Vol 8 Issue 4 October 2020-December 2020

Abstract: Age related cataract (ARC) is an ocular disorder which causes the blindness within age. However, the genes protect the DNA against mutations because they perform an important role during the DNA repair mechanism, but some polymorphic variations may increase the genetic susceptibility of ARC during the DNA repair process. We aimed to determine the frequency of polymorphisms in a DNA repair gene X-Ray complementing group 1 (XRCC1) codon399 (rs25487) and codon194 (rs1799782) in patients of ARC and to evaluate the association with the risk of age related cataract (ARC). In the present case-control study, we used polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) to analyze XRCC1 codon399 and codon194 in 150 patients with ARC (cortical cataract (CC)- 27, nuclear cataract (NC)- 24, posterior sub-capsular (PSC)-64, and mixed type of cataract (MTC)-35) and in 150 age matched healthy controls. Our results revealed that polymorphism in XRCC1 codon399 (rs25487), there was no statistically significant difference for genotype GG  (p = 0.17) in both groups, but the data suggested that allele G  (OR- 1.48, 95%CI-1.06-2.08, p = 0.02) may be associated with an increased risk of ARC. There was no statistically significant difference was found for genotypes TT (OR-0.88, 95%CI-0.53-1.45, p = 0.62 ), CT (OR- 1.31, 95%CI-0.69-2.51, p = 0.40) and in allelic (allele C-OR- 1.09, 95%CI- 0.79-1.51, p = 0.56) distribution of XRCC1 codon194 (rs1799782) between ARC patients and controls.

Keywords: Age related cataract (ARC), single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), DNA repair gene, Polymorphism of XRCC1 gene.

Title: A case-control study on the polymorphism of DNA repair gene XRCC1 (rs25487 and rs1799782) and its association with age related cataract (ARC)

Author: Mandeep Kaur, Dr. Promila Mehta, Dr. Rajinder Singh Khalsa, Dr. Ginjinder Kaur

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: The present study of this work is to prepare a novel wound dressing composites are enriched with medicinal values which prevents the microbial contaminations and cell damage to the wounded surface. So that the films consist of antioxidant and antimicrobial properties are an appreciable one for the composite film. In this studies, gelatin is a proteinous substance isolated from the chicken feet along with sodium alginate, the composite films are prepared and these films are enriched with ethanolic extract of black turmeric (Curcuma Caesia Roxb). The composite films are prepared and characterised for FTIR, SEM, mechanical strength, water absorption studies and also evaluate the invitro studies such as antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. As the result, shows that the G-ALG-CC increased water absorption capacity and better mechanical properties of film in contrast to G-ALG.  The SEM and FTIR results exhibit the natural features of the composite film. The G-ALG-CC composite film possess significantly increased levels of antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. The Scanning Electron Microscope images of G-ALG-CC reveals the smooth surface of the film which is necessary requirement of the biomaterial. 

Keywords: Gelatin, alginate, black turmeric, curcuma caseia, composite film.

Title: Wound Healing Efficacy of Chicken Feet Gelatin and alginate Composite Films Blends with Black Turmeric (Curcuma Caesia Roxb.,) Extract

Author: S. Seethalakshmi, V. Ramnath, R. Anitha, J.John Robert, A.Arun

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Understanding cognition, the mechanisms by which animals acquire, process, store, and act on information from the environment is important because it can provide insight into animal’s affective and welfare state. In farm animals it may have links to production parameters of value but for this possibility to be explored cognitive ability have to be first established in the animals. Four breeds of sheep (n=15/breed) were subjected to two operant learning tasks using visual stimuli in an operant system to test their cognitive abilities in two experiments. Data on the response time, response time during right (I-R) and left (I-L) screen image presentations, number first time correct choice and number of corrections required to complete the task were collected and subjected to ANOVA. In experiment I, significant differences (p<0.01) in response time was found between breeds and also during right or left screen image presentations. However in experiment II, there was no significant difference between breeds in response time to complete task. Suffolk ewes made significantly (p<0.05) higher number of accurate responses and required fewer corrections in completing the task than the other breeds. There was also significant differences between sessions in response times, accurate responses, and corrections required to complete the task. The results demonstrate that ewes of the four breeds can master the cognitive task over time albeit at different rates. Tests of cognition in livestock may have application in animal welfare, but more systematic studies are needed to explore possible links with production traits.

Keywords: cognitive ability, breed, stimulus, learning task.

Title: Cognitive Ability in Four Breeds of Domestic Sheep

Author: Mohammed Umar Ali

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Medicinal plant Gymnema  sylvestre  (Asclepiadaceae) is a herb distributed throughout the world. The leaves showed antidiabetes, antimicrobial, antihypercholesterolemic, hepatoprotective and diuretic properties. Several active compounds such as, triterpenoid gymnemagenin, Gymnemic acid, Betaine, Beta-Carotene, Choline, Gymnemic-Acid, Niacin, Ascorbic-Acid have been reported from the leaves and  root. In India leaves are mainly used as hepatoprotective and immunostimulatory agent, skin cosmetics and in the treatment of asthma, eye complaints, inflammations, snake bite, diabetes and obesity. G. sylvestre is a rare plant overexploited by traditional healers across the world. Therefore, endophytes can serve as the best alternate source for the host plant. Therefore, the present work was carried out to study the endophytic fungi of G. sylvestre and their role in the production of therapeutic active compounds. Present study was undertaken to evaluate the phytochemical constituents in the fungal endophyte VAG-4.The presence of Phenols, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids and saponins were detected in both plant and fungal extracts. Among the phytochemicals detected in VAG-4, flavonoids (3.8%) were found to be maximum followed by phenols (2.1%), alkaloids (2.05%), saponins (1.08%), tannins (0.6%), terpenoids (2.8%). Similarly, the Plants reveals maximum of flavonoids (8.1%) followed by phenols (4.32%), alkaloids (3.75%), saponins (2.22%), tannins (1.2%) and terpenoids (5.8%). The fungal endophytes in isolation was found more efficient in producing secondary metabolites than its association with host plant.

Keywords: Gymnema sylvestre, Endophytic Fungi, Phytoconstituents, Secondary metabolites.

Title: Studies on Secondary Metaboloids From Potential Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Gymnema sylvestre R. Br

Author: AMBIKA VASANTAKUMAR, VIDYASAGAR G.M

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Hibiscus sabdariffa has been reported to have nutraceutical properties. Work done locally on different varieties was reported on main consumable portion, the calyxes. This research sought to include seeds and leaves. This research also sought to report on nutritional content found in the local traditional red variety, not reported prior. Extracts from sorrel’s calyxes, seeds, and leaves were analyzed for presence of carbohydrate, protein, lipid, iron, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and copper. Carbohydrate was higher in leaves and calyxes while protein and lipid were higher in seeds. Seeds had higher concentrations of copper along with lowest concentration of sodium and calcium; leaves had higher concentrations of magnesium, and iron; whilst calyxes had a higher concentration of potassium. While calyxes are main consumable portions locally, data suggested that leaves and seeds were sources of good nutrition. The presence of relatively high protein, carbohydrate, and lipid contents are indicative of possible anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. The heavy metals present could enhance human health. This study shows the Jamaican traditional red variety of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyxes, seeds, and leaves to have potential health benefits that can help in the prevention of diseases and contribute to good nutrition.

Keywords: Sorrel, Nutraceutical, Protein, Carbohydrate, Lipid, Heavy Metals.

Title: Nutritional Analysis of Jamaica’s Hibiscus sabdariffa (Sorrel Calyxes, Seeds, And Leaves)

Author: D. A. Chambers, P. A. Gyles., A. Miller

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: In the pre-indeoendence period, Indian agriculture was usually described as a gamble with monsoons. There used to be a great. deal of uncertainty about crop prospects, as monsoons played a decsive role in determining agricultural output and resulting in widespread famine and misery. As the green revolution was launched in Indias, substantial increase and production of food grains was achieved through the use of improved crop varieties and higher levels of inputs of fertilizers and plant protection chemicals. If society wishes to reduce environmental problems by recycling organic materials, it must either subsidize their use or offer some incentives to the farmer.

Keywords: Green Revolution, Indian agriculture, fertilizers, plant protection chemicals, environmental problems, organic materials.

Title: GREEN REVOLUTION: AN IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT

Author: Dr. Menka Sisodia

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: The effect of soaking and germination time on the anti-nutritional properties of lima bean seed was investigated. The seeds were soaked (6-24hrs) and germinated (24-120hrs), dehulled, dried milled into flour. The flour samples were analyzed for anti-nutrients such as phenol content, phytate, tannin, saponin, trypsin inhibitors, and cyanogenic glycosides. Response surface methodology was used to model the reduction in the anti-nutritional factors; the study evaluated the optimum condition for reduction of the anti-nutrients from 6-12 hrs soaking and 24-120hrs of germination. The result showed that the soaking and germination decreases significantly (p<0.05) the phenolic content from 28.26 to 18.53mg/g; phytate from 1.53mg/100g to 0.75mg/100g; alkaloids from 26.62mg/g to 8.47mg/g; oxalate from 0.91mg /100g to 0.08mg/100g; trypsin inhibitors from 5.41TIU/mg to 2.40TIU/mg; saponin from 17.34% to 7.06% and cyanogenic glycosides from 10.45mg/kg to 5.82mg/kg. The model is significant in evaluating the optimum condition of reducing the anti-nutrients.

Keywords: lima bean, soaking, germination, anti-nutrients, response surface methodology (RSM).

Title: EFFECT OF SOAKING AND GERMINATION ON THE ANTINUTRITIONAL FACTORS OF LIMA BEAN SEED FLOUR

Author: ADEBAYO, S. F, OKOLI, E. C, ABRAHAM, F. M

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Effect of ethanolic extract of Adhatoda vasica against gamma radiation induced changes in terms of body weight and spleen weight in Swiss albino mice was studied at post-irradiation intervals between 1 and 30 days. Mice exposed to 6 Gy gamma radiation showed radiation induced sickness including changes in body weight and spleen weight of mice. When ethanolic leaf extract of Adhatoda vasica was given orally at a dose of 900 mg/kg body weight prior to irradiation showed a significant protection. Mice were divided into four groups i.e. Group I containing normal mice served as control for each experimental groups; group II mice given 900 mg/kg body wt. of Adhatoda vasica extract orally for 15 days; group III mice were exposed to gamma radiation (6Gy) and group IV mice given Adhatoda vasica extract for 15 days then exposed to gamma radiation (6 Gy). There was significantly lesser degree of reduction in body weight and spleen weight to extract treated plus irradiated mice. But there was higher degree of reduction in irradiated mice body weight and spleen weight.

Keywords: Adhatoda vasica, gamma radiation, body weight, spleen and oral administration.

Title: Protective Effect of Adhatoda vasica leaf extract on body weight and spleen weight of gamma-irradiated mice

Author: Mahender Singh

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: The development of in vitro models of toxicity is required to decrease the dependence on potentially misleading in vivo animal studies. Research suggests that for certain systems, animal models are insufficient for toxicology testing. It is tedious to study all the functions of the liver in vivo, because of other organs interventions. Hence, the hepatocytes were cultured in vitro in order to study the different activities of the liver. Cadmium is one of the heavy metals which have toxic effects on the various organs and systems of the body. This paper evaluates whether cadmium induces alterations in the activity of alkaline phosphatase (AKP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) changes in chicken hepatocytes. The obtained results indicate that cadmium induced hepatocyte proliferation at different concentrations.

Keywords: Hepatocytes, Cadmium, Aspartate transferase, Alanine transferase, Alkaline phosphatase, Trypan blue dye.

Title: Stress induced biochemical analysis of hepatocyte proliferation in Chicken

Author: Aashoqullah Sajaad

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: On December 2019, approximately 65 individuals from an Indigenous People (IP) group in the Philippines gathered to celebrate “Halad”, a local term for a feast of thanks giving. Within hours of food consumption, 38 individuals experienced acute abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting. It was a coincident that during this time, our group composed of medical health workers and researchers was in the area doing an immersion to study their practices. 4 members of our team also experienced the same symptoms. No one from the patients want to be brought to the hospital since we are at the mountainous far flung area, so our team created a triage area to examine the patients; diagnostic area to collect stool specimen; nursing care area to provide immediate treatment; and evidence team to gather pertinent sample related to the incident. The trace-back investigation implicated that one of the food served during the “Halad” is positive in culture for enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus as the source of contamination. This staphylococcal food poisoning case resulted from effect of food contamination allowing growth and synthesis of staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) was found by ELISA in canned sardines which was added to the ferns to make up a fresh “fern salad” consumed by the people.

Keywords: Staphylococcal Food Poisoning, Enterotoxin A, Indigenous People, Fern salad.

Title: Staphylococcal Food Poisoning in an Indigenous Tribe in the Philippines

Author: Danilo Andro S. Garcia Jr., Gerardo Carmelo B. Salazar

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Arsenic is the most noxious metalloid affecting the aquatic organism by inducing oxidative stress and histopathological abnormalities in vital organs. Bihar is emerging as the hot spot to the arsenic toxicity next to West Bengal in India. Most of the districts of Bihar have the prevalence of arsenic in the ground water. In the present study the freshwater air breathing fish Clarias batrachus (Linn.) has procured from Phulwarisharif Fish farm, Patna and acclimatized in the laboratory for 15 days. 96 hours and 48 hours LC­₅₀ of As₂O₃ for fish was calculated as per standard APHA method. The fishes were exposed to 2.5 ppm, 5.0 ppm and 7.5 ppm of As₂O₃ for one week. After the termination of exposure, the autopsy was done and the fish kidney were extracted and fixed in 10% NF and paraffin spread sections were prepared for light microscopy. The major histopathological anomalies incurred in kidney were – infiltration of neutrophils, fibrin and pus cells in the lumen of collecting tubules, oedematous, deposition in the lumen of PCT and DCT, infiltration of plasma cells in intertubular space, metastatic calcification of glomeruli etc. The findings of the present study shows that the nephrotoxicity generated in fish due to Arsenic is dose & duration dependent which ultimately lead to the renal failure of the fish. A close monitoring of the health of the fish is the need of hours for their conservation and enhancement of aquaculture sector of the State.

Keywords: Clarias batrachus, Nephrotoxicity, As₂O_3, LC₅₀, renal tissues.

Title: Arsenic trioxide Induced Nephrotoxicity in Freshwater Walking Catfish Clarias batrachus (Linneaus, 1758): In vivo study

Author: Shrawan Kumar, Prakash Singh, G.B.Chand

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Pesticides are being used to keep pests away from the crops. They kill the pests but also cause imbalance in ecosystem. Endosulfan was also used extensively in Indian agriculture as pesticide. The residues of endosulfan reach to water bodies mostly through agricultural runoff and causes severe damage to aquatic fauna predominantly to fishes. They come in direct exposure to this toxic chemical which has been implicated a gradual toxicity, neurotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, genotoxicity and various other biochemical alterations in fishes. Present study is designed to study the alterations in serum creatinine in the blood serum of Clarias batrachus on exposure to various concentration of endosulfan in a dose as well as duration dependent manner.  After statistical analysis of the data, it has been observed that alterations caused in creatinine are highly significant (p>0.001). This may be due to deteriorating effects of endosulfan on glomerular fenestrae. The results indicate the nephrotoxic nature of endosulfan in fishes.

Keywords: Clarias batrachus, Endosulfan, Creatinine, Nephrotoxicity.

Title: Toxic Impact of Endosulfan on Serum Creatinine Level in Clarias batrachus: In vivo study

Author: Prakash Singh, Rizwan Ahmad, G.B. Chand

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: The allelopathic effects of  Mikania micrantha was studied on two agricultural crops Oryza sativa and Zea mays. Aqueous leaf extracts of Mikania micrantha were made to determine their effects on the seed germination as well as seedling growth on a week old Oryza sativa and Zea mays over a range of extract concentrations. Aqueous leaf extracts of Mikania micrantha shows gradual decline in seed germination and seedling growth on both the crops. The seed germination and seedling growth of Oryza sativa was suppressed more as compared to Zea mays. The study also revealed that the effects of the selected weed on the germination% as well as seedling growth of Oryza sativa and  Zea mays are found to be statistically significant (p≤0.05).

Keywords: Mikania micrantha, weeds, allelopathy, ANOVA, Mizoram.

Title: Allelopathic effects of Mikania micrantha on agricultural crops in Mizoram, North-East India

Author: J.C. Angel Lalrindiki, Dr. F. lalnunmawia

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: The midgut gland of the rusty millipede, Trigoniulus corallinus contains lectin specific for Gal β1-3 linkage and N-acetyl sialic acid. Biological role of the midgut gland lectin (TcLec) of the rusty millipede, T. corallinus was studied based on induction and clearance analysis, using erythrocytes of diverse origin as pathogen model. All the erythrocytes when injected into the hemocoel, inspite of their agglutinability and concentration revealed enhanced production of lectin following an initial reduction in HA titre in all the tested tissues except hemolymph. Experiments on clearance of the injected lectin coated and uncoated erythrocytes of diverse agglutinability into the hemocoel showed a positive correlation between the extent of the agglutination and lectin coating on in vivo clearance. Hemolysis of the injected erythrocytes in vitro revealed that hemocytes recognize and lyse the lectin coated erythrocytes much faster than the uncoated erythrocytes confirming that the lectin act as an ‘opsonin’ which is a prerequisite for hemocyte mediated lysis and clearance.

Keywords: Agglutination, Erythrocytes, Induction, Clearance, Midgut gland, Opsonin, Lectin.

Title: THE SELF-PROTECTIVE ROLE OF THE MIDGUT GLAND LECTIN (TcLec) IN THE RUSTY MILLIPEDE, T. CORALLINUS

Author: Anitha C, Basil Rose M.R, Arokya Glory P.T

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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