Vol 9 Issue 4 October 2021-December 2021

Abstract: Nowadays, “E-government” has become the ubiquitous concept in worldwide because it has been constructed as well as operated in many nations that obtained the positive results.It is started from the perception of governments in manipulating the latest breakthought of information technology to innovate organizations, management solution and government operation in order to improve the effect on social management. Moreover, the operating of e-government enhances the abilities of government to serve citizens and respond the increasing need of the democratic societies.

Obviously, e-government construction has been being the indispensable trend in the fast development of the Internet, information technology and especially, in the circumstance of the 4.0 industrial revolution. This essay focuses on explaining clearly the concept of E-government and the issues of E-government construction in Vietnam. From that point, the author proposes some measures to build and improve the model of E-government in Vietnam in the 4.0 industrial revolution.

Keywords: The fourth industrial revolution, E-government, E-government in Vietnam.

Title: CONSTRUCTING E-GOVERNMENT IN VIETNAM ON THE BACKGROUND OF THE FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

Author: Ngo Thi Phuong Thao

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Bioactive chemicals derived from various parts of the fruit Vitis vinifera (grape fruit) have been proved to possess anti-diabetic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, skin-protecting, anti-cancer, and antibacterial properties in recent findings. This study used in silico ADMET analysis for chemical profiling, docking of procyanidin and anthocyanidin compounds identified in grape seed with the receptor aldose reductase  (PDB ID: 1US0), and ligand binding capacity analysis. Simulation was used to evaluate five compounds, with the CID 9064 and 65056 showing high binding energy and strong interactions with the AR (PDB ID: 1US0). Together, the current in-silico analysis indicates Vitis as a valuable source of inhibitors of AR inhibitors that can be used in complementary and alternative medicine to prevent and treat diabetic disorder as well. The findings have provided more insight into designing a strategy and probable mechanism of inhibitors found in Vitis against aldose reductase using computer aided drug designing.

Keywords: Cholesterol; Cognition; Hyperlipidemia; Inflammation; Metabolic Disorders; Polyphenols; Proanthocyanidins; Erythrocytes.

Title: In silico identification of inhibitors targeting aldose reductase found in Vitis vinifera – A probable mechanistic approach

Author: Suparna Mandal, K.N. Hemavathi, M.D.Venkatesh, S. Asha Devi

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: COVID-19, as an emerging disease, has been spreading since December 2019, hundreds of million of people were infected. The transmission route of COVID-19 was made directly between humans through droplet and respiratory secretions and indirectly through contact with contaminated surfaces and can also be transmitted by asymptomatic individuals. Thai people under 18 years old were not included in the first vaccine roll out plan, therefore being strict under COVID-19 measure is crucial to prevent this group of people from COVID-19

Purpose: To assess knowledge about COVID-19, attitude toward preventive behaviors, risk perception of getting COVID-19 and preventive behavior toward COVID-19 among high school students of a private high school in Bangkok.

Methodology: In May-July 2021, all students from a private high school in Bangrak district, Bangkok, Thailand were invited to participate in completing an online questionnaire. A total of 350 students participated. COVID-19 related knowledge, attitudes toward COVID-19, risk perception and preventive behaviors were assessed. Differences between outcomes and sociodemographics were analyzed through independent t-tests and the ANOVA. A generalized linear model was calculated to determine the predictive variables of preventive behaviors.

Findings: Students revealed a good level of knowledge about COVID-19 (M=12.27, SD=2.27), a good level of attitudes (M=31.20, SD=3.91), a moderate level of risk perception getting COVID-19 (M=13.66, SD=3.88) and a high level of preventive behavior toward COVID-19 (M=47.35, SD=4.68). A High level of attitudes toward COVID-19 and risk perception of getting COVID-19 were associated with practicing preventive behaviors and that having positive attitudes and a high level of risk perception were main determinants of COVID-19 preventive behaviors.

Conclusion: This study revealed a good knowledge level about COVID-19 among high school students in Bangkok and indicated positive attitudes toward preventive behaviors, high risk perception and a high behavior adoption of preventive behaviors. Having positive attitudes toward preventive behaviors and high risk perception were main determinants of these behaviors. Thus, this study can provide policy makers with relevant cues to help plan health education programs at schools, promoting preventive behaviors and reducing the spread of COVID-19. Investment in the creation of a health-promoting environment in schools which promotes students’ trust regarding the safety of using public spaces by offering disinfectant gel, regulating the use of masks and organizing the spaces to guarantee the required physical distancing is fundamental to promote behavior adherence.

Keywords: COVID-19, preventive behavior, high school students.

Title: Knowledge, Attitude and Preventive Behavior toward COVID-19 among high school students in Bangrak District, Bangkok, Thailand: Cross sectional survey

Author: Pawich Buranarom

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: The coronavirus disease (Covid-19) has rapidly emerged as a global pandemic that causes millions of deaths worldwide. It is transmitted from person to person by respiratory droplets and could cause fatigue, shortness of breath,and fever

Objective: To assess COVID-19 related knowledge, attitude and preventive behavior among high school students in Bangkok, Thailand.

Materials and methods: The study was conducted using a cross sectional online survey among Harrow’s students Y12-13. A total of 148 students participated. COVID- 19-related knowledge, attitudes toward COVID-19, and preventive behaviors were assessed. Differences between outcomes and sociodemographic were analyzed through independent t-test and the ANOVA. Preventive behaviors were analyzed by a generalized linear model.

Results: The undergraduate students showed a low knowledge about COVID-19, a mean of 6.38 (SD=1.69) questions in a total of 11. However, The result showed a standard level of attitude toward preventive behaviours on COVID-19 with an average score of 47.51 from a score range of 14 to 70 (SD=4.45). Lastly, Preventive behaviours of participants were at a moderate level with an average score of 36.84 from a range from 12 to 60 (SD=3.93). The data showed a statistically significant positive correlation between Attitude towards preventive behaviour on COVID-19 and COVID-19 preventive behavior (r= .351**, p=.01). From a generalized linear model, attitude towards preventive behaviour on COVID-19  (Exp (B) = 0.394, [CI]: 0.212-.485, P < 0.05) and Gender (Exp (B) = 0.203, 95%, [CI]: 0.376- 2.807, P < 0.05) can be a predictive factor for the preventive behaviour of Harrow International school students.

Conclusion: The results assessed that Harrow international students had a lower level of COVID-19 general knowledge, but moderate level of attitude and preventive behaviour. Moreover, it indicates that there is a causal relationship between attitude towards COVID-19 and preventive behaviors. Thus, attitudes toward COVID-19 are a major predictive factor of having preventive behaviors. Therefore, school and parents should always build awareness and provide safety to the students and remind students with rules that should be followed to secure them from risking of COVID-19.

Keywords: COVID-19, Preventive Behaviour.

Title: Knowledge, Attitude and Preventive Behavior toward COVID-19 of high school students in Bangkok, Thailand: A study among students in Harrow’s International School

Author: Thanan Makarabhirom

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Colistin is an antibiotic for treating various multidrug-resistant Gram negative bacteria. It is at present the last-line drug for infections caused by Gram negative bacteria. Colistin resistance is a concerning issue because of lack of development of new antibiotics. Bacteria like Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacteriaceae members such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp. have an acquired resistance towards colistin. Due to the high occurrence of colistin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in waste water and process waters from sources like slaughterhouses, hospitals were considered as the hotspot for the colistin resistances (mcr) genes. Clinicians should be aware about the possibility of the development of colistin resistance among many multidrug resistant bacteria via adaptations and mutation mechanisms. Rapid growth of bacterial resistance has made it quite tough for us to depend on the development of new antibiotics for which, logical approaches need to be used for utilizing old antibiotics like colistin, to deal with rising issues of colistin resistance.

Keywords: Colistin resistance, Enterobacteriaceae, Gram negative bacteria.

Title: COLISTIN RESISTANCE IN ENTEROBACTERIACEAE THROUGH SEWAGE SAMPLES/WATERBODIES

Author: AVISKAR PARHI, Dr. NAMITA BEDI

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: The object of this research is to study willingness to be vaccinated against COVID-19. This is a cross sectional study that studied a group of students of Samsenwittayalai School in Bangkok. All grade 10-12 students of Samsenwittayalai School were invited to participate in completing an online questionnaire. A total of 303 students participated during June - July 2021. COVID-19 willingness to be vaccinated against COVID-19  was assessed. Descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation and the generalized linear model were used to analyse the study. For findings, the students revealed a moderate level of willingness to vaccinate against COVID-19 (M=3.57, SD=1.21). There was an existence of a positive correlation between willingness to be vaccinated against COVID-19 and attitude toward new about COVID-19.  From the generalized linear analysis, attitude toward news about COVID-19 was had a significant effect on willingness to be vaccinated against COVID-19 (Beta=0.193, p<0.01)

Keywords: COVID-19 Vaccine, willingness to be vaccinated, adolescent.

Title: Willingness to be vaccinated against COVID-19 of High School Students in Bangkok

Author: Pitchaporn Porameesanaporn

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: The outbreak of COVID-19 had affected Australia. One of the ways to control the spread of COVID-19 is to have a good understanding of the disease and correct preventive behaviours.

Purpose: Accessing the knowledge, attitudes, and preventive behaviour towards COVID-19 of high school students in Perth

Methodology: The study was conducted using a questionnaire. A total of 171 students participated. COVID19-related knowledge, attitudes toward COVID-19, and preventive behaviours were assessed. Differences between outcomes and sociodemographic were analysed through independent t-test and the ANOVA. Preventive behaviours were analysed by a generalized linear model.

Findings: Students revealed moderate knowledge about COVID-19, correctly answering 10.48 (SD = 2.36) questions in a total of 15, moderate attitudes toward preventive behaviours 39.39 (SD = 6.17) and good preventive behaviour 42.57 (SD = 7.43), questions in a total of 35. There are statistically significant positive correlations shown: between attitudes toward preventive behaviours and preventive behaviours (r=.646**, p<0.01) and between knowledge about COVID-19 and preventive behaviours (r=.239 **, p<0.01). Attitude toward preventive behaviours (B=.764, p<0.05), Knowledge about COVID-19 (B=.374, p<0.05) and Gender (B=2.037, p<0.05) had significant effects on preventive behaviours.

Conclusion: Students had a good level of preventive behaviour, while their knowledge about COVID-19 and attitude toward preventive behaviour were moderate. Attitude toward preventive behaviour had a positive correlation with preventive behaviour. Attitude toward preventive behaviour, knowledge and gender had significant effects on preventive behaviour. From the results, increasing attitude toward preventive behaviour is recommended to raise the level of preventive behaviour.

Keywords:  COVID-19, preventive behaviour, high school students.

Title: Knowledge, attitudes, and preventive behaviours towards COVID 19 of high school students in Perth

Author: Wongwarit Thipthanakan

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Despite the advice from quality assurance, Biology subject has continued to perform poorly in National examination in Kenya. It is not known whether teachers teach practically or not. In the KCSE biology examination if a candidate fails the practical paper he or she cannot score an A grade. This means practical paper has great influence on biology performance at KCSE as a whole. This study investigated level of student’s exposure to p practicals in public secondary schools in Lugari Sub County, Kakamega County, Kenya. A descriptive survey design was used to study the extent of student participation in biology practicals by class level and school type. The study was undertaken in Lugari District, western province, Kenya. Lugari district is one of the districts where poor performance in biology has been reported over the past five years in K.C.S.E. (KNEC Report 2019). The study population was made up of students taking Biology in forms four.  Thirteen schools were randomly sampled comprising of 262 form four students. Primary data was collected using structured questionnaire. All research questions were analyzed using quantitative techniques provided by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24. The results revealed that only 38.35 of the 113 practical sessions were conducted by public secondary schools in Lugari Sub County. Majority of the practicals were done in form one (41.7%) and form three (48.1%) while few practical sessions were conducted in form two (30.3%) and four (33.3%). There was significant variation in number of practicals conducted among schools as some school management more than half of the practicals while other schools managed less than a quarter of total practical session in four years. Therefore, the study concluded that the extent to which learners are exposed to biology practicals in Lugar sub County is at low extent. In this regard, the study recommended that there is need to increase number of functional laboratories in the said school, acquisition of reagents and laboratory equipment. Further, the schools need to have at least one laboratory assistant to aid in preparation of laboratory session. Lastly, the study recommended that there is need for policy formulation which will ensure students are adequately exposed to biology practicals in Kenya. 

Keywords: Biology, Biology Practicals, Exposure, Public Secondary Schools.

Title: Level of Students Exposure to Biology Practicals in Public Secondary Schools in Lugari Sub County, Kakamega County, Kenya

Author: JOYCE NEKESA NGAKHALA

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: At the end of 2019, COVID-19 disease spread worldwide and severely affect public health, the economy and society. Each country imposes different control policies and preventive measures to curb the infection rate. Objectives: This comparative analysis aims to study different epidemic control policies and measures dealing with COVID-19 among the top 10 countries with the best recovery rate and compare the advantages and disadvantages of the imposed measures in each of these countries. Methodology: Selection of 6 target countries from the group, i.e. Denmark, the USA, the UK, Israel, Sweden and Singapore. The selection criteria for the study were based on countries with severe outbreaks in 2020 and the top 10 countries with the fastest recovery rate measured based on their lockdown restrictions. Results: It was discovered that these 6 countries both have similarities and differences in measures. The fundamental measures they shared include comprehensive vaccination against COVID-19; 14 days quarantine measures for infected people; emphasis on self-protection by wearing masks; the new normal; social distancing; and lockdown measures. Whereas, the intensity of investment policy in vaccine research development as well as patient monitoring and active surveillance varies from country to country. Moreover, other key measures include vaccination as well as include vaccination from the government which the public can trust, understand and cooperate with. Furthermore, this also requires the public’s cooperation and shared responsibility in following lockdown measures to restrain the rate of infection producing a beneficial effect on saving many lives. Inversely, they cause a severely negative effect on the economy and society. Thus, the government had to introduce some financial support and relief measures to help businesses and individuals affected by COVID-19 at the same time. As for social policy, measures have started to loosen periodically and most importantly, the release of lockdown restrictions for businesses to reopen. Ultimately, the focus was to achieve a balance between public health safety, the economy and society simultaneously.

Keywords: COVID-19, Coping with COVID-19, Comparative COVID-19 policy.

Title: Coping with COVID-19 Pandemic: Comparative Analysis

Author: Pimmada Gijsriurai

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: A study was conducted to determine the growth performance of hybrid catfish (Heteroclarias) fed five iso-nitrogenous (40% CP) diets at varying inclusion levels of Telfairia occidentalis (fluted pumpkin) seed cake (FPS). Five diets in triplicate was compounded with same ingredients; fish meal, yellow maize, vitamin /mineral premix, vegetable oil, and starch with varying inclusion levels of Telfairia occidentalis (fluted pumpkin) seed cake and soya bean meal (SBM). Diets was designated as D1 (FPC 0% - SBM 100%), D2 (FPC 25% - SBM 75%), D3 (FPC 50% - SBM 50%), D4 (FPC 75% - SBM 25%), D5 (FPC 100% - SBM 0%). The proximate analyses of experimental feeds and fluted pumpkin seed cake were carried out to show any variation present in all parameters. One hundred and twenty Heteroclarias fingerlings (mean weight 4.26±0.26 g) were reared in concrete tanks of 2m×2m size. Fish were fed at 5% of their body weight for a period of 90 days. Culture water was monitored and changed every two days while quality parameters (temperature, dissolved oxygen, and pH) was measured fortnightly using standard methods.

Keywords: Fluted pumpkin, Seed cake, Growth, Culture.

Title: Effect of substituting Soyabean Meal with Fluted Pumpkin Seed Cake on the Growth and Nutrient Utilization of Heteroclarias (hybrid) Fingerlings in Bali, Taraba State

Author: Adi, A. Amamra., Peter, D.Kula

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Purpose: To study the prevalence and associated factors of depression and stress in grade 10-12 students in Bangkok during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methodology: In this quantitative research, the data was collected from 398 students among 1,420 students in grades 10-12 at Satriwithaya School in Bangkok from 9 August to 14 August 2021. The data were collected via Google Forms by using the depression questionnaire (9Q) and stress questionnaire (ST5). The data were analyzed for the prevalence and associated factors by using descriptive statistics and IBM SPSS.

Findings: The prevalence of depression in grade 10-12 students were at  89.7% where significant associated factors were workload and responsibilities; relationship with family and friends; susceptibility to mental illness; having friends with mental illness, and financial impact from COVID-19 pandemic. The prevalence of stress in grade 10-12 students was at 53.52% of which significant associated factors were workload and responsibilities; relationship with family and friends; and financial impact from COVID-19 pandemic.

Conclusion: Students in grade 10-12 reported symptoms of depression at 89.7% (n=357) ranging from severe; moderate; and mild levels at 26.13% (n=104), 35.18% (n=140), 28.39% (n=113) respectively. The level of stress was mainly reported as very severe; severe; moderate; and mild at 53.2% (n=213); 20.85% (n=83); 16.33% (n=65); and 39.3% (n=37) respectively. Associated factors for both symptoms were workload and responsibilities; relationship with family and friends; and financial impact from COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, significant associated factors for depression were mental illness and having friends with mental illness. However, if the findings were to be applied in a different context, online storage restrictions should be taken into account.

Keywords: Depression, stress, COVID-19.

Title: Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Symptoms and Prevalence of Depression and Stress of High School Students in Bangkok

Author: Apitta Euasobhon

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Theophrastus Phillipus Auroleus Bombastus von Hohenheim (1493–1541) is credited with the classic toxicology maxim, "Alle Dinge Sind Gift und nichts ist ohne Gift; allein die Dosis macht, dass ein Ding kein Gift ist." which translates as, "All things are poisonous and nothing is without poison; only the dose makes a thing not poisonous." This is often condensed to: "The dose makes the poison". The goal of toxicity assessment is to identify adverse effects of a substance. Adverse effects depend on two main factors: routes of exposure (oral, inhalation, or dermal) and dose (duration and concentration of exposure). To explore dose, substances are tested in both acute and chronic models. Generally, different sets of experiments are conducted to determine whether a substance causes some forms of toxicity. Methanol is an industrial chemical used after 1800s. It is a toxic. This chemical are used to produce biodiesel and also used in ethanol manufacturing industries as a denaturant additive. In the 2010, the American Methanol Institute (AMI) evaluation stated the methanol demand may be reach up to the 882 million gallons per year. In the present study Methanol was selected as Toxicant on fingerlings of freshwater fish Cirrhinus mrigala to understand the alterations in Alkaline Phosphates after acute exposure. It was observed that Alkaline Phosphates decreased as the dose component was increased.

Keywords: Toxicant, Methanol, Alkaline phosphates activity, Freshwater fish.

Title: Alterations in the Alkaline Phosphate Activity of Freshwater Fish Cirrhinus mrigala Exposed to Methanol

Author: Madhav Bhilave

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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