, sprouting copper, toxicity, effective concentration.

Title: Toxic effect of Copper on rooting and sprouting characteristics of the mulberry (Morus alba L.) cuttings

Author: A. Yerranna, P. Lakshminarayana Reddy, B. Sujatha, S. Sankar Naik

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Present study deals with Ethnobotanical survey of aquatic plants of Kanker city, the present work conducted to identify nature of macrophytes that found in ponds of Kanker city. Kanker a dense forest area named Dandkarayana. Kanker town is on the national highway NH-30. It lies between the two well developed cities of Raipur (capital of C.G.) and Jagdalpur (Head quarter of baster.) River Doodhnadi flow through the city. Kanker city is made up of small pocked of hills. The main ponds of Kanker city are Dandiya talab, Mahurband talab, Raja talab and sheetla talab. Ethnobotany is the study of which people of particular culture and reason make use of indigenous plants in other words ethno botany suggested the fundamental role of plants in different culture including medicinal purposes. The occurrence of various habit from of aquatic macrophytes growing in the ponds of Kanker city namely Dandiya, Raja talab were studied during survey. The study period was from july 2014- june 2015. The ponds water surface is not related to aquatic macrophyte species the margin are of pond shows large number of plants species. Total 17 macrophyte are identified according to our survey report namely Nelumbo nucifera –(Nymphaceae) Ipomoea aquatica and Marsilea quadrifolia, Trapa bispinosa, Nelumbo, Sagittaria, Typha, Azolla, Pistia, Eichhornia sps, Ceratophyllam demersum-, Commelina benghlensis , Hydrilla  verticillata–.In this paper the ethnobotany of aquatic plants is presented. Here ethno-botanically interesting plants are given with their uses. Total 17 Aquatic plants have been reported in this paper.

Keywords: Ethnobotany, Kanker, Aquatic plants, Macrophyte, Dandkarayana.

Title: Ethnobotanical Survey of Aquatic Plant in Kanker City Chhattisgarh (India)

Author: R.Kuldeep, Dr. V.Acharya

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Though post-mortem preserved sperms were shown to be useful in developing restoration procedures, there is a limitation in use due to their quality. Cryoprotectants currently under use are known to play a key role in retaining sperm quality but their impact on sperms under post-mortem is yet to be explored. Sperm motility is considered as the one of the most important quality to attain fertilization success. Chemical quality and microbial growth of stored semen decides the sperm quality. Hence the present study is carried out to study the changes in semen pH and microbial load in Cyprinus carpio post – mortem preserved directly or in suspension with Dimethylacetamide (DMA). This study showed that no significant change occurs in semen pH upon post – mortem preservation without / with DMA for upto 90 days compared to the control group maintained at room temperature. Further at PMP temperatures microbial growth was found to be kept significantly low indicating that preservation procedures including DMA utility did not induce any microbial contamination.

Keywords: C. carpio, Post-Mortem Preservation, Dimethylacetamide, Semen pH, Microbial growth.

Title: Changes in semen pH and microbial load of post-mortem preserved Cyprinus carpio suspended in Dimethylacetamide

Author: D. Sai Vinathi, V. Kalarani

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the oldest diseases known to affect humans and a major cause of death worldwide. TB is caused by bacteria of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and characterised by coughing of blood, wasting, spinal deformity, bone defects and deaths.  Treatment of TB requires administration of various types of drugs for six months. However, most Mtb strains have developed resistance against many types of these drugs. Drugs resistance is focused on many mechanisms such as modification of drug metabolism pathways, bacterial cell wall, inactivation of drug by enzyme, activation of efflux pumps, and modified drug target among others.  The cell wall of Mtb confers robust protection against any drugs or immune mediators and allows bacterial survival in very harsh condition. The plasma membrane separates the cytosol from the waxy coat which is made up of a granular layer composed of proteins leading to the periplasmic layer where peptidoglycan (PG) is connected to the Mycolic acid chains by arabinogalactan (AG). PG and AG together forms the insoluble cell wall skeleton. GL is Glycolipid, TMM is trehalose monomycolate, PL is Phospholipid and TDM is trehalose 6,6-dimycolate.  MmpL, most successful drug target, are involved in the transport of various substrate especially lipids across cell membrane and represent one of the most important virulence factors of Mtb.  The objective of this summary review is to describe the role of cell wall in Mtb resistance.

Keywords: Tuberculosis; Mycobacterium; Mycolic acid; MmpL; resistance.

Title: The Role of Cell Wall in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Resistance: Summary Review

Author: Amnah Alzaidi

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: An experiment was carried out to evaluate the genotype and standardize the seed weight on root stock production was laid out in a Factorial completely randomized block design, replicated thrice with twenty treatment combinations. It consisted of five different genotypes of jack collected from Panruti (G1), Virdhachalam (G2), A. Puthur (G3), Kadampuliyur (G4) and Neyveli (G5) with four different seed weight 4 g (W1), 5 g (W2), 6 g (W3) and 7 g (W4). The results of the experiment revealed that, among these genotypes, G1 (AH-1) was the promising one in achieving maximum value for the characters like, shoot length, number of leaves, leaf area, stem girth, vigour index  and fresh weight of the seedlings which was followed by  G4 (AH-4). Among the various seed weight tried, the above said characters were favourably enhanced by W4 (7g) followed by W3 (6g).  Among the various factorial combinations, rootstocks produced from 7g seed of Panruti collection (G1W4) recorded the maximum values for these growth characters. This was followed by 7g seed of Kadampuliyur collection achieved (G4W4) the next best value for these characters.

Keywords:  Jack, Rootstock, Genotype, Seed weight.

Title: EVALUATION OF GENOTYPE BASED ON SEED WEIGHT FOR THE ROOTSTOCK PRODUCTION IN JACK (Artocarpus heterophyllus LAM.)

Author: T. UMA MAHESWARI, K. NIVETHA

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Positive mental health is a benign interactive state that promotes personality traits or sustainable development of personality and social environment. To provide data support for the study of college students' mental health and positive mental health education, this paper tries to use the Internet to investigate the mental health and bearing stress of contemporary college students. The results showed that: (1) Although 37.68% and 31.88% of college students showed the optimistic and open-minded attitude towards life, 7.25% and 9.42% of them were still not optimistic about life, reflecting their poor stress tolerance; (2) Contemporary college students have a strong sense of dependence. 7% of them can hardly deal with problems independently; (3) About 7% of the students completely couldn’t maintain a relaxed and happy mood, reflecting that this part of the students can't deal with various pressures well; (4) There exists a significant positive correlation between "I am a steady-going and balanced person" and "I am confident in general"; (5) Contemporary college students have a strong sense of self-identity.

Keywords: positive mental health, bearing pressure, college students, network survey.

Title: A Preliminary Network Survey of Positive Mental Health and Pressure-Bearing Ability of Contemporary College Students

Author: Han Xiyang

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Pectin lyase and polygalacturonase production by fungal strain Aspergillus oryzae was carried out in solid-state fermentation. Aspergillus oryzae produced polygalcturonase (PG) and pectin lyase (PL) on mixture of agro-industrial bioproduct in solid state fermentation. To select the optimum growth condition for maximum enzyme production, Mosambi baggage, wheat bran, Mosambi peel and lemon peel were used as substrate for the solid state fermentation process. These substrates were used as sole constituent of media. The Enzyme (wheat bran) was purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation, dialysis and ion exchange chromatography. In the present studies the main objective was to explore new natural source as a substrate for the production of pectinase. Wheat bran act as a best natural source for the production of enzyme from Aspergillus oryzae. The enzyme was purified up to 67.2% fold successfully. It could be employed for extraction of juices as well as clarification with improved quality.

Keywords: Aspergillus oryzae, polygalacturonase, pectin lyase, agro-industrial bioproduct, solid-state fermentation.

Title: Production and purification of Pectinase by fungal strain in solid-state fermentation using agro-industrial bioproduct

Author: Dange V.U., Harke S.

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: The genus Drosophila shows diverse preference of food. To determine food preference in constant laboratory temperature, collected drosophila were cultured and they were used for study of food preference in different natural and artificial foods. Three experiments were conducted and it is found that in without yeast medium, larva, pupa never develops. When natural and artificial foods are given at the same time, the cultured drosophila in artificial medium still prefers natural food. In course of study it was found that drosophila which was collected from wild area of Tiger-Hill forest (26.9967° N, 88.2944° E), could not survive in artificial food medium because of their specificity of food. It was found that, they prefer mango as a seasonal fruit and they can detect the sweetness of artificial sweetener. It was also found that they never come in salted food items.

Keywords: artificial food, sex comb, culture, pupa, Yeast, Propionic acid, ethanol.

Title: A STUDY ON FOOD PREFERENCE IN DROSOPHILA POPULATION IN EX-SITU CONDITION

Author: Mayukh Bhattacharya, Willie Henry, Rujas Yonle, Rakesh Verma

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: In this comprehensive review authors gave emphasis on the complexity of the taxonomy and systematics of AM fungi which are obligate in nature and form a mutually symbiotic association with the roots of higher plants since the evolution land pants. It is discussed in detail how initially the identification and classification of AM fungi was based on solid morphological characters and resulted in profuse description of new species. It is also discussed how the recent advancement in the field of molecular tools and techniques has revolutionized the taxonomy and systematics and as a result many robust classification of AM fungi has come. At the end it is also discussed that how the new classifications are based on morphological and ontogenic characters of AM fungal spores as well as consensus nucleotide sequences (SSU, ITS, LSU, β-tubulin and nrDNA).

Keywords: Spore morphology, Wall layers, SSU, ITS, LSU, β-tubulin, nrDNA, Ontogeny, Phylogeny.

Title: Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi: Taxonomy and its Systematics

Author: Harbans Kaur Kehri, Ovaid Akhtar, Ifra Zoomi, Dheeraj Pandey

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: The present paper deals with two new Black Mildew Fungi, namely Meliola bhimashankarensis sp. nov. and Prillieuxina dichapetali sp. nov. belongs to family  Meliolaceae and Asterinaceae, respectively. These Black Mildews occur on the leaves of Dichapetalum gelonioides (Roxb.) Engl (Dichapetalaceae), collected from Bhimashankar. The detail morphological description, colour photographs, line drawings and discussions are provided here.

Keywords: Bhimashankar Wildlife Sanctuary, Black Mildew, Fungi, Taxonomy.

Title: TWO NEW BLACK MILDEW FUNGI FROM BHIMASHANKAR, MAHARASHTRA, INDIA

Author: Sonali Lonkar, Chandrahas Patil, Chandrakant Salunkhe

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: The present study was carried out to determine proximate biochemical composition of Puntius sophore, such as moisture, ash, protein, lipid, carbohydrate and pH in fresh fish samples were collected from the river Bhima of Pune district (M.S.) India. The changes in proximate biochemical compositions in ice preserved condition of the fishes for 7 days and 14 days period were also investigated for to know the freshness and nutrional state of fish. The fish comprised of 71.62 ± 0.04 % moisture, 3.99 ± 0.07 % ash 16.85 ± 1.13 %  protein, 5.62 ± 2.02 % lipid, 1.92 ± 0.12 % carbohydrate and 6.24 ±0.05 pH in fresh condition. The amount of protein and lipid content reduced while amount of moisture, ash, carbohydrate and pH increased in 7 days and 14 days ice preserved condition.

Keywords: Puntius sophore, Protein, Lipid, River Bhima, ice preservation.

Title: Proximate biochemical composition and nutritional status of Puntius sophore (Hamilton 1822) in fresh and ice preserved condition of the river Bhima of Pune district (M.S.) India

Author: Tanaji Kashid, Daulat Sonawane

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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