Vol 6 Issue 4 October 2018-December 2018

Abstract: Labour input remains a major factor of production in agricultural sector. It includes those that are rated on daily, hourly and monthly basis depending on the job description. Wage rate of agricultural Labourers is generally below the minimum wage of 18,000 in Nigeria. The paper attempts to identify Wage Rate Determination Theory and its Relevance to Agricultural Sector. The study was conducted in Nigeria and secondary data was used for the study. Results from the study reveal that Subsistence theory, Wages fund Theory, The Surplus value theory of Wages, Residual claimant Theory, Marginal productivity Theory, The bargaining theory of wages, Behavioural theories as the relevant theories of wage also the from the study Agricultural growth, Food prices and food security, Labor supply and Minimum wages are some of the factors affecting wage rate determination in Nigeria going forward Excess Working Hours, Seasonal Employment, Low Wages, Agricultural Slavery, Indebtedness, Weak institutional framework, Exploitation of Child and Women Laborers, Lower Social Status, Shortage of Other Jobs, Housing Problem are the problems agricultural labour. The study therefore recommends that a fast and sustainable measures be put in place to ensure that farm labourers get proper pay for their work also an institutional body be put in place that will oversee the activities of farm employer and employee.

Keywords: Wage Rate, Agricultural Labour, Nigeria.

Title: WAGE RATE DETERMINATION THEORY AND ITS RELEVANCE TO AGRICULTURAL SECTOR

Author: Professor Idisi, Park O., Dr (Mrs.) Ogwu, Joyce Ibunkun, Mrs Aliyu Aisha Ozioma

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Histopathological changes used as biomarkers in the evaluation of the health of fish exposed to effluents. One of the advantage of using histopathological biomarkers in environmental monitoring is allows examining specific target organ like gill is responsible for vital functions such as respiration, detoxification, excretion and co-ordination. The freshwater fish, Oreochromis mossambicus exposed to electroplating effluent for a period of 7, 14 and 21 days and histopathological changes were analyzed by light and scanning electron microscopy. The main histopathological changes were edema, lifting of lamellar and filamentary epithelia and lamellar fusion, cell proliferation with consequent thickening of the filament epithelium also found in fishes exposed to the electroplating effluent. The severities of the lesions increased with the time of exposure namely the hyperplasia of the epithelial cells with the proliferation of filament are epithelium and fusion of lamellar observed at 21 days. Additionally, several histopathological results obtained by light microscopy were confirmed through scanning microscopy.

Keywords: Oreochromis mossambicus, Gills, Histopathology, Electroplating effluent.

Title: A STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF ELECTROPLATING EFFLUENT AND ITS HISTOPATHOLOGICAL AND SEM ANALYSIS IN THE GILLS OF FRESH WATER FISH, OREOCHROMIS MOSSAMBICUS

Author: Alaka Surendran, S. Binu Kumari, M. Mohan Kumar, Sruthi Gopinathan, T. Sujila, M. K. Drishya

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Hypoxia is a frequently encountered condition at high altitude. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 modulates vascular endothelial growth factor, glucose transporter, angiogenin and fibroblast growth factor in hypoxic condition. The aim of the study was to evaluate the promising benefits of bromelain (BR; 7 μg/ml) against cobalt chloride (CoCl2; 100 mM) induced hypoxia in Caco-2 cell line. The inference drawn from the study was CoCl2-induced hypoxia regulates hypoxia-inducible factor-1 by normalizing oxidative insult, which further leads to changes in cell morphology, DNA damage and apoptosis. BR pre-treated cell line has shown a noteworthy protection against CoCl2-induced cell morphology and apoptotic cell death. The study also confirms that the supplementation of BR could be helpful in regulating appetite at high altitude environments.

Keywords: Hypoxia, Cobalt chloride, HIF-1α, Bromelain.

Title: Ameliorative effects of bromelain on cobalt chloride-induced hypoxia in Caco-2 cell line

Author: Anusha M B, Naveen S, Phani Kumar G, Anilakumar K R

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Parthenium hysterophorus L. a noxious weed has spread in all states of India. It is spreading in agroecosystem and affecting the biodiversity and productivity of the agroecosystems. The present study was conducted in Department of Botany, J.P.University in laboratory condition to evaluate the phytotoxicity levels of different concentrations of aqueous extracts of leaves, stems and roots of Parthenium on the rate of seed germination, root and shoot length and Seed Vigour Index in Zea mays. The rate of seed germination, root length, shoot length and Seed Vigour Index in Z.mays decreased by 53 to 100%; 42.6 to 76.03%; 45.15 to 74.56% and 77.74 to 96.54%, respectively. In stem extract seed germination, root length, shoot length and SVI were inhibited which ranged from 3.33 to 96.67%; 6.30 to 95.22%; 37.40 to 77.38%; and 56.78% to 99.61%, respectively, whereas in root aqueous extract these values decreased by 5 to 28.75%; 1.39 to 27.91%; 27.74 to 66.93%; and 24.06 to 56.565. On the basis of phytotoxicity levels of the plant parts of Parthenium for Z.mays can be arranged as leaves > stems > roots. The phytotoxic impacts of leaves, stem and roots for seed germination, root and shoot length and SVI were significantly different at p < 0.000. Similarly the impact of treatments i.e. different concentrations of aqueous extracts of leaves, stems and roots also differed significantly for seed germination and growth parameters at p < 0.000. The interaction of plant parts and treatments were significantly different for germination (p < 0.000), for root length (p < 0.001) but for shoot length no significant differences occurred (p < 0.334).

Keywords: Parthenium hysterophorus, Phytotoxicity, Root length and shoot length, Seed germination, Seed Vigour Index.

Title: Phytotoxicity of Parthenium hysterophorus L. residues towards growth of Zea mays

Author: Raj Shikha, A.K.Jha

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: In present investigation, the acute toxicity of Basic blue 3 dye for fresh water bivalve Lamellidens marginalis (7-8 cm) for 96 hours. The static bioassay was conducted at 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85 ppm on fresh water bivalve Lamellidens marginalis. The mortality rate was recorded and the LC₀ and LC₅₀ values for 96 hours were found at 40 ppm and 70 ppm respectively. The physico chemical parameters of test water like temperature, pH, total hardness, Dissolved O₂, free CO₂, inorganic phosphate and nitrate was measured. By examining the biochemical profile against control in different tissues like gill, mantle, hepatopancrease and gonad, the effects of LC₀ and LC₅₀ concentration were evaluated. There was highly significant depletion (p < 0.001) in glycogen content at both the concentration (LC₀ and LC₅₀) in all tissues. Maximum protein content depletion (p < 0.001) was in Gill at LC₀ concentration compared to other tissues. While at LC₅₀ concentration, decrease in protein content was significant in hepatopancrease, gill, mantle and gonad. The gill and hepatopancrease showed maximum decrease (p < 0.001) in lipid content at both the concentration (LC₀ and LC₅₀)_.

Keywords: Basic blue 3 dye, Biochemical content, Lamellidens marginalis, LC₀, LC_50.

Title: Assessment of biochemical effects of acute exposure of Basic blue 3 dye in fresh water bivalve Lamellidens marginalis

Author: Miss. Rupali Suresh Khandekar, Dr. Dipak Vishwanathrao Muley

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Umbilical cord blood transplantation has limitations due to lesser number of Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSCs) in the graft, needed for efficient hematopoietic reconstitution. Besides that, problems in getting an appropriate HLA match and incidence of severe GvHD are inherent issues. Ex-vivo CD34+ HSC expansion is one of the key strategies to increase HSC numbers to meet the recommended dosage requirement. Recent reports have demonstrated the plasticity of CD34+ HSCs that helps differentiate them into various cell types including renal, cardiac, liver, neural, mesenchymal and muscle cells. This makes CD34+ cells yet another novel cell type for regular use in regenerative medicine applications.

Objective: The objective of this research was to establish a cost effective ex-vivo expansion of HSCs using perinatal MSCs as a feeder layer while maintaining stemness and functionality.

Method: We used a mixture of Mesenchymal Stem Cells derived from three perinatal sources (Umbilical cord tissue, placenta and amniotic sac) as a feeder layer for Ex-vivo expansion of CD34+ HSCs pooled from multiple cord blood units. The media used contained different concentrations of cytokines. A mix of different MSCs release abundant growth factors and cytokines much required for the maintenance of phenotype and functionality of CD34+ HSCs during expansion.

Results: We obtained average 30 fold expansion of CD34+ HSCs. It was a cost effective process. The functional characterization confirmed the stemness of the expanded cells.

Conclusion: MSCs from perinatal sources is a good option as a feeder layer for the Ex-vivo expansion of CD34+ HSCs. This source of MSC is ontogenetically naive and can produce more amounts of cytokines for sustainable HSC expansion.

Keywords: Ex-vivo expansion, CD34+ HSCs, Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Perinatal sources, Regenerative Medicine, Co-culture.

Title: A Mixture of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Perinatal Sources Supports Consistent Ex-vivo CD34+ Hematopoietic Stem Cell Expansion

Author: Sushilkumar Ramdasi, Chandra Viswanathan, Rohit Kulkarni, Abhijit Bopardikar, Raghwendra Kumar, Pradeep Somalapur, Poonam Pandey

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

Research Publish Journals