Vol 12 Issue 4 October 2024-December 2024

Abstract: The use of botanical insecticides as potent alternatives in the control of insect pests of agricultural products have been established. Chromolaena odorata is a plant which has both medicinal and insecticidal properties. The leaves and stem barks of this plant were extracted using different solvents namely, methanol, ethanol, water, acetone, pet-ether and n-hexane. The different extracts were evaluated on C. maculatus adults for their mortality, oviposition and adult emergence. The effect of the extracts on seed viability was also investigated. The leaves and stem barks were also analysed to know the phytochemicals present.  The results obtained showed that the steam distillate of leaves and stem barks of C. odorata were most toxic to C. maculatus for causing 100 % and 95.75 % respectively within 96 h of exposure.  The leaf and the stem bark extracts of the plant effectively reduced oviposition in C. maculatus.  The percentage adult emergence in the untreated (control) cowpea seeds was significantly higher than emergence in the treated seeds. The Percentage germination of all treated seeds by the 7^th day was generally high. The Phytochemical analysis of the leaf of C. odorata showed that Tannins, Terpenoid were present in large quantity. While alkaloid, flavonoids, saponins, cardiac glycosides and steroid were present.  Phytochemical analysis of the stem bark extract of C. odorata showed that alkaloid, tannins, flavonoids, saponins, terpenoid, cardiac glycosides and steroids were present.  The results obtained from this study revealed that the extract of C. odorata are effective in controlling cowpea storage weevils, C. maculatus and could serve as an alternative to synthetic insecticides for the protection of stored cowpeas against C. maculatus.

Keywords: Chromolaena odorata, Callosobruchus maculatus Oviposition, Adult emergence, viability and phytochemicals.

Title: Bioactivity of the Leaf and Stem Bark Extracts of Siam Weed (Chromolaena odorata) L. on Cowpea seed pest, Callosobruchus maculatus Fabricius (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) in Storage

Author: Obembe Olusola Michael, Okunola Tunde Timothy, Ayeyi Olayinka Mercy

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

Vol. 12, Issue 4, October 2024 - December 2024

Page No: 76-85

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Published Date: 31-December-2024

Abstract: Gold mining in Indonesia is carried out using an open-pit mining system, which has an impact on the loss of forest vegetation, soil properties in mining areas, loss of flora and fauna, as well as the occurrence of slopes that change hydrological conditions and soil fertility levels. The problem that often occurs is that post-mining land is difficult to grow plants due to the lack of nutrient content which results in plant death. Exploring the types of AMF in the vegetation composition in the mining area is an important initial study and is necessary to be able to identify and map the dominant and specific types of AMF that exist in the vegetation composition in the area. The aim of this research is to determine the status of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and vegetation composition in the Poboya gold mine area. The research was carried out from February 2023 to June 2023. Observations of vegetation types and taking soil and root samples were carried out on agroforestry land and secondary forest in the Poboya gold mining area, Palu Municipality, Central Sulawesi. Identification of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal microbes was carried out at the Forest Biotechnology Laboratory, Bogor Agricultural Institute (IPB), Bogor, West Java. Analysis of soil properties was carried out at the Soil Science Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Tadulako University, Palu. The research results showed that there were 5 types of AMF spores found at the research location, namely Acaulospora sp2, Acaulospora sp3, Acaulospora sp4, Glomus sp6, Glomus sp7. The results of observing the color of the spores showed that there were different types of spore colors including clear yellowish, yellow and brown. The density of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi spores was highest at the agroforestry research location, 11 spores were found per 20 g of soil, while at the secondary forest research location only 3 spores were found per 20 g of soil. The colonization level shows that the plants with the highest percentage of AMF colonization are white teak (Gmelina arborea Roxb) (91.8%) and Candlenut (Aleurites moluccana (L.)) (51.3%), the medium colonization level is Lamtoro (Leucaena leucocephala ) (33.7 %) Vegetation composition In secondary forest areas the number and types of species are higher than in agroforestry areas. The highest relative density at each growth phase is found in agroforestry land, namely in Candlenut (Aleurites moluccana (L.)) and Lamtoro (Leucaena leucocephala.) plants.

Keywords: Status of AMF, Agroforestry, secondary forest, gold mining area.

Title: Status of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in the Poboya Gold Mine Area, Palu Municipality, Central Sulawesi

Author: Zaki Mubarok, Yusran, Retno Wulandari

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

Vol. 12, Issue 4, October 2024 - December 2024

Page No: 64-75

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Published Date: 23-December-2024

Abstract: Sendai virus (SeV) infection in Wistar rats was studied to evaluate its impact on hematological, biochemical, and hepato-renal parameters. The study aimed to understand the systemic effects of SeV infection beyond respiratory symptoms. Wistar rats were infected with SeV, and blood samples were collected at various time points. Hematological parameters, including red blood cell count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelet count, and white blood cell count, were analyzed. Biochemical parameters, such as liver enzymes (AST, ALT, ALP), total protein, total bilirubin, urea, and creatinine, were assessed to evaluate liver and kidney function. Results indicated significant alterations in hematological parameters, including reduced red blood cell count and hemoglobin, suggesting anemia. Liver function tests showed elevated levels of liver enzymes, decreased total protein, and increased bilirubin, indicating liver damage. Kidney function tests revealed increased levels of urea and creatinine, suggesting renal impairment. These findings highlight the systemic impact of SeV infection, extending beyond the respiratory tract to affect other vital organs. Understanding these effects is crucial for developing effective therapeutic interventions.

Keywords: Sendai virus, Wistar rats, viral infection, Hematological parameters and hepato-renal parameters.

Title: Biochemical, Hematological, and Hepato-renal Study of Sendai Virus Infection in Wistar Rats

Author: Daodu, B. T., Onwukwe, C.D., Stanley, H.O., Akomah-Abadaike, O.N, Frank – Peterside, N

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

Vol. 12, Issue 4, October 2024 - December 2024

Page No: 54-63

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 21-December-2024

Abstract: Plant disease caused by various pathogens like fungi and nematodes significantly reduced the crop growth and yield globally. In present time NPs are emerging as potent tool for the management of plant disease and enhanced the crop production. PGPRs are environment friendly to increase the crop growth and yield. PGPRs suppressed the plant disease by the production of pathogen-antagonizing compounds as well as well immune system.  This research article focuses on potential of role of biosynthesized ZnO NPs and PGPRs in the management of wilt disease complex of pigeon pea. Combined application of PGPRs (Pseudomonas sp.) and different concentrations (50, 100, 150, 200, and 250µg/mL) of ZnO NPs of enhanced the plant growth and yield of pigeon pea infected with F. udum, M. incognita and H. cajani. But significant reduction of wilt disease complex occurs at 100 µg/mL ZnO NPs and Pseudomonas sp. IS-2. Thus this research work was conducted to explore the effectiveness of ZnO NPs and Pseudomonas sp. against M. incognita, F. udum and H. cajani under in-vivo condition. Combined application of ZnO NPs and PGPRs potentially increased the plant fresh weight, plant dry weight, number of pods, shoot length, root length, number of nodule, total chlorophyll, carotenoids, proline and phenolic compounds of pigeon pea. This experiment confirmed that ZnO NPs and PGPRs synergistically reduce the plant pathogens growth and increased the antioxidant enzymes such as ascorbic acid, glutathione, ascorbate peroxidase and superoxide dismutase.  The implementation of ZnO NPs and PGPRs in the management of plant disease reduced the risk of chemical inputs.

Keywords: ZnO NPs; PGPR; Meloidogyne incognita; Fusarium udum; Heterodera cajani; Pseudomonas fuorescens.

Title: Combined effect of biosynthesized ZnO NPs and PGPR (Pesudomonas fuorescence) on the management of the wilt disease complex of pigeon pea

Author: Geeta Rautela, Rose Rizvi, Sumit Kumar Singh

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

Vol. 12, Issue 4, October 2024 - December 2024

Page No: 44-53

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Published Date: 18-December-2024

Abstract: Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) is one of the tropical fruit commodities that has high economic value. Currently, mangosteen is an export fruit commodity of Indonesia. Mangosteen abroad is known as the "Queen of Fruits" and "The finest fruit of the tropics", because it has the special color of the skin and flesh of the fruit and a unique taste, namely sweet, sour and refreshing, besides that mangosteen also has high nutritional value. The research was conducted in Labuan Toposo Village, Labuan District, Donggala Regency. 00 32 '52.719" LS and 1190 57' 35.834" BT. This research was conducted from December to April 2024. The design used in this study was a Randomized Block Design (RAK) with two factors, where the first factor was the provision of mycorrhiza consisting of two levels, namely M0 = Without mycorrhiza and M1 = Mycorrhiza 10 g. The second factor is the provision of organic fertilizer consisting of 4 levels, namely P0 = Control, P1 = Rice straw compost, P2 = Banana peel compost, and P3 = Vermicompost. Based on this treatment, 8 treatment combinations were obtained with 7 replications, resulting in 56 experimental units. Each experimental unit used 3 mangosteen seedlings so that the total number of mangosteen seedlings used was 168 seedlings. The results obtained from this study indicate that the provision of 10g/polybag mycorrhiza (M1) has an effect on the increase in plant height at the age of 6 MST, namely 0.25 cm, at the age of 12 MST, namely 0.23 cm, and the increase in stem diameter at the age of 3 MST, namely 0.061 mm. While the observation parameters of leaf greenness, leaf area, fresh weight and dry weight indicate that the treatment of mycorrhiza and organic fertilizer has no significant effect and there is no interaction.

Keywords: Mangosteen, organic fertilizer, mycorrhiza.

Title: THE APPLICATION OF ORGANIC FERTILIZER AND MYCORRHIZA ON THE GROWTH OF LOCAL MANGOSTEEN (Garcinia mangostana L.) SEEDLINGS IN CENTRAL SULAWESI

Author: Yustika, Henry Barus, Enny Adelina

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

Vol. 12, Issue 4, October 2024 - December 2024

Page No: 37-43

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Published Date: 11-December-2024

Abstract:  Restu Dwi Nugroho, Rostiati Dg Rahmatu, Nur Edy (Identification of Local Upland Rice from Central Sulawesi Using PCR Technique and Physicochemical Properties. (Supervised by Rostiati, Nur Edy) Rice is a staple food in Indonesia and one of the crops that provides 20% of the total food calories globally. National rice production has so far been focused on irrigated rice fields, especially on the island of Java, while the contribution of upland or rainfed rice, which is scattered across various islands in Indonesia, remains very limited. This could pose a problem in the future due to the rapid population growth, increased food demand, especially for rice, and the reduction of rice fields, which have been the primary land for rice production. Although national production of upland rice is relatively small compared to irrigated rice, upland rice has great potential to be developed, particularly in drylands. Efforts to promote the development of upland rice in Central Sulawesi include optimizing high-quality planting materials or seeds. One approach to identifying the diversity of upland rice in Central Sulawesi is through the identification of its physicochemical and genetic properties. Physicochemical analysis was carried out to assess antioxidants, moisture content, fat content, amylose, amylopectin, carbohydrate content, protein content, and fiber content. Genetic identification was performed to determine genetic diversity. Genetic diversity identification was conducted using PCR sequencing. The results of the study showed that the phytochemical analysis through various tests demonstrated superior chemical properties. In the DNA analysis, DNA amplification was conducted to observe DNA bands using the rbcLa-F and Rbcl-724R primers, which produced distinct bands in the five local upland rice cultivars from Central Sulawesi, yielding amplicons ranging in size from 100 to 1000bp.

Keywords: Genetic Diversity, Physicochemical, PCR, Local Upland Rice, Sequencing.

Title: The Identification of Local Upland Rice from Central Sulawesi Using PCR Technique and Chemical Properties

Author: Restu Dwi Nugroho, Rostiati Dg Rahmatu, Nur Edy

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

Vol. 12, Issue 4, October 2024 - December 2024

Page No: 30-36

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Published Date: 21-November-2024

Abstract:  The Moringa plant (Moringa oleifera L.) is a type of tropical plant that is easy to grow in tropical areas such as Indonesia. This research was conducted to obtain quality seeds through morphological analysis and continued with seed viability analysis to obtain high viability seeds, then continued with genetic analysis to obtain quality seed candidates. The first stage is morphological identification using descriptive methods with a survey. directly to the location used for research. The second stage is testing seed viability on selected accessions using the Completely Randomized Design (CRD) method at the seeding stage in the Seed Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture. with one seed source factor from the results of the first stage of research. A seeding test was carried out using a Randomized Block Design (Rack) method based on plant height with one factor, namely the selected seed source, planting was carried out in the Experimental Field of the Faculty of Agriculture, Tadulako University. This research was carried out from June 2023 to August 2023. The results of the research show that there are seven Moringa accessions with different morphologies, namely the Moringa accessions Sibowi 1, Sibowi 4, Sibowi 6, Sibowi 7, Sibowi 17, Sibowi 21, and Sibowi 23. The distinguishing morphological characteristics are plant height, stem diameter, canopy diameter canopy shape, leaf blade shape, leaf stalk length, leaf stalk width, pod length. Seed viability tests in the nursery showed that there were differences in the viability of Moringa seeds from different seed sources, however, the seed source of

Keywords: Sibowi, moringa.

Title: Morphological and Genetic Identification of Moringa Plants (Moringa Oleifera L.) For Procurement Quality Seeds in Tanambulava District Central Sulawesi

Author: Bintang Putri Sakti, Enny Adelina, Maemunah

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

Vol. 12, Issue 4, October 2024 - December 2024

Page No: 19-29

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 01-November-2024

Abstract: Glass is a versatile material with a rich history and a profound impact on modern society, playing an integral role in various industries and applications. It has been used for thousands of years, evolving from ancient decorative objects to becoming a cornerstone of contemporary technology and construction. Glass is chemically classified as an amorphous solid, meaning its molecules lack the long-range order typical of crystalline solids. The primary component of most glass is silica (SiO₂), which is commonly derived from sand and combined with other compounds like sodium carbonate, calcium oxide, and alumina to modify its properties. These additional components allow manufacturers to tailor the glass for specific functions by enhancing its strength, improving its heat resistance, or adjusting its optical qualities.

Glass’s distinct characteristics, including its transparency, adaptability to different forms, resistance to chemical corrosion, and exceptional durability, have made it indispensable in a wide range of uses and applications. This paper seeks to explore the intricate chemical structure of glass and the various stages of its manufacturing process. It will also highlight glass's key advantages and contributions in fields such as construction, healthcare, and technology, showcasing its role in shaping modern life.

Keywords: Glass, amorphous solid, silica, manufacturing process, sustainability.

Title: Exploring the Chemical Composition, Production, and Uses of Glass across Industries

Author: Reem Saud AlMulaifi

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

Vol. 12, Issue 4, October 2024 - December 2024

Page No: 11-18

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 24-October-2024

Abstract: Currently, there are many theories regarding the impact of cat coat color on personality traits. I aimed to compare the personalities of cats of different colors to see how closely they align with these theories. I collected data from a survey of 200 cat owners and found that the percentages of cats whose personalities matched the theories were as follows: orange cats 15.6%, white cats 25%, black cats 19.4%, calico cats 8.3%, tortoiseshell cats 15.8%, and tabby cats 34%. These findings suggest that a cat's coat color does not entirely determine its personality. It also depends on the rearing system, the care it receives, and traumatic events that may cause changes in its personality.

Keywords: cat, coat, personality, orange, white, black, calico, tortoiseshell, tabby.

Title: The Study of Cat Personalities Based on Coat Color: A Comparison between Theory and Survey Results

Author: Chotiga Chotchaiphiboon

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

Vol. 12, Issue 4, October 2024 - December 2024

Page No: 5-10

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 23-October-2024

Abstract: The combination of Iridium rare metal ions with an important 2-(1,3-benzoxazole -2-yl - sulfanyl )-N-phenyl acetamide (BSPA) ligand to form coordination compounds is an important area of current research. Less explored biologically important 2-(1,3-benzoxazole -2-yl - sulfanyl )-N-phenyl acetamide  ligand is allowed to react with solution of some rare metal perchlorates and attempt has been made to synthesize solid  2-(1,3-benzoxazole -2-yl- sulfanyl )-N-phenyl acetamide complexes. These 2-(1,3-benzoxazole-2-yl-sulfanyl )-N-phenyl acetamide  complexes are subjected to antimicrobial activity of these complexes has been evaluated by standard methods and attempts have been made to correlate structural characteristics with properties of these 2-(1,3-benzoxazole -2-yl - sulfanyl )-N-phenyl acetamide  complexes.

Keywords: Spectroscopic characterization, 2-(1,3-Benzoxazole-2-yl-sulfanyl)-N-phenyl acetamide(BSPA) complex, chemical kinetic activity, catalysis.

Title: Chemical kinetic activity of Iridium rare metal Complex with Banzoxazole Derivative

Author: Dr. H. D. Chaudhari, Dr. Haresh R.Patel

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

Vol. 12, Issue 4, October 2024 - December 2024

Page No: 1-4

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 08-October-2024