Vol 5 Issue 1 April 2017-September 2017

Abstract: SMEs sector is called the growth engine of economic development in Bangladesh as it is the centric point in economic growth and development. The scope of SMEs are importantly large in size. This sector has significant capacity to generate employment opportunity. Now a day’s SMEs entrepreneurs are more innovative, enthusiastic, sophisticated, time sensitive and technologically expert. They try to adopt modern technology and expertise in their everyday business to increase productivity and reduce the cost of production. Government of Bangladesh is emphasizing more on SMEs sector for speedy growth of economics and creating employment opportunities. It has been considered as thrust sector by the Ministry of Industries of Bangladesh. Government of Bangladesh has realized that the SMEs sector is labor intensive sector, so it is the poverty alleviation tools. SME reduces the urban migration and develops the rural infrastructure. Since SMEs are based on comparatively small investment, so their growth and survival depends on ease access and operating excellence in the market, financial support from the Bank with easy condition. Now, Women entrepreneurs are highly stimulated to get involved in SMEs sector. In this above backdrop, Bangladesh Bank provides re-financing scheme and gives necessary instruction and guideline to the commercial Bank to keep the women entrepreneur dedicated desk. Besides, SME Foundation is providing necessary guideline, training and financial supports. SME business is classified on the basis of fixed assets excluding land & building and quantity of full time workers. SMEs sector contributes on GDP as 5% in the year 2012. It is speculated that SMEs employ about 22% to 25% of full aged population in developing countries.

Keywords: SMEs, economic growth and development, innovative, enthusiastic, sophisticated.

Title: Role of SMEs in Accelerating Growth of Economic Conditions in Bangladesh

Author: Md. Maniruzzaman

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

Research Publish Journals

Abstract: The general objective of the study was to analyze the effect of organizational structure on strategy implementation in non-governmental organizations in Kenya. The study was guided by three theories: The Competency Model Theory; The Resource Based theory and Holistic Strategy Implementation Theory. Descriptive research design was employed to determine the relationship between the dependent and the independent variables and to establish any association between these variables. The study population comprised a total of 36 employees of Land O’Lakes International Development from various organizational functions or divisions. The study adopted a stratified random sampling technique to come up with the required sample since the strata of the employees is homogeneous. The sample of this study was 33 respondents. The study adopted the use of a questionnaire to collect primary data. Questionnaires were self-administered and the researcher dropped the questionnaires personally. The study employed the Drop and pick method to administer the questionnaires. Descriptive statistics was applied to analyze quantitative data in order to generate percentages, means, median, mode, standard deviation and variance of both dependent and independent variables. Correlation analysis was done to establish whether there was correlation between independent variables and the dependent variable. This was achieved through the use of Pearson correlation. Data was presented in the form of frequency distribution tables, graphs and pie charts that facilitate description and explanation of the study findings. The respondents agreed that identifying the activities required to achieve inter-departmental objectives affect strategy implementation.

Keywords: Organization Structure, Strategy Implementation, Non-Governmental Organizations.

Title: Effect of Organizational Structure on Strategy Implementation in Non-Governmental Organizations in Kenya

Author: Benjamin Siele, Dr. Assumpta Kagiri

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

Research Publish Journals

Abstract: This study aimed at assessing the effects of trade finance on the financial effects of interest rate capping in Sidian Bank Limited. This study will therefore evaluate how trade finance, ICT development, innovation and banc assurance can remedy the financial effects of Interest rates capping in Sidian Bank Limited. The study adopted a Descriptive research design. The intended research was done in Sidian bank Limited, Kenya. The target population was 450 staff, it involved internal staff from all job levels. They involved the senior management, the middle management, the line managers and also the members of staff. This target population involved all members of staff in Sidian bank from the Head Office and the branches. The main data collection instruments that were used in this study included the self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics such as mean; standard deviation will be used to present various characteristics for data sets in the research study.

Keywords: Trade Finance, Interest Rate, Capping.

Title: EFFECTS OF TRADE FINANCE ON THE FINANCIAL EFFECTS OF INTEREST RATE CAPPING IN SIDIAN BANK LIMITED

Author: Timothy Kagiri Kuiyaki, Dr. Jane Omwenga

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations, 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

Research Publish Journals

Abstract: The general objective of the study was to determine the influence of leadership on implementation of occupational health and safety programs in Thika level 5 hospital. The study targeted a population of 568 employees of Thika level 5 Hospital from which a sample of 113 respondents were drawn using 20% of the target population. The sample was selected using stratified sampling technique. The researcher collected primary data using a questionnaire while secondary data was collected through existing literature relevant to the study.  The study employed both descriptive and inferential statistics to present and analyze the data.  Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistical tools namely frequencies, percentages, mean and standard deviation while inferential statistical tools such as correlation and regression were used to determine and explain variable relationship. A correlation analysis revealed a weak positive relationship between health and safety training and implementation of occupational health and safety programs.  The study findings revealed that there was a statistically significant positive relationship between leadership in OHS. The study recommended that workplaces and working environments should be planned and designed to be safe and healthy, the management should show support, commitment and facilitate health and safety programs through visionary leadership in occupational health and safety.

Keywords: Leadership, Occupational Health, Safety Programmes.

Title: Influence of Leadership on Implementation of Occupational Health and Safety Programs in Thika Level 5 Hospital

Author: Hirbe Solle Malle, Dr. Joyce Nzulwa

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

Research Publish Journals

Abstract: This study sought to examine the influence of quality training and employee performance in the telecommunication sector. The study focused on two telecommunications companies namely; Safaricom Kenya limited and Telkom Kenya limited strategically identified due to ease in data collection. Questionnaires were the primary identified instruments of data collection. The questionnaires were designed to incorporate open and closed ended questions. The collected data was collated, edited and cleaned for completeness and consistency to prepare it for coding. Descriptive statistics measures such as mean and standard deviations were used to analyze the data. Regression analysis was also used to test the relationship between training and the performance of employees at the identified study companies. The findings of the study are presented in percentages, graphs and bar charts for easy understanding. Further, the findings were interpreted so that the processed data can end up as information suitable for decision making by the end users and other consumers of this research. The study also established that there is a strong relationship (R-value = 0.761) between employee performance and employee training. The results further revealed that employee training accounts for 57.2% of the total variance in employee performance. The study further established that employee quality of training, has a positive and statistically significant effect on employee performance in the telecommunication sector in Kenya.

Keywords: Quality Training, Employee Performance, Telecommunication.

Title: QUALITY TRAINING AND EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE IN THE TELECOMMUNICATION SECTOR

Author: Faith Kelmen, Dr. Kepha Ombui, Dr. Mike A. Iravo

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

Research Publish Journals

Abstract: The study sought to establish the Effect of working capital management on the financial performance of listed non-financial firms in Kenya. The research design used was descriptive survey design. The data used was secondary data from 40 non-financial firms listed in the NSE. Data was extracted from Audited financial statements of various non-finance firms listed at the NSE and the analysis covered the period from the year (2011-2015). Data collected was recorded in data collection sheets and then coded and entered into SPSS Version 21 for further analysis. Descriptive statistical analysis involved means, standard deviation, minimum and maximum. Inferential statistical analysis involved the bivariate Pearson correlation analysis and multiple regression. The study found out that cash conversion cycle and accounts receivables had statistically significant effect on financial performance of listed non finance companies in Kenya. However, the effect of accounts payables and inventory turnover had statistically insignificant effect on financial performance of the same companies. The study thus concludes that working capital had a significant effect on financial performance of listed non-financial companies in Kenya as shown by ANOVA. The study further recommends that listed non finance companies should improve debt collection by reducing the accounts receivables period through means like giving debtors discount for prompt payments of outstanding debts.

Keywords: Working Capital Management, Financial performance, Listed-non financial Companies.

Title: Effect of Working Capital Management on Financial Performance of Listed Non-Financial Firms in Kenya

Author: Hiram Kariuki Macharia, Dr. Willy Muturi

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Internal Control Systems play assist in the realization of financial performance goals. The main objective of this study was to determine the effect of internal control systems on financial performance of Lamu County. The specific objectives of the study were: on To establish the effect of internal audit function financial performance in Lamu County; To determine the effect of risk management on financial performance in Lamu County. The study adopted a survey research design. Given the small number of employees in the finance department in Lamu County, census was used; hence the total 97 employees participated in the study. The study collected both primary and secondary data. The researcher used structured questionnaires to collect primary data. Data was analysed using descriptive statistical methods, frequencies and percentage with the aid of Microsoft Excel. It was presented using APA tables. The study concludes that Lamu County has an effective internal audit function that plays the role of monitoring and evaluating organization activities; It has an effective and efficient internal audit function which is able to detect fraud, but it is not able to prevent and control it;, an indication of good internal control systems. The study recommends that: The internal audit function in Lamu county should be empowered to not only detect fraud, but also be able to prevent and control it; Internal audit department should play a major role in fraud detection and prevention. The audit recommendations should be taken seriously in the county.The control environment and control activities should on a regular basis be evaluated by internal audit department to provide management with the assurance on the adequacy and effectiveness of mitigation controls that management has put in place.

Keywords: Internal Audit, Monitoring Activities, Efficiency, Financial Performance.

Title: The Effect of Internal Audit Function on Financial Performance in Lamu County, Kenya

Author: Mariam Abdalla Bunu, Dr. Jane Omwenga

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

Research Publish Journals

Abstract: This paper discussing about the future of education system which how people, processes, and information technology are involve to transform current education system and what benefits can be acquired from it. We researched the cost and benefits acquire from this project, the system’s architecture and design as well as the suggestion for system implementation. We are using BMC and VPC as our tools to transform into schools of the future. This paper finales with a suggestion for the system that compatible to be implemented. This paper explore on how implementation of IT can give benefits to current educational system.

Keywords: Technology, Education system, Madrasah, Collaboration, Content sharing, BMC.

Title: Digitalization of Education System in Malaysia

Author: Ahmad Helmi, Muhammad Zen, Abdul Muhaimin

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Procurement in the Public Sector in Kenya has passed through many stages and made various strides to enhance its operations so that members and the general public are benefiting from it in a broad perspective. Although the government has been involved in streamlining the procurement system in the public sector it is marred by inefficiencies. The study aim was to investigate the factors that affect the procurement system specifically looking at the tendering process in the public sector in Kenya. The study was carried out on the Directorate of Public Service Management. The study was guided by the specific objectives: to find out the challenges to an effective tendering process in the procurement system; to find out the role and impact of rules and regulations concerning tendering in the public sector; And to find out the effect of procurement activities on operations of the Directorate of Public Service Management.  The study looked at past literature on the procurement tendering process with emphasis on procurement in public sector. The literature review also gave attention to regulation implications and the factors that need to be addressed before an institution can engage in tendering activities. The study will took up the descriptive research design using the Directorate of Public Service Management as the target population and researchers case. The study used primary data as its source and questionnaires as the main instrument of data collection. The findings of the study showed that the policies and guidelines to ensure that the process of procurement is not interfered with by individuals who have interests in the transactions made and especially in the tendering stage are not well spelled out. The study recommended that there is need for strengthening the policies and guidelines for procurement to promote transparency in tendering process. The study is intended to add into information on procurement and tendering processes and help in informing the factors to be considered in drafting the same.

Keywords: Tendering, Procurement and Performance.

Title: ROLE OF TENDERING PROCESS ON PROCUREMENT PERFORMANCE IN PUBLIC SECTOR IN KENYA: A CASE OF DIRECTORATE OF PUBLIC SERVICE MANAGEMENT

Author: COSMUS MUTWIRI NJAGI, DR NOOR ISMAIL

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

Research Publish Journals

Abstract: The general objective of this study was to investigate the influence of project contracting on the performance of ICT projects in Kenya. A case of study Aviat Networks, Nairobi County. This study was guided by the following specific objectives: to establish the influence of procurement procedures, client-contractor relationship, stakeholder support and service legal agreement on the performance of ICT projects in Kenya. This study was carried out through a descriptive research design. The target population comprised of 63 respondents comprising of 5 project managers and 58 project team members in Aviat Networks. Simple random sampling was used to select the project managers and the project team members. The sample size was 50 respondents comprising of 4 project managers and 46 project team members. The research instruments employed in the study were questionnaires for the project team members and interviews for the project managers. The study revealed that procurement procedures, client-contractor relationship, stakeholder support and service legal agreement had a positive and significant effect on performance of ICT projects in Kenya. The study concluded that the organization carry out comprehensive feasibility study and strategic assessments before contracting. Statement of needs is done before organization looks for the contractors and the need identification can positively and significantly influence performance of ICT projects in Kenya. stakeholder support is crucial in the performance of ICT projects as it highlights the effective management  of  relationships  between  a  project  and  its  key  stakeholders  in  order  to  ensure project  success. There is a clear communication established between the client and the contractor so as to improve the performance of ICT projects. A written, detailed description of the scope of the project, regular status updates etc is always done so as to ensure that there is an organized client-contractor interactions. The organization has structures and reporting lines that are well defined and implemented for contracting. The contracting agreements, regulatory controls, legal documents, standards and procedures are clearly specified and SLAs are not ambiguous and incoherent for contracting. This has positively and significantly influenced performance of ICT projects in Kenya. The study recommended that the organization should carry out need identification before contracting their roads project as it affects performance of the organization. This emanates from the fact that quite a number of the respondents disagreed that combination of pooled knowledge and technical capacities that allow an organization to be competitive in the marketplace is considered before contracting. There is need to understand stakeholder influence is a key ingredient of successful completion of ICT projects in Kenya. The organizations project managers should try to acknowledge concerns of all stakeholders and in a dialogue seek to reconcile conflicting interests, culminating in the effective performance of ICT projects. There should be a mutual understanding between the client and the contractor in the contracting relationship so as to handle both opportunities and threats. The organizations should have structures and reporting lines that are well defined and implemented for contracting. The contracting agreements, regulatory controls, legal documents, standards and procedures should be clearly specified not ambiguous and incoherent for contracting. This study suggested that further studies should be carried out on how project management practices influence performance of ICT projects in Kenya.

Keywords: Aviat Networks, ICT Projects, organized client-contractor interactions.

Title: Influence of Project Contracting On the Performance of ICT Projects in Kenya:  A Case Study of Aviat Networks, Nairobi County

Author: BEATRICE SIGILAI, PROF MIKE IRAVO

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

Research Publish Journals

Abstract: The main objective of the study was to determine the influence of credit risk on performance of commercial Banks in Kenya. The measures of credit risk for this research were capital adequacy, non-performing loans ratio, loans to total deposit ratio. Despite the banking sector stability and resilience in 2015, two non-systemic banks, were placed in receivership by the Central Bank of Kenya this was attributed to liquidity risk and failure to owner debt, lack of adequate provision for non-performing loans. Secondary data were used in the study. A population of 44 commercial banks in Kenya was used of which 2 were under receivership and one under statutory management. Panel data for 30 commercial banks that had data for 10 year period from 2006 to 2015 were obtained from the central bank of Kenya and banks website. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and random and fixed effects regression were used using E-views software. The findings were credit risk had a negative relationship with performance hence managers should aim at reducing this risk to increase performance for commercial banks in Kenya.

Keywords: Credit Risk, Non-Performing Loans, Capital Adequacy.

Title: Influence of Credit Risk on Performance of Commercial Banks in Kenya

Author: Maniagi Musiega, Dr. Tobias Olweny, Dr.Clive Mukanzi, Dr. Mbithi Mutua

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

Research Publish Journals

Abstract: The main objective of this research was to look into effect of pricing at a premium on the competitiveness of the product in the communication industry market in Kenya Pricing of products to achieve higher profit margins often becomes a huge challenge for most managers of communications product development teams, especially if the product is new to the specific category. A descriptive research design was utilized in this study. The sample comprised three divisions within Safaricom Kenya limited. The product development teams, more so those dealing with pricing from the selected departments constituted the target population. Stratified random sampling was used to sample 50 respondents. A questionnaire was used to collect data through drop and pick method. The gathered data was analysed using descriptive studies. The study found out that premium pricing influences strategic pricing decisions.

The study recommended that companies through its policy makers should come up with high product prices that will help control and stabilize the products return in the market.

Keywords: Pricing, Premium, Communication Industry.

Title: Effect of Pricing at a Premium on the Competitiveness of the Product in the Communication Industry Market in Kenya

Author: Kennedy Narotso Odunga, Dr. Jane Omwenga

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Studies on the relationship between ownership structure and dividend policies in Kenya has produced mixed results hence the need for further research in this area with the main focus on the banking industry. The purpose of the study was to find the influence of management ownership on dividend policy of commercial banks in Kenya. The study was guided by the agency theory. Descriptive survey was adopted as the main research design for the study. The target populations were all the 43 commercial banks licensed to operate in Kenya and all the chief finance officers employed by the 43 commercial banks. A census approach was adopted with 43 commercial banks being targeted in the study the study collected primary data by administering a structured questionnaire. The results of the study showed a positive relationship between management ownership and dividend policy. The study recommends that investors consider ownership structure when making investment decisions.

Keywords: Management Ownership, Ownership Structure, Dividend Policy.

Title: Influence of Management Ownership on Dividend Policy of Commercial Banks in Kenya

Author: Fred Wasike, Dr. Shedrack Mbithi Mutua, Mr. Munir Mganda

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Capital structure is an important management decision as it greatly influences the owners‟ equity return, the owners‟ risks as well as the market value of the shares. The main objective of this research study was to establish the influence of firm specific factors on capital structure of listed manufacturing and allied firms in the NSE. Specifically, the study sought to establish whether and the extent to which tangibility of assets, profitability, firm size, and firm growth influence capital structure of listed manufacturing and allied firms in the NSE. This study was carried out through a descriptive research method. The target population for this study included all 10 firms listed in the NSE under the manufacturing & allied segment. The study used secondary data. Secondary data was gathered from published annual financial statements and reports of the manufacturing and allied companies. Data for the period of 5 years (2012-2016) was collected for this study. This study used multiple regression analysis. A regression was then run to measure the impact of the independent variables on the dependent variable. Correlation Coefficient (r) was determined and used to measure the strength of the relationship between the dependent variable (Leverage) and each of the independent variables. The results indicate that over the five years period the manufacturing and allied firms had a mean leverage of 0.59, profitability of 3.20, firm size of 0.03, asset tangibility of 1.11, and firm growth mean of 0.21. The study findings established a correlation value of 0.846. This depicts a strong linear dependence between the two variables. An R-square value of 0.776 was established and adjusted to 0.653. The coefficient of determination depicts that 77.6% of the variations in leverage can be explained by tangibility of assets (TA), profitability (P), firm size (FS), and firm growth (FG) meaning that there are other factors that influence the total leverage of the segment. This study concludes profitability, firm size, asset tangibility, and firm growth are determinants of the capital structure of manufacturing and allied industry firms in Kenya. The most influential variable is the asset tangibility, followed by firm size and firm growth. Liquidity has the least impact on leverage of the cement manufacturing firms in Kenya. Then there is need to replicate the study using many other industries in Kenya in an attempt to compare the findings. There is need to carry out a similar study with the objective of addressing financial structure of firms as opposed to capital structure. This would be worthwhile because it was noticed that a number of firms used large amounts of short term borrowing rather than long term debt.

Keywords: Firm Specific Factors, Allied Firms, tangibility of assets (TA).

Title: The Influence of Firm Specific Factors on Capital Structure: Case of Listed Manufacturing and Allied Firms in the Nairobi Securities Exchange

Author: Maina Peter Ng’ang’a, Dr. Jane Omwenga

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

Research Publish Journals

Abstract: The central theme of the CPFR guidelines was to align processes and standardize technologies to share forecast and other planning information securely, simultaneously, globally, and in real-time. In order to increase the accuracy of forecasts and to improve the ability of retailers to quickly respond to changes in market conditions, the Voluntary Inter-Industry Commerce Standards association (VICS) first proposed the collaborative, planning, forecasting and replenishment (CPFR) model in 1998.The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of collaborative planning, forecasting and replenishment adoption on procurement performance in retail sector in Kenya, a case of Nakumatt holdings. This study evaluated how ICT integration, Organizational policy, Cost reduction and Lead time in CPFR affect procurement performance in retail sector. The theoretical review constituted of Diffusion of Innovation Theory, Institutional Theory, Transaction Cost Theory and Theory of Constraints. This study adopted a descriptive research design. The target population was 450 consisting of a sample frame of directors, head of departments, procurement and supply chain officers, logistics officers and ICT officers. Using Masuria formula, a sample size for the study was determined. The study used stratified sampling where proportionate sampling was used to determine the specific sample size of each stratum. Self-administered questionnaires were used to obtain primary data while journals, books and e-resources were used to obtain secondary data. Data analysis was done using SPSS V21. Descriptive data was presented using frequency distribution tables and percentages. The study established that there was a very strong positive correlation (r = 0.79, p< 0.05) between ICT adoption and procurement performance at Nakumatt holdings, very strong positive correlation (r = 0.61, P<0.05 ) between organizational policies and procurement performance at Nakumatt holdings, a very strong positive correlation (r = 0.73, P<0.05 ) between top management support on CPFR and procurement performance at Nakumatt holdings and a strong positive relationship (r= 0.68, p<0.05) between CPFR in procurement and reduced lead time. It was also revealed that, 43.3% of the respondents strongly agreed that CPFR adoption increased customer satisfaction and that 31.7% strongly agreed that CPFR adoption increased profit.

Keywords: Forecasting, Replenishement and Performance.

Title: ROLE OF COLLABORATIVE PLANNING FORECASTING AND REPLENISHMENT ADOPTION ON PROCUREMENT PERFORMANCE IN RETAIL SECTOR IN KENYA: A CASE STUDY OF NAKUMATT HOLDINGS

Author: JACKSON MUNYASYA MUNYOKI, DR. NOOR ISMAIL

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

Research Publish Journals