Vol 6 Issue 1 April 2018-September 2018

Abstract: This study attempts to measure the performance of the top 10 Indian companies in the Information Technology industry. The main objective of this study is to determine the financial performance of IT companies through internal and external measures. The internal performance is measured by applying the DuPont model of analysis. The measures of Return on equity (ROE), Return on asset (ROA) and the profit margin of the companies have been considered for the analysis. The stock prices have been considered as the external measure of performance. The study had been undertaken for a ten-year period from 2007 to 2017. A detailed financial analysis of all ten companies using the DuPont system shows that L&T Infotech has higher ROE, ROI, Net profit margin, Financial leverage.

Keywords: DuPont Analysis, Return on equity, Return on Assets, Financial Performance, Information technology.

Title: Financial Performance of Information Technology Industry in India using Du-Pont Analysis

Author: Deepak R, Dr. Kavitha D

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: The issue of service delivery is purely a human resource management responsibility and as such the human resource departments have to employ strategies like structural empowerment in order to improve service delivery. Results from various studies worldwide on structural empowerment suggest that this strategy leads to improved job satisfaction and organizational production. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of structural empowerment on job satisfaction. The target population of the study was 220 employees which also formed the sample size.  Data was collected by the use of a structured questionnaire. Both descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were used to test for the relationship between structural empowerment and job satisfaction. The findings of this study are that structural empowerment has a statistically significant influence on job satisfaction. The implication of these findings is that organizations have to invest highly in structural empowerment in order to improve the job satisfaction of its employees and hence productivity.

Keywords: Empowerment, Structural empowerment, Employee job satisfaction, Human resource management.

Title: INFLUENCE OF STRUCTURAL EMPOWERMENT ON JOB SATISFACTION

Author: Linet Busieka, Dr. Clive M. Mukanzi

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations

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Abstract: Worth noting Tax payer education program has turned into one of the strategies of improving service delivery to the tax payers. However, improving service delivery is critical to enhance voluntary tax compliance. It is against this background, this study intends to uncover the influence of tax payer education on voluntary tax compliance in Tanzania a case study of Monduli district office. Specifically the study will be guided by the following research objectives; to assess the effect of print and electronic media taxpayer education programmes on tax compliance in Tanzania. To establish the influence of print media tax education programme on taxpayer compliance in Tanzania. To determine the influence of website-based taxpayer education programme on voluntary tax compliance in Tanzania. To explore the influence of tax stakeholder workshops on the level of voluntary tax compliance in Tanzania. The target population included the TRA employees at Monduli District as well as taxpayers at the District, all totalling to 1997. A sample of 60 respondents was used to collect data through the use of interview as well as questionnaires. Data collected were analysed by using frequency and percentages and findings are interpreted accordingly. On other hands the data analysis tools will depict how tax payer education influence voluntary tax compliance in Tanzania. The data analysis tools used were descriptive in nature. The study established that education through print media, website-based taxpayer education, and tax stakeholders’ workshops had a significant effect on the level of voluntary tax compliance in Tanzania. Further, print and electronic media taxpayer education programmes greatly improved voluntary tax compliance.

Keywords: Taxpayer education, Print and electronic education, Stakeholder workshops, Voluntary tax compliance, Web-based taxpayer education.

Title: THE INFLUENCE OF TAX PAYER EDUCATION ON VOLUNTARY TAX COMPLIANCE IN TANZANIA: A CASE STUDY OF MONDULI DISTRICT OFFICE

Author: Gotora Phillemon, Dr. Samuel Obino Mokaya

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

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Abstract: There has been increased poor performance of textile industry in the recent past. This has been largely attributed to non-compliance of safety standards in the textile industry. The work environment consists of various factors which introduce new dimensions to health, causing diseases and injuries which include, work accidents and exposure to hazards. In this regard, the purpose of this study was to determine the influence of safety promotional policies on employee performance in textile manufacturing companies in Kenya. The study population included all the textile manufacturing companies in export processing zone which are 22 under Epz program. This study sampled 400 respondents; selection will be based on cluster random sampling. A cluster of 6 was sampled out of a total of 18 clusters. Individual respondents were sampled using systematic random sampling technique. The first respondent was sampled using simple random sampling then the rest were sampled using the interval of 7. This study adopted a descriptive cross sectional research design.  Data was collected using questionnaire and key informants interview. Data was revised, coded for computerized data entry. A statistical technique that was used was Pearson correlation and stepwise analysis. Statistical methods was applied including descriptive statistics (i.e. frequency percent, mean, standard deviation) and tests of significance (Analysis of variance) which was done using the statistical package (SPSS version 22) to ascertain relationship between independent and dependent variable. P-values were considered as statistically significant when less than 0.05. There was a significant positive relationship (r = 0.791, P = 0.0001). Better safety promotional policies in the organization resulted into better performance of the employees in an organization.

Keywords: textile industry, textile manufacturing companies, safety, Work Safety Compliance.

Title: Safety Promotional policies and employee performance in textile manufacturing companies in Kenya

Author: Collins Nyantari Keraka, Dr. Jane Omwenga, Dr. James Kilika

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

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Abstract: An innovation is an idea, practice or object that is perceived as new by an individual or other unit of adoption. Financial innovation involves design, development and implementation of innovative financial instruments and processes and formulation of creative solutions to problems in finance. Financial innovation has played a big role in the provision of financial services in the world. It has enabled faster and efficient provision of financial services. This is in line with the Kenya vision 2030 which aims at creating a vibrant and globally competitive financial sector that will create jobs and promote high levels of savings which help in financing the country’s overall investment requirements. This paper presents the background knowledge about financial innovation and financial performance of commercial banks. The objectives of the study is: to review the conceptual, theoretical and empirical literature with respect to financial innovation and financial performance of commercial banks; to identify conceptual, theoretical and empirical gaps with respect to financial innovation and financial performance of commercial banks; to come up with a conceptual framework with respect to financial innovation and financial performance of commercial banks.

Keywords: Financial Innovation, Financial Performance, Commercial Banks, Internet Banking, Mobile Banking, Agency Banking and ATM Banking.

Title: Financial Innovation, Financial Inclusion, Financial Liquidity and Financial Performance of Commercial Banks: Conceptual, Theoretical and Empirical Literature Review

Author: Gichuki Joseph Muthee, Dr. Jagongo Ambrose

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Abstract: The aim of any banking institution is to operate profitably so as to maintain its stability, growth and expansion. For all institutions in the banking industry lending is the core activity. Therefore loans are the dominant asset and also generate the largest share of the operating income and represent the industry’s greatest risk exposure. The banking industry in Kenya is facing various challenges, and loan non-performance and interest rate fluctuations are key issues that are threatening the stability and growth of the industry. This paper has provided a brief background on the topic, reviewed theories such as economic theory of private credit; the information asymmetry theory; the information screening theory; the credit or debt theory of money and the theory of financial intermediation. The paper further reviwed empirical literature touching on the main theme; it further provides a platform for further research under conclusion and recommendation.

Keywords: Information Asymmetry, Credit Information Sharing, Loan Performance.

Title: CRITICAL REVIEW ON LITERATURE ON INFORMATION ASSYMETRY, CREDIT INFORMATION SHARING AND LOAN PERFORMANCE: A RESEARCH AGENDA

Author: Gitari John Muthii, Dr. Jagongo Ambrose, Kenyanya Husborn Osoro

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations

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Abstract: In many organizations, staff development is recognized as a key force or drive for performance and growth. This has caused an increase for demand of its implementation accompanied by a number of challenges. This research project was based on a case study at the Technical University of Mombasa (TUM) in order to assess and find out the effects of staff development on organizational performance. The research project explained the researcher’s purpose of assessing staff development as one component of Human Resource Development geared towards improving both employee and organizational effectiveness through improvement of employees’ skills, attitudes and behavior. The study was a case study design with reference to Public Universities whose structures are homogeneous and the findings thereof were to be inferential. This study aimed on a population size of 250 employees with a sample size of 152 (61% of target population) of a stratified sample of both Academic and Non-Academic staff, Administrators, Directors and Human Resource Managers. The study adopted use of questionnaires as a tool for data collection whereas data analysis was done by use of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS Version 20.0) analysis software to aid in calculation of descriptive statistics. The analysis of quantitative data was done using descriptive statistics (mean scores and standard deviation) and regression analysis. The regression analysis was done using SPSS to examine the nature (positive or negative) and significance of the relationships between the variables in the study. The dependent variable was organizational performance while the independent variables were staff mentorship, career development and succession planning. The researcher finally put down a summary of the findings, made conclusions and recommendations on how staff development affects organizational performance. Based on the analysis, it was clear that staff mentorship provides employees with the support in identifying opportunities that help them define career goals and to create plans within the context of organizational realities. Career development allows the employee to develop their knowledge, skills and abilities required to enhance their current job and prepares them for future job opportunities. Succession planning on the other hand allows organization ensure that employees are recruited and developed to fill each key role within the University. With the dispensation of 21st Century, it is essential that organizations place a high value on staff development. This will allow employees to fulfill their career needs, and organizations will benefit by retaining a greater number of their competent and qualified employees. The study therefore emphasized on the purposeful development and utilization of people within the organization. It also underlined the perspective set forth throughout the text that an organization’s progress depends on the extent to which people are positively motivated and developed. The study further outlined major recommendation that organizations’ management need to put in place to realize effective performance. These included provision of formal mentoring structure in order to build a strong relationship between staff mentorship functions and staff development more so on informal mentoring as it helps to build personal relationships, which yield positive outcomes for the organization, mentee and mentor. A Career Development Policy be developed and implemented which encompasses all phases of training and lastly organizations to groom and develop their members of staff to ensure that they know what is expected to fill the vacant positions should a need arise.

Keywords: Staff mentorship, Career development, Succession planning and Organizational performance.

Title: EFFECT OF STAFF DEVELOPMENT ON THE PERFORMANCE OF TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF MOMBASA, KENYA

Author: DR. JEAN MUTINDI MZERA UZEL

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Abstract: This paper examines the performance evaluation between the individual commodities and commodity mutual funds based on the returns and risk using the monthly data for the period 2011 to 2017. When managed properly, commodity investments have historically represented the asset class most highly correlated with inflation and least correlated with stock and bond returns. In other words, commodities are a hedge against inflation and a tool for diversification. Commodity mutual fund yield better return and minimised risk. Investing in commodities is one of the best means of hedging a portfolio that is otherwise dominated by stocks against unexpected financial or political crises or ordinary economic downturns. It’s found evidence that differences in performance between individual commodity and commodity mutual funds persist over time and that this persistence is consistent with the ability of fund managers to earn abnormal returns.

Keywords: commodity, Funds, Mutual Funds, Performance, Return, Volatility, Growth.

Title: PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF COMMODITY MARKETS AND COMMODITY MUTUAL FUNDS

Author: SATHISHA H K

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

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Abstract: In most cases, devolution is concerned with sharing of natural resources as well as decentralization of power within the county. Even though people participate in guaranteeing good governance, there exists an information gap on what comprises citizen participation and its role in efficient management of counties in Kenya. The aim of this research was to evaluate the influence of citizen participation and performance of county governance in Kenya. Specific objectives that were guided by the study where: to find out the technological factors that affect citizen participation in Vihiga county governance, to establish socio-cultural factors influencing citizen participation in Vihiga county, to determine institutional factors influencing citizen participation in the governance of Vihiga county, and to find out individual determinants of citizen participation in the governance of Vihiga county. The study was guided by two theories namely; the civic voluntarism theory and the public value theory. The study adopted Simple random and purposive research design targeting 530 respondents from the county of Vihiga.  This comprised of Vihiga county Ministries, The Public service board, constituencies, Sub-county wards. For the 10 County Ministries, 10 respondents was sampled from each ministry. For the Public service board, a sample of 5 respondents was selected for the study. For the 6 constituencies, a sample of 100 citizens was selected for the study. The constituencies included Emuhaya, Hamisi, Luanda, Sabatia and Vihiga constituencies. A sample of 10 respondents from each of the 25 sub-county ward were interviewed.The finding were.The study recommended that more awareness be created among the members of the public. This will encourage their participation in governance as they will know the importance of participation and ways by which they can participate.The study also recommended that County government should be accountable for the County resources by eliminating corruption, tribalism and nepotism. This will change the attitude of the people towards participating in governance as it will reflect true and fair allocation of resources and job opportunities.The study further recommended that members of the public should change their attitude towards participation in governance and create time within their busy schedules. Their participation will allow the incorporation of their views for the betterment of lives.The study finally recommended that members of the public should be allowed to participate in governance without discrimination based on gender. This will encourage general public participation thus ensuring effective governance and development aimed at improving the lives of the public.

Keywords:  Citizen, participation and the performance.

Title: INFLUENCE OF CITIZEN PARTICIPATION AND THE PERFORMANCE OF COUNTY GOVERNANCE; CASE STUDY OF VIHIGA COUNTY

Author: Tony Omuhoma Olubayo, Prof. Mike .A. Iravo

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

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Abstract: This study focused on determining the role of warehouse automation on supply chain performance in distribution firms in Kenya. Several studies for instance Emmett, 2005 report that logistics solutions company, Siginon Global Logistics launched cloud software in its Nairobi warehouses.The system increased operational efficiency and reduced stock taking and stacking time by more than 23 hours. Warehouse automation reduces costs, maximizes on operational efficiency and ensures faster processing of orders thereby improving a business return on assets, return on investments, organizational profitability and in overall the competitive edge of the business. The objectives of the study were; To establish the influence of staff training on supply chain performance in distribution firms in Kenya.; To establish the effect of lead-time on supply chain performance in distribution firms in Kenya.; To determine the level of customer satisfaction on supply chain performance in distribution firms in Kenya and To determine the level of significance of ICT integration on supply chain performance in distribution firms in Kenya. This study adopted a descriptive research design. The unit of analysis which is the study population consisted of the employees of Accelor Global Logistics Limited located in Nairobi. The unit of observation which is the target population consisted of the 450 employees of Accelor Global Logistics who work within the Nairobi office and the sample size was 82 respondents. Proportionate stratified sampling technique was used to determine the specific sample size of each strata and the study. Questionnaires were used to obtain primary data. Secondary data was obtained through published materials such as journals, audited accounts and annual reports. Data analysis was done through SPSS Version 24 and the analysed data was presented in form of tables and charts. F test (ANOVA) was conducted to ascertain the difference between groups on study variables. The study provided recommendations and guidelines the stakeholders at large on need for implementing automated warehouses and the possible gains the technology contributes onboard.

Keywords: warehouse automation, performance and distribution.

Title: ROLE OF WAREHOUSE AUTOMATION ON SUPPLY CHAIN PERFORMANCE IN DISTRIBUTION FIRMS IN KENYA: A CASE OF ACCELER GLOBAL LOGISTICS LIMITED

Author: DENIS ODERA, DR. ISMAEL NOOR

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

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Abstract: Evidence of a deepening ‘financing gap’ amidst growing demand, and mutually inclusive strategies and policy interventions raises questions as to the causal factors limiting the supply of debt financing to Tanzania’s large scale agro-industries. The study therefore aimed at analysing the causal factors, limiting the supply of debt financing. Employing both descriptive and exploratory research designs, it analysed the degree to which Tanzania’s large scale agro-industrial sector had the pre-requisites to qualify for financing; the preparedness of the banking system to meet such demand; and the adequacy of the existing policy environment in addressing the gap. The findings revealed despite an adequate creditworthiness profile amongst Tanzania’s large scale agro-industries the country’s banking system was yet to adjust to meet the unique financing needs.

Keywords: agro-industry, large scale agro-industry, financing gap, demand, supply.

Title: Analysing The Financing Gap in Tanzania’s Large Scale Agro-Industrial Sector

Author: Doris Odit Achenga

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations

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Abstract: The liquidation of 8 banks-between 2016 and 2018 pointed to the re-emergence of the bank failure trend that characterized the 1990-2005 period, and raised questions as to the potential for a fully-fledged systemic banking crisis within Tanzania. Therefore, the study, though descripto-explanatory research design aimed at scanning for early warning indicators of bank failure risk arising from institution specific and regulatory deficiencies.  Findings showed bank’s internal control systems to be riddled with specific gaps despite to a large extent being robust; and the central bank to have inadequate minimum bank capital requirements, liberal licensing polices, to be overly reliant on offsite rather than onsite supervision and to be subject to political interference.  

Keywords: Bank Failure, Risk, Banks, Tanzania.

Title: Assessing the Exposure of Tanzania’s Banks to the Risk of Failure

Author: Salome Michelle Akite

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations

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Abstract: Research has it that developing countries face major challenges that are related to the provision of poor quality healthcare services which have been attributed to inadequate knowledge and skills compounded with low staff members. M&E in Kenya is weak with poor information and data sharing. Through HMIS, Kenya has streamlined its data collection whereby data flow channels have been defined and information sharing among stakeholders has been embraced. However, the existing M&E systems still have disjointed activities, numerous program-specific M&E structures and the existing M&E systems satisfying the reporting needs of donors. These challenges have created a weak culture of information use and demand. The objective of the study was to determine the effects of M&E human capacity on health service delivery. Descriptive research design was employed, a sample of 113 health facilities was sampled using LQAS sampling technique, primary data was collected using researcher designed questionnaires while secondary data was collected through review of relevant literature. Quantitative data was analysed using SPSS while qualitative data was analysed using qualitative content analysis and triangulated with quantitative data. The findings indicated that M&E human capacity could explain 84.4% of variability in health service delivery. The study recommended that capacities of existing M&E practitioners be developed and ensuring institutional memory where every trained M&E practitioner trains at least one other person. The researcher suggested areas for further research to include a similar study that compares the findings from public, private, NGO and FBO health facilities in both rural and urban areas.

Keywords: human capacity, effective, monitoring and evaluation, health service delivery, determinants.

Title: Determinants of Effective Monitoring and Evaluation in Health Service Delivery: A Case of Nairobi City County Health Facilities

Author: GEOFFREY KABUKWES KIBOI, DR. JENNIFER KILONZO, PROF. MIKE IRAVO

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations

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Abstract: The objective of this is to examine the relationship between external debt portfolio in Kenya and financial Risk in repayment. The study has four objectives; To examine the relationship between bilateral external debts and financial risk, To examine the relationship between multilateral external debts and financial risk, To examine the relationship between commercial banks external debts and financial risk and To examine the relationship between supplier credit external debts and financial risk. The study involves a collection of secondary data regarding the public debt from the IMF, World Bank and The National Treasury. The study period is from the year 2000 to the year 2017.  The study shall only use secondary data which shall be empirically analyzed to assess the relationship between the variables. The researcher shall use E-views and Stata Software to facilitate the analysis and presentation of data. The findings shall assist economists and financial advisors to advise the Kenyan government on the right portfolio of external debt to be held.

Keywords: External Debt, Financial Risk, World Bank, IMF, Bilateral Debts, Multilateral Debt, Public Debt, Debt Servicing. 

Title: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EXTERNAL DEBT PORTFOLIO IN KENYA AND FINANCIAL RISK IN REPAYMENT

Author: MR. HUSBORN OSORO KENYANYA, DR. AMBROSE JAGONGO, MR. JOHN M. GITARI

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

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Abstract: The Ministry of Civil Aviation (MoCA), Government of India released the National Civil Aviation Policy 2016 (NCAP 2016). One of the objectives of NCAP 2016 is to “enhance regional connectivity through fiscal support and infrastructure development”.

RCS (Regional Connectivity Scheme), an initiative by Government of India through the MoCA (Ministry of Civil Aviation) is officially called as UDAN (Ude Desh ka Aam Naagrik). The objective of UDAN is "Let the common citizen of the country fly", and aimed to make air travel to India’s tier II and tier III cities affordable to the aam aadmi

The idea is to put smaller cities and remote regions on the aviation map, by getting domestic airlines to fly more regional routes. At the beginning of the scheme, out of total 486 airports, 406 were participating unserved airports, 27wellserved airports out of 62 non-RCS airports and 12 operational out of 18 participating underserved regional operational airports (Nov 2016) with regular fixed-wing scheduled flights. Scheme will add to this number by expediting the development and operationalisation of India's potential-target of nearly 425 unserved, underserved and mostly underdeveloped regional airports with regular scheduled flights.

This study highlights some of the opportunities and challenges of the RCS (Regional Connectivity Scheme), which are directly or indirectly impacting the Indian aviation (mainly airlines and airports) sector and economy in terms of infrastructure, job and investment opportunities for airlines and investors.

Keywords: National Civil Aviation Policy, RCS (Regional Connectivity Scheme), airlines and investors.

Title: IMPACT OF RCS ON INDIAN AVIATION & ECONOMY

Author: Shweta Yadav

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations

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