Vol 6 Issue 1 April 2018-September 2018

Abstract: E-learning is widely used in the education sector in nowadays; hence, it is essential to study the effects of technology implementation on performance of students. There are numerous studies about academic performance however; studies on e-learning in Kenya are minimal. The objective of the study was to investigate the influence of teacher experience on performance of international schools in Nairobi City County, Kenya. The study used a descriptive research design. The study targeted 480teaching staff of the 15 mainstream International Schools in Nairobi. Stratified proportionate-random sampling technique was used in sample selection. The population was grouped into 7 strata related to their departments. From each stratum, simple random sampling was used to select 44.6% of the population of that stratum. Giving a total sample of 214, this represents 44.6% of the total population. Data collection was by use of semi-structured questionnaires. Content analysis, descriptive analysis and inferential analysis were employed. The study revealed that, experience in teaching influences the use of information communication technology in schools, further teacher experience on use of ICT in assisting students is a result of perceived ease of use of ICT in assisting students. The study recommends that the government should come up with strategies to train the teachers on technology and the school management should ensure their teachers undergo refresher courses on computers to equip them to teach the children.

Keywords: E-Learning Implementation, Teacher Experience, Performance

Title: TEACHER EXPERIENCE ON PERFORMANCE OF INTERNATIONAL SCHOOLS IN NAIROBI CITY COUNTY, KENYA

Author: Muteshi Michael Tendwa, Dr. Kirui Caleb

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract:  Digital transformation is the change that associated with the application of the digital technology in all aspects of human lives. The term or concept of “going paperless” as a reference affects both individual businesses and whole parts of society such as government, mass communications, arts, medicine, science and also education. For higher education, as the world nowadays appears to be driven by the disruptive change in the forces of technology, economic, political and education sector which threaten to undermine the business model, governmental support and operation. Malaysian higher education system must transform in order to survive in an increasingly competitive global economic environment. One of the transformation initiatives is the digital transformation of the Malaysian universities. Hence, the focus of this paper is to digitally transform University of Kuala Lumpur (UniKL). The methodology used is based on COBIT implementation framework, literature review, interview, and business-modelling framework. The main contribution of the paper is a conceptual enhanced business model and game changers specifically for digitally transforming UniKL, and generally can be adapted by other universities.

Keywords:  digital transformation, university of the future, higher education, BMC, VPC.

Title: Digital Transformation of UniKL BMI – An Enhanced Conceptual Business Model “University of the Future”

Author: Zul Fikri Abu Bakar, Muhammad Syahmi bin Zai Zani, Amirul Hakim Ajahar, Abdul Rahman Ahmad Dahlan

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Abstract: The relationship between leadership style and turnover intentions was investigated among 48 supervisors and 192 subordinates, men and women between ages 18 to 65, randomly selected from four randomly selected hospitals with the southern region of the United States. A descriptive correlational research methodology guided by a positivist paradigm was deployed in this investigation. Instrumentation for the study included the Leadership Effectiveness Adaptability Descriptors (LEAD–Self and LEAD–Other), Jackofsky and Slocum’s 1987 Turnover Intent scale, and demographic questionnaire. Statistical analysis using SPSS 24 software included Pearson correlation, and descriptive statistics. Results indicated that the most frequently used leadership style was selling/coaching, followed by participating as perceived by both staff and supervisors. In addition, both supervisors and staff had similar perceptions in relation to supervisors’ leadership adaptability. The Pearson correlation matrix revealed significant negative relationship between leadership styles L, SL, PL, and turnover intentions (TI), and significant positive relationship between TL, and DL, and TI. Results of the linear regression revealed that DL and TL significantly positively predicted TI, while L, SL, and PL significantly negatively predicted TI.

Keywords:  Turnover intentions, Leadership style, Leadership adaptability, Employee.

Title: Is Supervisor Leadership Style Related to Employee Turnover Intentions?

Author: Dr. David Augustine Bull

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Abstract: Homophily is the tendency for people to associate disproportionately with others who are perceived to be similar. The term is used to explain phenomena in group socialization and agreement. This study was designed using the Perceived Homophily Measure (PHM) as a metric for measuring rapport in leadership socialization. Matching and mirroring (MM), a rapport-building tactic was tested quantitatively for its relationship to PHM. The study was grounded in the social identity theory, the social presence theory, the leader-member exchange theory, and the similarity-attraction paradigm. The quasi-experiment was conducted at Workforce Solutions North Texas in Wichita Falls using 2 groups. Participants in the test group, composed of employees and clients, conversed with an MM-coached candidate. Participants in the control group, composed of general public participants, conversed with an uncoached candidate from the general public. A post-test using the attitude homophily scale produced PHM as the dependent variable with MM as the independent treatment variable. Kinect® sensors detected joint-angle synchrony using specialized software to differentiate between the coached candidate and the uncoached candidate. It was assumed that the coached candidate would likely produce greater instances of synchrony. After adjusting for covariates of age, gender, ethnicity, height, eye-glasses, hobbies, and professions, no statistically significant difference was found between groups on PHM levels. It was determined that the use of two candidates weakened the study. Thus, further research was needed to determine the relationship between MM and PHM. Nevertheless, considering PHM as a metric for rapport inception represented a significant breakthrough in socialization metrics.

Keywords: homophily, rapport, metric, Kinect, matching, mirroring, socialization, leadership.

Title: Homophily Lens vs Rapport Lens

Author: Manuel Almendarez, Richard Schuttler, Daphne Halkias

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Abstract: Monitoring and evaluation assists stakeholders of the project to have a project that meets their requirements.  When panning to monitor and evaluate a project, it is vital to consider whether appropriate stakeholders are well managed in order to meet their needs. Despite this many irrigation projects in Kenya continues have failed because they were never monitored and evaluated accordingly. This study examined the influence of stakeholder analysis on the performance of irrigation projects in Kiambu County, Kenya. Descriptive research design was utilized. Three irrigation projects in Kiambu County, Kenya namely; Wamuoro Irrigation Project, Kawira Irrigation Project and Githuito Irrigation Project were targeted. A census of 35 respondents was carried out which comprised of 3 managers and 32 support staff from the Ministry of Agriculture. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The study revealed that stakeholder analysis has a positive and significant effect on the performance of irrigation projects. The study concludes that stakeholder analysis is a very important factor towards delivering a success project because it leads to better relationship among project parties by having a project that addresses their requirements and also improves accountability. The study recommends that proper communication should be done to all the stakeholders in order to ensure all the activities of the projects are understood by each party involved, project expectations are met and all stakeholder have gain a sense of belonging.

Keywords: Stakeholder Analysis, Irrigation Projects, Project Performance.

Title: STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS AND THE PERFORMANCE OF IRRIGATION PROJECTS IN KIAMBU COUNTY, KENYA

Author: Victor Karianjahi Miako, Dr. Kirui Caleb, Richard Kivelenge Muusya

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Abstract: Effective waste management services can save organization money and benefit the environment at the same time. Organizations have a legal obligation to effectively manage and dispose of their waste. The study examined how project design influence performance of housing and water projects in Nairobi City County, Kenya. A descriptive survey research design was used. 95 housing and waster construction projects formed the target population and the total number of respondents was 285 comprising of 3 permanent staff from each project. A census of 285 respondents was carried out to form the sample size. Questionnaire was used to collect primary data. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used to analyse quantitative data. The study established that project design significantly affects the performance of housing and water projects. The study recommends that waste prevention and reduction in the design phases, project design should focus on reuse and recycling, waste-efficient procurement, materials optimization, off-site construction; and deconstruction and flexibility.

Keywords: Project Design, Project Performance, Housing and Water Projects.

Title: PROJECT DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE OF HOUSING AND WATER PROJECTS IN NAIROBI CITY COUNTY, KENYA

Author: David Kio Gitau, Dr. Kirui Caleb

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

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Abstract: Consumer behaviour is not static. It undergoes a change over a period of time depending on the nature of products. The change in buying behaviour may take place due to several other factors such as increase in income level, education level and marketing factors. In cooperative society, Profits are divided according to each member’s contribution to the collective output. Problems in cooperative farming include among others: lack of marketing skills, wrong planning, insincerity and dishonesty, illiteracy, lack of cooperation, overdue loans, insufficient capital, individualistic tendencies, absence of statistical data, Politics, Instability. The paper recommended that Cooperatives should be registered with the government to ensure better monitoring. There should be strict supervision of loan takers and they should be made to comply as necessary. The paper concluded that Cooperative societies are very beneficial for economic development and poverty alleviation. However, the inherent problems should be fought.

Keywords: Consumer behaviour, marketing factors, Cooperatives farmers.

Title: EFFECT OF CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR IN MARKETING OF AN ORGANIZATION PRODUCE: MARKETING PROBLEMS AND ISSUES WITH COOPERATIVES FARMERS IN EBONYI STATE

Author: LILIAN ORIEOMA GODWINOKOUBI, OKEYPRAISE CHIMA GLORY OBIAGERI

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Abstract: This study evaluates this assertion to guide future practice by both consumers and industry. The study compares re-chargeable batteries and non-rechargeable battery. The scope of the paper includes the distribution, use and disposal of the batteries and the battery charger. Energy use in wholesale and retail parts of the distribution system are also accounted for. Non rechargeable batteries were invented first, they are known as primary batteries; Rechargeable batteries are referred to as secondary batteries. Non-rechargeable batteries contain chemicals that create a surplus of electrons. Once these chemicals are exhausted, the charge is exhausted, and the battery is dead. A rechargeable battery contains a different set of chemicals that can store excess electrons which can be replenished using an electrical charge.The paper shows that Non rechargeable batteries have a long shelf life, while rechargeable batteries last longer. Non rechargeable batteries are cheaper than rechargeable batteries, but in the long run, rechargeable batteries prove to be profitable.Without batteries one would never have portable clocks that can be used to easily access the time. Although not a compulsory essential, watches have been said to be one of the most important concepts on a small scale business.

Keywords: Rechargable batteries, Non-Rechargable Batteries, Car Batteries, Watches, BatteryPrice, Charging and discharging.

Title: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF NON RECHARGEABLE VS. RECHARGEABLE BATTERIES FOR CONSUMER USE

Author: LILIAN ORIEOMA GODWINOKOUBI, NNUBUOGU, KENNETH ARTHUR ELOKA, ORU GRACE U

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Abstract: The contribution of procurement to global economy and the Kenyan economy in particular is recognized and well documented. Given their importance, it is vital that the organization procures environmentally friendly products. The purpose of this project was to investigate the factors influencing adoption of green procurement practices by manufacturing firms in Kenya: a survey of firms in Kiambu County. The specific objectives were to determine the influence of cost of Technology on adoption of green procurement practices, to establish the influence of availability of green products on adoption of green procurement, to determine the influence of enforcement of environmental laws and policies on adoption of green procurement and to establish the influence of company management systems on adoption of green procurement. A descriptive study design from cross sectional approach were used involving both qualitative and quantitative approaches.  The study took place at different manufacturing firms listed in Nairobi Securities Exchange (NSE) in Kiambu County The study adopted a survey design. The target population was 2915 employees, picked from the different firms. The study used both open and close ended questionnaires. Pilot testing was done to ensure the reliability and validity of the instrument. Quantitative data were analyzed using Statistical Packages for Social Science (SPSS version 24.0.)  While qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis. Secondary data was collected from books, reports and journals Statistical quantitative data was analyzed using tables and diagrams, and inferential statistics. This means that diagrams and tables were used in the analysis. Additionally, correlation analysis was used. Lastly the researcher used regression method to further analyze data.

The findings indicate that 63% of the respondents agreed that initial cost for erecting a new technology for green procurement is high, 79% agreed that the cost of training staff on green procurement is high and 80% of the respondents agreed that the maintenance cost of green procurement technology is high. 77% agreed that green products raw materials are not available, 78% agreed that there is high level of competition for available resources and 80% agreed that substitute products are not available. The findings reveal that 74% agreed that Law enforcement agencies are active in enforcing environmental laws, 72% agreed that information on compliance is available, 83% agreed that corruption malpractices are high and 75% agreed that there is enforcement of environmental laws and policies in their organization. The findings show that 63% of the respondents agreed that they have a centralized management system, 85% agreed that they have a decentralized management system, 75% agreed that their organization has established a quality management system and 73% agreed that their organization has established a change management system.

Conclusions were made based on the results of findings of the study to guide manufacturing firms on importance of adopting green procurement thus performance and areas for further research was identified by the researcher. The study concluded that initial cost for erecting a new technology for green procurement is high, it also concluded that the maintenance cost of green procurement technology is high

The study concluded that raw materials are not available and there is high level of competition for available resources and also it concluded that substitute products are not available. The study concluded that law enforcement agencies are active in enforcing environmental laws, it also concluded that information on compliance is available, it further concluded that corruption malpractices are high. It concluded that there is enforcement of environmental laws and policies. The study also concluded that organizations have established a quality management system and it also concluded that the organizations have established a change management system. 

The researcher recommended that the organizations should actively source for funds from investors to help them with election of new technology to support green procurement. The study further recommends that supply chain should write to top management a proposal to support green procurement initiative, they should give in details the cost benefit analysis of erecting new technology that will support green procurement.

Supply chain management should source green raw materials from global suppliers, since they will be in apposition to get green products at an affordable price. The researcher further recommends that organizations should enter into long-term relationship with those suppliers of green products, in order to curb issues of intense competition when it comes to green products. Supply chain management should ensure that law governing green procurement are observed by their organizations and employees, the researcher recommends also that organizations should train their staff on any law that is enforced that touches on green procurement. Another recommendation is that the organizations should have stringent measures when it comes to fighting corruption, they should highly penalize the staff who are found getting involved in any corruption malpractices. The organization should ensure that they adopt centralized procurement systems, in order to enjoy economies of scale that come with this centralized system. The researcher further recommends an improvement in a change management system, that it should train their employees to embrace change.

Title: FACTORS INFLUENCING ADOPTION OF GREEN PROCUREMENT PRACTICES BY MANUFACTURING FIRMS IN KENYA: A SURVEY OF FIRMS IN KIAMBU COUNTY

Author: ESTHER WANJIRU NDIRANGU, PROF WILLY MUTURI

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

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Abstract: The main purpose of the study was to assess the effect of procurement law on the procurement process of Kenya Rural Roads Authority in Kenya. This study concentrated on three variables; accountability, integrity, transparency and fairness. The specific objectives were: to establish the effect of procurement law on the integrity of the procurement process at Kenya of Kenya Rural Roads Authority. To determine effect of procurement law on the accountability of the procurement process of Kenya Rural Roads Authority. Finally, to evaluate the effect of procurement law on the fairness and transparency of the procurement process of Kenya at Kenya Rural Roads Authority. This study therefore adopted a descriptive survey design methodology because the researcher intended to collect cross sectional data on the effect of procurement law on the procurement process at Kenya Rural Roads Authority Headquarters. The main instrument for data collection was semi-structured questionnaires administered to the officers at Kenya Rural Roads Authority parastatal, targeted one hundred fifty (150) employees obtained through simple random sampling. Data collected was cleaned, coded and analyzed with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23. It is assumed in data analysis that the results obtained were for the general population. The findings of the study have important implications for the law and policy makers; procurement professionals; and training and development practices. Data was presented in descriptive form supported by frequency counts and percentages. From the research findings, it can be concluded that accountability, integrity, transparency and fairness clearly indicates the effect of procurement law on the procurement process in Kenya at Kenya Rural Roads Authority. The following recommendations were made: The responsible organisations to create awareness to both the relevant stakeholders both internal and external on the laws and regulations governing the procurement and supply chain processes. Secondly, stakeholders to familiarise themselves with the current trends in procurement laws and regulations; and procurement and supply chain processes; from the various sources of information. Procuring entities to embrace Information Communications Technology and it’s peripherals; on the procurement and supply chain processes and be incorporated with all relevant departments and institutions. Since it aids to compliance laws and regulations governing procurement; as well as the code of ethics.

Title: EFFECT OF PROCUREMENT LAW ON THE PROCUREMENT PROCESS OF KENYA RURAL ROADS AUTHORITY IN KENYA

Author: PAMELA NANJALA WAKOLI, PROF. GREGORY NAMUSONGE

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

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Abstract: In spite of the enormous theoretical contributions to knowledge about the BWE, supply chains still hemorrhage from BWE. The nature of FMCG industry predisposes companies in this industry to the BWE which is cancerous to any SC. Unilever, a multinational company in FMCG industry felt the BWE, negatively, and to nurse herself from the injuries caused by this undesirable phenomenon, the management implemented an array of supply chain practices, with an ultimate goal of controlling the BWE. Since the adoption of these SC practices, no published research has been carried out to assess the impact of the adoption of the aforementioned SC practices. It is upon this backdrop that this study aimed at conducting a qualitative-cum-quantitative exploratory study to establish the impact of these SC practices on the control of BWE. In a bid to achieve this overriding objective, working hypotheses were formulated. A quasi-experimental research design was adopted. This research employed snowball sampling technique. Primary data collection instruments were an in-depth interview and a questionnaire. The questionnaires were administered twice in near equivalent conditions. This data was triangulated by an in-depth interview. Data collection was done in tandem with data analysis using the grounded theory approach. The findings of this study are presented using the mystery story approach supported by excerpts from the interviews and discussions of the findings in relation to existing literature. The central category that emerged is technological adoption. This was as a result of interdependence of this category with other categories. The study proposes areas for further research that; a similar study be conducted using Delphi method. Finally, the researcher gives his autobiographical reflections on qualitative study.

Title: IMPACT OF SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON CONTROL OF BULLWHIP EFFECT IN FAST MOVING CONSUMER GOODS INDUSTRY IN KENYA: A CASE STUDY OF UNILEVER, EAST AFRICA LIMITED

Author: Wairimu Mwangi, Prof. Henry Bwisa

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Abstract: In Rwanda there is delay in payment of checks between banks; time wasted in banks as people line in queue waiting for service, errors as a result of manual work and fraud related cases was common. General objective of this study is to examine the impact of e-banking development and performance of financial institutions in Rwanda. The researcher used a descriptive research design, where qualitative and quantitative approaches were used. The population of the study was composed of 36 employees of I&M bank. Data was analyzed by use of both descriptive and inferential statistical, as well as multiple regression model and diagnostic tests. E-banking strongly affect the financial performance of I&M bank (R=0.987) with variations on e-banking tools contributing 97% to its. The F-statistics (F=3.244) is greater than the P-value (0.000) hence a further confirmation that aspects of e-banking significantly influence the financial performance of the bank. I&M bank’s profitability in terms of; return on asset and return on equity kept increasing from 2014 to 2017. It is evident that the ROA increased greatly from 2014 to 2017 and this is represented by 0.421 to 0.624 respectively and this evidences the best performance of the bank in those years. In 2015 the contribution of e-banking was 3.8%, in 2016 (8.5%) and in 2017(9.7%). This means that e-banking have positively contributed to I&M bank performance.  The study concludes that there is positive relationship between e-banking and financial performance of I&M bank. The researcher recommends that policy makers and players in the market especially financial institutions should increase the awareness to the public about the cashless economy by adopting more usage of e-banking. With the significant increase in financial inclusion recorded in Rwanda, this bankable population should clearly be made aware of the benefits of adopting e-banking practices, such as reduction in the time wastage and costs.

Title: E-BANKING DEVELOPMENT AND PERFORMANCE OF FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS IN RWANDA (CASE STUDY I&M BANK)

Author: EMMANUEL MUGANDURA, DR. PATRICK MULYUNGI, DR. JAYA SHUKLA

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Abstract: Sharp increases in the prices of oil are generally unstable and this affects the economy of most countries results to the high domestic prices in developing countries especially in Rwanda. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of international oil prices on domestic prices in Rwanda using quarterly data covering the period of 2000Q1 to 2017: Q4, the study employs Vector Autoregressive model in order to test the interdependences between variables. Unit root test was conducted in order to test the stationarity of the data while Johansen co-integration approach was employed to investigate the long run relationship between consumer price index and variables mentioned above. Ordinary least square was adopted as estimation technique of the parameter to test their adequacy. Lastly Granger causality test was tested in order to emphasize the interdependence among variables. Eviews 7 software was used for data analysis. The results shows that all independent variables have positive impact on DOP, all coefficients of variables have positive sign, (5.265210) GDP, (4.012108) ER, (2.516107) CPI and (3.356115) M3. This shows that international oil prices contribute positively on the domestic prices in Rwanda from 2000-2017. R(-1)= -1.085016, this means that as far as time is concerned, the errors will be corrected at time t. All independents variable were positive correlated to the domestic price. R2 (0.056016) show the goodness of fit the model. Durbin- Watson Stat is greater than R2 which is (1.131954) >(0.958128). Basing on those results, the researcher found that R-squared is significant at 95%.  This means that GDP, exchange rate, M3 AND CPI contributed to the domestic Oil prices in Rwanda.  It can be seen from the above results that the increase of the international oil price has a negative effect domestic price. Meanwhile it showed that facing the high oil price; authorities are more inclined to adopt tight monetary policy to curb inflation. The government should be prepared to make tax exemptions especially on the imported crude oil in order to reduce the adverse effect it has on the general public. The government needs to further look at the ways to make the price cap work by putting further stringent measures on the players who do not adhere to the rules and regulations set and this will prevent the exploitation of the citizen. The Monetary Policy Committee of the Central Bank (BNR), has had several measures to stabilize the Rwanda franc exchange rate and increase interest rates in order to reduce inflation levels in the economy.

Title: MODELING THE EFFECT OF INTERNATIONAL OIL PRICES ON DOMESTIC PRICES IN RWANDA

Author: Josephine MBABAZI, Dr. Joseph K. MUNG’ATU, Dr. Patrick MULYUNYI (PhD)

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Abstract: A steady bank system is an important cornerstone which helps modern economies maintains stability and healthy development. In order to achieve this goal, Kenya's banking industry has experienced a long-term reformed process. A dysfunctional financial industry puts pressures on businesses and households thereby adversely affecting the real economy as capital may be prevented from flowing to worthy investments and may lead to credit crunches. In order to ensure that the financial industry remains sound to perform its financial intermediation role effectively, it is important that individual financial institutions in the industry implement relevant strategies that would ensure their financial stability.  The purpose of this study was to establish the determinants of financial stability of commercial banks. The specific objective was to assess the influence of operating costs on the financial stability of the listed commercial banks in Kenya. The study was based on the theory of systemic risk and design of prudential bank regulation. A descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. The study population comprised of 356 bank staff from of eleven listed commercial banks in Kenya. A representative sample of 78 respondents was drawn from the population. The data for the study was collected by use of questionnaires. Cronbach’s Alpha of coefficient test was used to determine the reliability while test-retest and data triangulation technique was used to determine the validity of the instruments. The SPSS was used to analyze questionnaires. The empirical analysis of the study was conducted using both descriptive statistics and Ordinary Least Square regression analysis. It was concluded that Operation Costs have a significant negative influence on financial stability of commercial banks. It was suggested that further studies should consider inflation and GDP which affect commercial banks earning.

Keywords: Operational Costs, Financial Stability, commercial banks.

Title: FINANCIAL STABILITY OF LISTED COMMERCIAL BANKS IN KENYA

Author: PHILEMON AZANGU NGAIRA, DR. JULIUS MIROGA

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Abstract: Project portfolio management is becoming established in both practice and the literature as a tool for prioritizing and managing multiple projects at the enterprise level. Despite the quantifiable benefits of portfolio management, relatively few public organizations have perfected the practice. In today's environment of tight budgets, rapid change and high risk, it is very astonishing that organizations continue to waste resources and efforts by delivering or by getting involved in the wrong projects and programs. This is where portfolio management comes in handy in assisting the government in ensuring that the right programs and projects are begun, and the wrong ones are not and if they are already ongoing it ensures that they are stopped. This study therefore sought to establish the effect of project portfolio management practices on performance of governments projects in Rwanda, the case of Kicukiro District. To achieve this the study assessed the influence of portfolio inventory on performance of government projects in Kicukiro district, to establish the influence of portfolio analysis on performance of government projects in Kicukiro district , To determine the influence of portfolio on performance of government projects in Kicukiro district, to examine the influence of portfolio tracking on performance of government projects in Kicukiro district  and to determine the influence of  portfolio review on performance of government projects in Kicukiro district. The design of this research was a descriptive survey research. The population for this study comprised of 18 top level managers, 42 middle level managers and 70 low level managers of Kicukiro District. Stratified proportionate random sampling technique was used to select the sample of 99 respondents. The study used a semi structured self-administered questionnaire to collect data from the respondents. Collected data was analyzed using SPSS version 21. Quantitative data was analyzed by descriptive analysis and presented in form of tables. Content analysis was used for the qualitative data and then presented in prose. The study also conducted a Pearson’s correlation analysis to establish the relationship between the variables. Portfolio analysis ensures good portfolio balance that enables the organization to achieve both growth and profit objectives. The study further concludes that portfolio planning affects the performance of government projects in Kicukiro district. It was evident that Portfolio planning facilitates time planning; it is also a key to organizational stability and flexibility. The research finally concludes that portfolio review affect performance of government projects in Kicukiro district. The study therefore recommends that the management team of government projects in Kicukiro district should consider portfolio inventory in their projects. The study recommends that the management team of government projects in Kicukiro district should always perform Portfolio analysis to ensure good portfolio balance that will enable the district to achieve both growth and profit objectives. The study further recommends that in order to facilitate time planning management team of government projects in Kicukiro district should establish proper portfolio planning. This will result in to organizational stability and flexibility. The study finally recommends that Review process in the project evaluation should ensure that the portfolio contains projects that support the achievement of strategic goals.

Keywords: Portfolio planning, Performance, government projects.

Title: PROJECT PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON PERFORMANCE OF GOVERNMENT PROJECTS IN RWANDA: A CASE OF KICUKIRO DISTRICT

Author: ASIIMWE SUSAN, Dr. PATRICK MULYUNGI, Dr. JAYA SHUKLA

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

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