Vol 3 Issue 1 April 2015-September 2015

Abstract: This research project provides knowledge on essential cultural practices i.e. training, employee commitment and training which are cultural practices in contemporary organizations and their relationship with organizational performance. The general objective was to study and analyze the relationship with on organizational performance while the specific objectives were: To establish the relationship between organizational reward systems and organizational performance, to determine the relationship between training and organizational performance and to find out the relationship between employee commitment to their work and organizational performance. The target population was 163 staff of Del Monte Kenya limited. The population for this study included the top level, middle level and low levels of operation. Random sampling method was be used to select respondents for data collection. From the population, a total sample size of 40 respondents which represents 24.5% of the total population  was  selected. The researcher used both structured and unstructured questionnaires to collect data. A Pilot study was carried out at Del Monte Kenya limited to verify the validity and reliability of requested data. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive tools of analysis which include percentages and frequencies then presented using bar graphs and pie charts. The major findings were that there is a relationship between culture and organizational performance. Also the employees are committed to their work due to extrinsic motivational factors and that the organization had improved on its profitability had improved due to its distinct cultural practices The recommendations of the study were that the management needs to take active roles in training its employees, also the management should steer head cultural practices in their organizations and frequently monitor the practices so as to effectively manage them so as to boost its performance.

Keywords: Relationship between Culture and Organizational Performance, employee commitment and training.

Title: Relationship between Culture and Organizational Performance: A Case Study of Del Monte Kenya Limited

Author: JULIUS NG’ANG’A MUNYAMBU

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: This paper introduces a Web-based Counselling System, a non-profit online counselling web portal that was built to provide a platform for counselors to reach out to the general public. We examine the background that induced the conceptualization of the portal, the system’s architecture and design as well as the implementation of the working system. The paper closes with an evaluation of the system. Counselling aim is to help a person to talk about emotions and thoughts that they may not have been able to express before, or address important matters they have put off, which always seems to return. Islam tells its followers to attain personal well-being through its system of spiritual and religiosity. This paper explore on how to council process of face boldly between professional counselors with client for make human affair, to identify self-potential and develop source of human internal for take as true and self-responsible toward Allah bless.

Keywords: Counselling, advices, Business Model Canvas, ICT, JAIS, IIUM.

Title: Developing E-Counselling System (Topic: Counselling Through Online Portal in Islamic Perspective)

Author: Abdul Rahman Bin Dahlan, Nur Atiqah Syakila Binti Rahmat, Maisarah Binti Mazlan

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: The mosque has continuously played an active role in the guidance of the Muslim community, teaching both the young and older generations as well as producing a venue for Muslims to meet one another on religious occasions. But the mosque has much more potential than this, and it needs to be utilized fully so that many more areas of the lives of Muslims may benefit from it.The function of mosque can be divided into several parts which are as a community center, as a place of education, and as a place of worship.From here it shows that a mosque is not only focus onwership part but it covers all areas including  as a centre for collecting zakat from individuals  and receiving financial contribution from certain parties such as non-governmental institutions and  individuals. In fact, mosque also received physical properties in a variety of shapes, including equipment until the land and buildings donated by certain parties (waqaf). Thus, when all contributions donated funds and properties are combined, then part of the mosque have the funds and property of great value which will be used as a source to contribute to the people especially the needy family. This project is proposed to increase the efficiency of zakat distribution in terms of less time consuming.For this project we choose Marang, Terengganu as the proof of concept.

Keywords: roles of mosque, network of mosque, business model canvas, proof of concept.

Title: e-ZAKAT4U Program: Enhancing Zakat Distribution System by Merging with Network-of-Mosque (NoM)

Author: Abdul Rahman Ahmad Dahlan, Siti Nurasyikin Binti Awang, Afizah Binti Mahmood

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: With the rapid growth of the business industry Marketing field received a significant amount of attention from the business people in different countries when compare with the past. Unlike past, today most of the businesses have realized about the importance of the market orientation practices as a strategy to maintain profitable relationships for achieve goals and objectives of the organizations. Most of the businesses give priority to identify whether they are market oriented or not. In order todo so numerous measures are applied by the professionals.

Although there are many measurement models of Market Orientation have been developed by different scholars, most widely used the MKTOR model (Customer Orientation, Competitor Orientation and Inter Functional Coordination) introduced by Slater and Naver in 1993. But they did not take in to account societal marketing and the corporate social responsibility when developing MKTOR model. Today most of the people both customer and businesses tend to concern about the social benefits. Therefore this paper discuss about the importance of the social benefits as a strategy to gain profits and maintain profitable relationships. Further, this paper introduced an advance model called NEWMKTOR Model of Market Orientation to measure the market orientation by adding a new variable to the MKTOR model introduced by the Slater and Naver (1993). It is a new perspective of market oriented strategies.

Keywords: Market Orientation. MKTOR Model, NEWMKTOR Model.

Title: Measurement Model of the Market Orientation: New Theoretical Framework: NEWMKTOR Model

Author: Umesh Gunarathne W.H.D.P

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: Most research which has been undertaken has focused on financial aspects of reward. Little effort has been taken to understand the value of non-financial rewards. The objective of this research was to determine whether private schools in Kenya are utilizing non-financial rewards as a competitive advantage in retraining their employees. A survey was done to the heads and teachers of selected private schools to find out their perception on the use of different non-financial rewards in retaining their services in their institutions. The objectives of this study were achieved through conducting a survey on the employees of selected schools .The results that describe the entire population were used. The major findings were that job flexibility was an important tool because it gives the employee some authority in their working hours. This gives them room to cater for any other eventualities that may arise in their life away from the office hence the job does not become a hindrance to their duties prompting them to serve the institution longer years. The findings under paternity leave were almost at a tie because majority of the respondents had gone through the phase of paternity leave and others had no intention of the same thereby finding it not relevant. This requires an employer to gain knowledge of the employee well enough to ensure he or she offers benefits that are relevant to him. From the results of the research, non-financial rewards took dominance as a factor of employee retention. It is recommended that organizations continually  review  their  reward  practices  to  ensure  alignment  with  the potential  impact  of  changes  in  the  macro  environment  and  to  make allowance  for  different  requirements  based  on  the  demographic  factors  of their employees.

Keywords: non-financial rewards, employees, selected private schools.

Title: Non Financial Reward and Employee Retention in Private Primary Schools in Kenya (Kiambu County)

Author: Josephine Wanjiru Nyaga

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: The study sought to examine the relevance of strategic planning on production. Business organizations operate in constantly changing and competitive environment. To survive, organizations must respond and adjust to the social, economic, and political environmental changes that occurs. Objective of the study is to reveal the pattern of strategic planning in a sample of the study, and as if they were eligible for effective of production. Study used descriptive analytical method and applied to a sample of managers and their assistants and heads of departments in Coca Cola. and data were collected by questionnaire, and field visits, personal interviews and some official documents to complete the study data. Was also used a number of statistical tools for data processing, including: arithmetic mean, percentage,   for the purpose of sample description. Study used descriptive analytical method and applied to a sample of managers and their assistants and heads of departments in Coca Cola. and data were collected by questionnaire, and field visits, personal interviews and some official documents to complete the study data. Was also used a number of statistical tools for data processing, including: arithmetic mean, percentage,   for the purpose of sample description. The study found a set of conclusions and recommendations as follows: Hindustan Coca-Cola is the fastest growing FMCG Company over the last five years as per data available to us and in the public domain. Worldwide as a company making Carbonated Soft Drink, CSD, Coca Cola has a Market share in 2013 42.4 percent where as Pepsi Co has only 27.7 percent. The recommendations was Company should provide special benefits to the retailer for better promotion To meet the demand of the customers the company should set up the new plants as its competitors are planning to set up. The company should search the new target market to expand the market share in this competitive era.

Keywords: strategic Management, strategic planning, production, sales performance. 

Title: The Impact of Strategic Planning On the Production and Sales Performance of Coca Cola Company

Author: Oday Hussein Ali

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract:  Influence of human resource management practices on organizational commitment has been a widely researched area for years. Unfortunately, most of the studies in Human Resource Management practices and organizational commitment have been conducted in the West, with a smaller number of studies carried out in developing countries like Kenya specifically on context of Mumias Sugar Company Limited. As a result this study sought to determine the influence of training and development practices on organizational commitment in sugar firms in Kenya: A case of Mumias Sugar Company Limited. The specific objectives were; to determine the influence of training need assessment on organizational commitment in sugar firms in Kenya and to determine the influence of formal systems of induction on organizational commitment in sugar firms in Kenya. The study adopted descriptive survey research design. The target population of the study was169 respondents and consisted of two strata namely; 19 top level management and 150 unionisable employees. Stratified and simple random sampling techniques were used to select the sample population and the sample size was 118 respondents. Questionnaires were the main data collection tool. Data analysis was done using both quantitative and qualitative methods. The study found out that training and development practices are positively correlated with affective commitment. The study concluded that training need assessment helps increase affective commitment among employees and that formal systems of induction provided to new employees help them adapt to new environment quickly and make them comfortable which increase their commitment. The researcher recommends to managers to consider training and development practices as influencers of organizational affective commitment.           

Keywords: Training and Development Practices, Organizational Commitment, Training Needs Assessment Formal System of Induction.

Title: Influence of Training and Development Practices on Organizational Commitment: A Case of Mumias Sugar Company Limited

Author: Muchibi Wilbrodah Mutsoli, Dr. Mbithi Shedrack Mutua,  Dr. Musiega Douglas, Janet Mumassabba

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: There are several funding sources utilized by SMEs which include bank loans, Sacco loans, Microfinance institutions, and personal savings, among others. The effects of these sources on the growth of SME vary. This paper explores the effects of Sacco Loan on the growth of SMEs within Juja town, Kiambu County, Kenya. Target population comprises of 60 SMEs within Juja town, and the desired sample size of 52 SMEs is used, Kathuri and Pals (1993). Due to homogeneity amongst the SMEs, cluster sampling is appropriate. The study employs descriptive research design because it portrays accurate responses from targeted owners and managers of SMEs within the target population. Primary data is collected using structured questionnaires and direct interviews. The relationship between the dependent variable (growth of the SMEs) and independent variables (Sacco loan) is determined using Pearson Correlation and descriptive statistics. The study established that source of funding significantly affects the growth of SMEs (p=0.05). Further, it is evident that the Sacco loans harbors great potential of aiding the growth of the SMEs and the study, therefore, recommends that more effort should be directed towards making the Sacco loans available to the SMEs operators at various levels.

Keywords: Small and Medium Enterprise, Savings and Credit Cooperative Society, Funding Source.

Title: Effects of Funding Source on Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises in Kenya:  A Case Study of Juja Town, Kiambu County

Author: Koech D. J., Oyugi L. A., Memba F. S.

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: The Kenyan poultry industry is characterized by dualism, comprised of both smallholder and large-scale poultry producers. The industry is characterized by two main production systems namely; the commercial hybrid poultry production system and the indigenous poultry production system. The general objective of this study was to analyze the value chain and market performance for guinea fowls and Quails in Kenya. The specific objectives were; to determine the extent to which product interrelations adjustment influence market performance of Guinea Fowls and Quails in Kenya; to examine the extent to which adjustment of market interrelationships influence market performance of Guinea Fowls and Quails in Kenya; to identify the extent to which change in technology and disease interrelations influence market performance for Guinea Fowls and Quails in Kenya; to establish the extent to which adjustment of capital interrelations influence market performance of guinea Fowls and quails in Kenya. The survey was conducted in Busia, Bungoma,Transnzoia, West Pokot, Turkana, Kiambu and Nairobi Counties. The research involved interviews on a population of 652 guinea fowls and quails farmers and 5 Kenya Wild Life Service Stations. A total of 197 questionnaires were distributed to the sample population. A pilot study on six guinea fowls and quail farmers was carried out. The survey used questionnaire as a tool of data collection. Data was analyzed using quantitative and qualitative techniques. Results were presented in form of tables. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze data by calculating frequencies and percentages. Microsoft Excel and SPSS software were used to analyze data. The actors in the value chain played a significant role in influencing the market performance of guinea fowls and quails. The study found that product interrelation factors, market interrelation factors, capital interrelation factors and technology and disease interrelation factors, all positively influenced market performance of guinea fowls and quails. The study therefore recommended that the ministry of livestock, agriculture and any other affiliated body should establish mechanisms that will boost this venture.

Keywords:  Guinea Fowls, Quails, value chain, market potential, indigenous poultry

Title: VALUE CHAIN AND MARKET PERFOMANCE FOR POULTRY IN KENYA:  CASE OF GUINEA FOWLS & QUAILS

Author: Kwesisi Victor, Margaret Oloko, Sheila Ommeh

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: All businesses are created in order to make profits and consequently maximize shareholders wealth. Working capital is important because it provides a measure of a firm’s ability to meet its short term debt obligations from its holding of current assets. A number of factors have been identified before as influencing the working capital ratios in organisations. These include cash conversion cycle, operating cash flow, leverage, firm size, return on assets, interest rate on loans, and economic growth of a country. This study is intended to assess the determinants of working capital requirements in the Technical University of Mombasa. The university has been selected given that it is one of the recently created public universities having transited from being a technical college and therefore the management of its working capital is important for its survival. Further, the working capital management is important for public universities in Kenya as there is currently no study that has addressed this issue in the public universities in Kenya. Available studies have mostly focused on listed firms.  The study is designed as a descriptive study. The focus focused on the Technical University of Mombasa and therefore the sample was restricted to the annual reports of the university from 2010 to 2012. Desk review was used to collect and analyse the data. The study finds that working capital requirements of TUM are influenced by its size, nature of business, credit period, seasonality, and potential growth, changes in price levels, access to money markets, working capital cycle and the efficiency of operations.

Keywords: Working Capital, Public Universities, Technical University of Mombasa, Kenya.

Title: Determinants of Working Capital Requirements in Public Universities in Kenya: A Case of Technical University of Mombasa

Author: UMULKULTHUM MUSA YEYA

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: Mobile technologies are progressing to advance and reform the technology landscape promotes a global connectivity where people can access information in a real time from anywhere. This revolution has changed the way business is conducted including Information Technology (IT) consulting organization to reconsider the benefits of mobile technology and inclusive mobility consulting strategies to retain clients and heightened consulting performance. IT consulting field focuses on providing expert advice and assistance on the best use of information technology to meet the business objectives of an organization including writing, modifying, testing and supporting software to meet the customer needs. Whereas, mobile technology refers to mobile applications allows communication or interaction via mobile devices. The advancement of mobile technology in the enterprise market has concerned many companies to face the challenges for their Enterprise mobility. Hence, IT consulting practices play a significant role in providing Enterprise Mobility Consultancy to turn the mobility challenges from a concern into a competitive advantage. This paper to study the successful enterprise mobility solution by examine the two IT consulting organizations and the services provided to their clients as mentioned in the literature review.

Keywords: IT consulting, Mobile technology, Mobile applications, Enterprise mobility, Enterprise Mobility Consultancy, Mobility challenges and Enterprise mobility solution.

Title: The Role of IT Consulting Practice: A Successful Enterprise Mobility Solution

Author: Nurul Fahimah bt Fakhri, Jamaludin Ibrahim

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: This paper presents a depth analysis of special economic zones (SEZs). This can be summarized that developments of SEZ to enhance the success of the country they are several forms of evaluation of SEZ depend on the objectives, incentives, strategy of SEZ in India. Most of those are about special law, exclusive regulation, a reduction of operation barriers, tax exemption and financial support. It examines the determinants and employment empirically within the theoretical frame work.

Keywords:  SEZs, Performance, Export, Employment, Investment.

Title: SEZ in India: Concept of Objectives and Strategy

Author: Dr. SP. Mathiraj, R. Saroja Devi

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: Job satisfaction can be defined as extent of positive feelings or attitudes that individuals have towards their jobs. When a person says that he has high job satisfaction, it means that he really likes his job, feels good about it and values his job dignity. Job satisfaction is important technique used to motivate the employees to work harder. It is often said that “A HAPPY OR SATISFIED EMPLOYEE IS A POSITIVE, PRODUCTIVE AND PROGRESSIVE EMPLOYEE”. This paper investigates the level of job satisfaction of Public Sector Bank employees in District Kathua (J&K.) identifying the satisfaction level of employees, various factors influencing satisfaction of employees and to study the relationship between personal factors of employees. Based on a survey, the paper attempts to gain insights into the satisfaction level from the perspective of the Bank employees. Factors including salary of employees, performance appraisal system, promotional strategies, employee’s relationship with management and other co- employees, training and development program, work burden and working hours are found important for improving job satisfaction of bank employees in banks. Increase in level of these factors improves overall satisfaction of employees.

Keywords: Public sector banks, Job satisfaction, Customer Satisfaction, Employees Performance, Employees Retention.

Title: Job Satisfaction among Bank Employees-A Study on District Kathua (Jammu & Kashmir)

Author: Ashu Bhola

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: Export processing zones have been in existence for decades but have attracted renewed attention in recent years. However, their success in promoting trade across countries is mixed. The main objective of the study was to investigate the effects of macroeconomic factors on the performance of EPZ in Mombasa. The specific objectives were to determine the extent to which the exchange rate control policies, the social economic issues, Kenya’s export-led growth strategy and the Government policy affects the performance of EPZ in Mombasa.

This study adopted descriptive design. Primary data was collected using semi- structured questionnaires. The researcher mailed the questionnaires to the respondents with a request to return after completing the same. Secondary data was sourced from the economic survey (2009) compiled by Kenya Bureau of statistics. Purposive sampling was used as the researcher targeted respondents who are knowledgeable in the area of study. Mainly this included the Chief Executive Officers of the EPZA, the EPZ, the Kenya investment Association (KIA). Qualitative and quantitative data was operationalized, categorized and then finally coded. Descriptive statistics was used in analysis. From the findings the study found out that there is a strong positive correlation between macroeconomic factors and growth in exports in the EPZ. The EPZ therefore view the economic factors as very important hence the specific macroeconomic variables have a positive effect on the growth of exports in the EPZ. The study recommended that the Government should aim at diversifying its exports to foreign markets as well as improving competitiveness of EPZs by providing special concessions on energy costs, improving labour relations by setting minimum wages and by improving the transport infrastructure and easing congestion at the ports. The Government should also lower VAT for business within the EPZ. Further, the Government should lay effective and efficient structure to compete like India and china by reviving collapsed industries such as textile by developing cost-effective cotton textile sectors that provide fabric inputs to the garment industry.

Keywords: Effect of Macro Economic Factors, Financial Performance, Export Processing Zones.

Title: The Effect of Macro Economic Factors on Financial Performance of Export Processing Zones in Kenya

Author: TIMOTHY KARIUKI SIMBA

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: The present study addressed the "impact of human resources management strategies on organizational performance " where has the objective of human resource management strategies and organizational performance being the growing attention to important topics and the relatively recent, which have a significant impact on the future of organizations in a rapidly changing competitive environment, human resources are one important source     of competitive advantage. Objective of the study is to reveal the pattern of human resources management strategies    in a sample of the study, and as if they were eligible for effective organizational performance and for this purpose formulated hypothesis major There is a impact with   any significant positive relationship between two variables: human resources management strategies (selection& Recruitment, motivation, training and developing) and organizational performance. And for testing hypotheses study used descriptive analytical method and applied to a sample of managers and their assistants and heads of departments in Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd . and data were collected by questionnaire, and field visits, personal interviews and some official documents to complete the study data. Was also used a number of statistical tools for data processing, including: arithmetic mean, percentage,   for the purpose of sample description, to test hypotheses. The study found a set of conclusions and recommendations as follows: The study reveals that there is significant improvement in the performance of the employees’ after appraisal. Show that the companies researched apply three strategies for the management of human resources, "the strategy of selecting and motivation strategy and training and development strategy and the recommendations was the management should also take proper care in handling dissatisfied employees, because they may create problems in the organization. And the organization should implement modern methods of performance appraisal such as performance management system (PMS).

Keywords: Human Resource strategies, Organizational Performance, Performance Appraisal. 

Title: The Impact of Human Resource Management Strategies on Organizational Performance

Author: Mohanad Ali Kareem

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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