Vol 6 Issue 1 April 2018-September 2018

Abstract: Micro finance plays a major role in many gender and development strategies because of its direct relationship to both poverty alleviation and to the empowerment of women. Empirical indications are that the poor can benefit from micro finance from both an economic and social well-being point of-view. Women in the world account for the highest economic growth through the economic activities they engage in. The failure of many of these women, especially those from the rural areas, to exploit fully the credit facilities offered to them by the Micro finance institutions may influence the growth of women owned enterprises. Thus, this study established the effect of interventions provided by microfinance institutions on growth of women owned enterprises in Rubavu Gisenyi. The study was guided by the following objectives: to assess the extent to which access to credit facilities from microfinance institution influence the growth of women owned enterprises; to examine the influence of micro savings from microfinance institutions on growth of women owned enterprises; and to establish the influence of training and advisory services from microfinance institutions on growth of women owned enterprises. The study was explanatory in nature and on a target population of 1200 women enterprises within the region. A sample of 120 women entrepreneurs was selected. Stratified random sampling was employed and data gathered by use of Questionnaires, document analysis and observation. Validity and Reliability of the instruments was tested using the test retest methods. With the aid of Statistical Package for Social Science version 21.0, both descriptive statistics such as the means, modes, standard deviation, variances and inferential. There was a positive effect of access to credit facilities from microfinance institutions to growth of women business enterprises. The access to loan facilities has the highest association with the growth of women business enterprises compare to other variables. There was a positive association between trainings and investment advisory service and microfinance institutions influence growth of women enterprises. However, the association was lower that loan access though it was higher than micro savings. There was an association between micro savings and the growth of women enterprises though it was lower than access to savings and trainings and investment advisory service. The recommendations of the study are that the financial institutions should increase the amount of loans to the women enterprises as the data in this study had shown that the loans allocated were not sufficient. This would improve the women enterprises. The leaders in the women enterprises should be trained and advised more on investment as the results in this study indicated that investment advisory was moderate.

Keywords: Growth, Women owned enterprises, Financial performance Microfinance, Women entrepreneurship, Entrepreneur, Small and medium enterprises.

Title: INFLUENCE OF MICRO FINANCE SERVICES ON GROWTH OF WOMEN OWNED ENTERPRISES IN RWANDA: A CASE OF RUBAVU DISTRICT

Author: KABANDA PATRCK, Dr. PATRICK MULYUNGI

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: The purpose of this study therefore was to assess the effect of selected statutory regulations on financial performance of SACCOs. The study was guided by four theories; Buffer theory of Capital Adequacy, Capital Asset Pricing Model, Earnings Theory of Capitalization and Anticipated Income Theory. The study employed a descriptive research design using quantitative approaches. The target population was FOSA managers, finance managers, credit managers and internal auditors all totaling 64 targeted respondents from SACCOs in Nakuru County, Kenya. The study used a census approach to collect data and it used closed ended questionnaires in collecting primary data. Secondary data was collected from SASRA annual publications. The questionnaires were pretested to ensure validity and reliability. The collected data was summarized and analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics and then presented in tables. From the findings, capital adequacy (r = 0.267) and asset quality (r = 0.080) had a positive and weak correlation with ROE. The study concluded that since all the variables had some effect on financial performance, it would be prudent for SACCO to adhere to these regulations in order to enhance their performance.

Keywords: Statutory Regulations, Financial Performance and Deposit taking Sacco’s.

Title: Effect of Statutory Regulations on Financial Performance of Deposit Taking Savings and Credit Cooperative Organizations in Nakuru County, Kenya

Author: Kiplangat Ngetich Onchwari, Antony Wahome

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: Strategic planning is important for strategic management of companies. Strategic planning has been regarded as a prerequisite to successful organizational outcomes and while the contexts of strategic planning differs by sector and geographical orientation, there is renewed interest in strategic planning - performance linkage in developing economies, this, due in part to the realization of the role of firm-based factors such as strategic planning dimensions. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of strategic planning dimensions on organizational performance of commercial banks in Rwanda. To achieve this the study was guided by the following specific objectives; to establish the effects of cross functional integration on the organizational performance of commercial banks in Rwanda, to determine the effects of management participation on the organizational performance of commercial banks in Rwanda, to establish the effects of strategic orientation on the organizational performance of commercial banks in Rwanda and to examine the effects of strategic control on the organizational performance of commercial banks in Rwanda. The study adopted a descriptive survey design. Stratified random sampling was used to determine the sample size. The target population for the study was 150 employees of bank of Kigali. The study used both primary and secondary data, where questionnaires, interview was used for data collection. Data collected was analyzed through SPSS version 21. Data analysis involved statistical computations for averages, percentages, and correlation and regression analysis. Ordinary least squares (OLS) regression method of analysis were adopted to determine the inferential statistics. The results of the correlation analysis revealed that there was positive correlation between cross functional integration and firm performance (r=0.328, p-value < 0.001). Thus, an increase in emphasis on management participation in the firm resulted in an increase in overall firm performance of 32.8%. From the correlation analysis management participation also exhibited a positive correlation with firm performance (r=0.334, p-value < 0.001).  This meant that increased use of management participation increased company performance. Strategic orientation presented a weak positive correlation with firm performance (r = 0.399, p-value < 0.001), while strategic control practices displayed the moderately weak positive correlation with firm performance (r = 0.455, p-value < 0.001). The highest correlation was noted between strategic control and firm performance, relative to the other variables. The study recommended high participation and involvement of top management in the whole process of strategic planning, anchoring of deliberate cross functional integration processes in the firm, heightened strategic oriented paradigms for market orientation, customer focus and competitiveness and the development, design and customization of management control systems to enhance implementation, monitoring and evaluation of the strategic planning process outcomes.

Keywords: Cross functional integration, organizational performance, Commercial bank.

Title: EFFECTS OF STRATEGIC PLANNING PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE OF COMMERCIAL BANKS IN RWANDA: A CASE OF BANK OF KIGALI

Author: JOSEPH MWAI, Dr. PATRICK MULYUNGI, Dr. JAYA SHUKLA

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of inventory management practices on the performance of Skol Rwanda because poor inventory management leads to poor financial performance of manufacturing firms. In addition, inventory management is a significant asset in any business enterprise and its effective management is a key task in the operations of a business. However, many organizations consider inventory management a difficult task (Ogbo, 2011) as it involves a complex of decisions due to the many forms it takes and functions it provides. Researcher achieved this study by use of three specific objectives; examined inventory management practices used by Skol Rwanda; investigated the level of business performance of Skol Rwanda; and examined the effect of inventory management practices on performance of Skol Rwanda. Literature by different scholars on the effects of inventory management on the performance of organizations was analyzed. The study used a descriptive study based on both qualitative and quantitative approach. The population of the study was 90 and sample size to be selected was 75 respondents. The researcher used both primary and secondary source of data in order to enough information for the purpose of the study. SPSS software was used for data processing and analysis done by frequency, percentages, mean and Standard deviation and Anova table to establish relationship between inventory management and financial performance of Skol Rwanda limited. In the finding it was established that inventory management strategies like VED analysis model strategy analyses vital stock before purchase, analyses essential stock before purchase and analyses desirable stock before purchase which improve organization profitability. MRP analysis model strategy analyses prices of different products before buying, determines minimum stock required in the organization, determines maximum stock required in the organization and analyses value and durability of the products. ABC analysis model strategy analyses the types of materials used in the company, analyses the average rate of consumption of the material used in the company, analyses the behavior of the customers in consumption of the goods company and analyses the value of the product before purchase. The analysis further shows the relationship between Inventory management strategies and Skol Rwanda limited profitability. Significant level is 0.01, the results indicate that independent variable has Positive high correlation to dependent variable equal to. 825** and the p-value is .000 which is less than 0.01. When p-value is less than significant level, therefore researchers conclude that variables are correlated. This means that there is a significant relationship between Inventory management strategies and Skol Rwanda limited profitability by 82.5%.

Keywords: inventory management, organizations, business, profitability.

Title: EFFECT OF INVENTORY CONTROL STRATEGIES ON PROFITABILITY OF MANUFACTURING FIRMS IN RWANDA: CASE OF SKOL BREWERIES RWANDA LIMITED

Author: AYEBARE HOPE, PATRICK MULYUNGI

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: Therefore, the main objective of the study was to examine the effect of reverse storage constraints on the performance of imported furniture distributing firms in Nairobi County. The Inventory theory and Theory of Constraints guided the study. This study adopted the descriptive Survey research design targeting 130 managers drawn from 26 Imported Furniture Distributing Firms in Nairobi County. Simple random sampling technique was used to obtain a sample size of 83 respondents to be used in this study. The study used both primary and secondary data. Primary data was obtained by administering questionnaires to the respondents in the companies while secondary data was obtained from the firms’ inventory records. Data was analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistical methods. The study established that reverse storage constraints significantly affected the performance of imported furniture distributing firms and most of the firms did not have enough storage space for reversed products. The study recommends that the firms create enough storage space for reversed products. Lastly, the firms should make every effort to create departments dedicated to reverse inventories.

Keywords: Reverse storage constrain, performance and Imported Furniture Distributing Firms.

Title: Effect of Reverse Storage Constraints on the Performance of Imported Furniture Distributing Firms in Nairobi County

Author: David Kiilu Samson

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: Inventories constitute the most significant part of current asset of large majority of companies. Because of that, a considerable amount of fund is committed in it by organizations. The general objective of this study was to examine the effect of inventory management practices on financial performance of Skol Rwanda Limited. Descriptive research was considered prior to quantitative research design as it provided an overall overview as to what variables to test quantitatively. The target population of this study was seventy employees (76 employees) of Skol Rwanda Limited involved in accounting, finance, logistics, and procurement departments as shown by the Human Resource Management department of Skol Rwanda Limited. Since the target population of the study is a small number, the researcher preferred to use a census by considering the total population as sample. The researcher collected primary and secondary data. Primary data were collected through questionnaires and interview while the secondary data were collected from the Audited inventory statements of Skol Rwanda Limited for the past four years from 2014 to 2017. The collected data were first examined and checked for completeness and comprehensibility. Means, standard deviations and frequency distribution were used to analyze data. Data presentation was done by the use of frequency tables for easy understanding and interpretations. The study concluded that cost reduction is necessary for implementation of inventory management for performance of manufacturing firms also holding stocks and ordering costs may increase the performance of an organization. Cost reduction helps in preparing employees towards managing the inventory ideology and equips organization with sufficient resources and that inventory cost reduction helps in achieving profitability objective. The study also concluded that improved anticipation of future developments in manufacturing firms in Rwanda will improve their performance and new technologies are promising to save costs and thus improving the performance of the manufacturing firms. The study further concluded that Inventory Management practices is a competitive tool in the organization for realizing its corporate competitive strategy; information sharing and a channels relationship affect the performance of the manufacturing firms and enhance productivity. It  is  recommended  that  sugar  manufacturing  firms  develop  a  policy  framework  to  facilitate  faster implementation of the best inventory management practices such as JIT and MRP. It is also recommended that manufacturing firms consider investing in modern technology and implement EDI and this will reduce inventory costs and improve returns.

Keywords: Inventory management practices, financial performance.

Title: EFFECT OF INVENTORY MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF SKOL RWANDA LIMITED

Author: JEANET KAGWISAGYE, Dr. PATRICK MULYUNGI

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: The main objective of this study was to assess the impact of government borrowing on economic growth in Rwanda. It adopted descriptive research design. The population of this study was the statistics from the National bank of Rwanda on government borrowing which will lead to indicative data such as the percentage of deficit to overall budget, percentage of borrowing relative to Gross Domestic Product. In this study secondary data were collected on government of Rwanda borrowing and economic growth between 2008 to 2016 and mainly focused on the government of Rwanda as the target population. Other fundamental information for the study included the treasury bills and notes, treasury bonds, National Bank overdrafts, direct borrowing and the general national debt that were measured semi-annually in a time series trend analysis for a period of nine year from 2008 to 2016. Collected data were collocated by use of descriptive statistics by mostly trend analysis features such as distribution tables and percentages and spread graphs between the variables in view of explicitly broadcasting the trends. The method of data analysis was simple regression model. In the effort to achieve that the researcher used the following model to guide the researcher through the analytical model as below: Y = a+BX1 +BX2+BX3+E where Y = dependent variable which is the economic growth of Rwanda. It measured absolute values and as a percentage to GDP, a = the constant term, BX1 = Treasury bills and notes which were measured by absolute values, BX2 = Treasury bonds was also measured by absolute values, BX3 = National bank overdrafts which was also measured in absolute values and E = the error term in the regression model. The study concluded that government borrowing positively related to economic growth in Rwanda. This implied that an increase in government borrowing affected positively in Rwanda. When a country borrows more to invest capital projects it is more likely to affect its economic growth in short run. The regression model used in this study was statistically significant explaining the effect of government borrowing on economic growth of Rwanda.

The study finally concluded that treasury bills, bonds and national bank overdrafts contributed positively to economic growth, this implied that an increase in government borrowing led to a decrease in economic growth. It was also concluded that an increase in government borrowing might impact negatively on economic growth and the private sector lack alternative source of financing. Government borrowing was found to have a positive relationship with economic growth. This implies that an increase in domestic government borrowing leads to a significant reduction in resources in the private sector which might be exposed to more taxes to pay interest on debt. This highly discourages private investments and impacts seriously economic growth. It is however important for the government to find an optimal level of debt which promotes both the private investments and economic growth. The researcher recommends that the government of Rwanda should find ways of increasing alternative sources of financing to both the government and the private sector so as to steer further its economic growth. This is also supported by the findings of this study which has proved that an increase in government borrowing results into a corresponding increase of economic growth. The government should also look for alternative means of raising revenues other than use of debt either internally or externally.

Keywords: Government borrowing Treasury bills and notes, Treasury bonds, national bank overdraft, economic growth.

Title: EFFECT OF GOVERNMENT BORROWING ON ECONOMIC GROWTH OF RWANDA: A CASE STUDY OF NATIONAL BANK OF RWANDA

Author: Benjamin Kabandana, Dr. Patrick Mulyungi

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: This research aimed at establishing the basic determinants of employee commitment on organizational performance in Rwanda and was carried out in Rwanda Revenue Authority at the headquarters in Kimihurura as the case study, the  objectives are; to analyze the effect of staff promotions on organizational performance, to assess the role of capacity development on performance of organizations, to analyze the contribution of remunerations on organizational performance and to examine the effect of good working environment on organizational performance. Data was collected using questions and interviews for primary data while for secondary data documentary review was used. The collected data was analyzed using percentages and frequencies in excel program and interpretation was based on percentages and frequencies. The researcher found out that employee commitment in Rwanda Revenue Authority has been so instrumental in making employees get more attached to the organization and hence able to run and maintain its attained goals. The researcher concluded that employee commitment leads to increased sustainability (46%), attainment of organizational goals and making employees more attached to the organization and that the environmental factors affecting organizational performance. The determinants of employee commitment and organisational performance was at the rate of 0.895 meaning that determinants of employee commitment influence organisational performance at the level of  89.5%. This proves a strong correlation between the two variables. Further more, if a null hypothesis is formulated as there is no relationship between determinants of employee commitment and organisational perfomance. The researcher recommended that working environment should remain favorable in Rwanda Revenue Authority if performance is to persist in RRA.

Keywords: Employee, Affective commitment, Normative commitment Continuance, Organization, Organizational performance.

Title: DETERMINANTS OF EMPLOYEE COMMITMENT ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE: A CASE STUDY OF RWANDA REVENUE AUTHORITY (RRA)

Author: NAMAGANDA FLORENCE, Dr. KULE JULIUS WARREN, Dr. MUGAMBI FRED

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: Education and training are the most crucial activities in an organization for human resource development. To conduct training for employees, a company must spend many costs; thus the employees are expected to conduct transfer of training. There is a problem then, namely teachers in Bali province that have joined training of 2013 Curriculum cannot maximally conduct the transfer of training. In implementing results of the training, it is necessary for career commitment and motivation to transfer the training results by participants. There are 740 elementary school teachers as the research population seen as the targets of 2013 Curriculum in 2016, with there are 260 first class and fourth class teachers as the samples that are distributed in all regencies in Bali province. Data analysis uses Partial Least Square Path Modeling (SEM PLS) model and processed by SmartPLS version 3.2.6. These research results find out positive and significant correlation between career commitment and autonomous motivation to transfer; autonomous motivation to transfer and transfer of training; career commitment and controlled motivation to transfer; as well as controlled motivation to transfer and transfer of training. However, there are also insignificant correlation between career commitment and transfer of training. This research also finds out two full mediation correlation of indirect correlation hypotheses, namely: autonomous motivation to transfer as a full mediation between career commitment and transfer of training variables, as well as controlled motivation to transfer as a full mediation on the correlation of career commitment and transfer of training. In this research, there is also description of discussion, research limitation and recommendations for future research.

Keywords: Career Commitment, autonomous motivation to transfer, Controlled Motivation to Transfer, Transfer of Training.

Title: ROLE OF AUTONOMOUS AND CONTROLLED MOTIVATION TO TRANSFER MEDIATIONS ON CORRELATION BETWEEN CAREER COMMITMENT AND TRANSFER OF TRAINING (A Case Study on Teachers in Bali, Indonesia)

Author: Ni Wayan Mudiarni, Made Wardana, Agoes Ganesha Rahyuda, Gde Adnyana Sudibya

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: Sustainability of donor funded projects in Kiambu County face challenges of meeting and sustaining the increasingly health care services provision in a low-income growth and constrained resources. There has been a reduction in donor-funded support especially in Health related projects. For all funded projects, the donors have collectively demanded high level of resources accountability and utilization. The assessment is predetermined by The World Health Organization (2010), which defines the key Health system Strengthening factors which include; governance, financial management, human resource management, information and technology and reporting. Accordingly to Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (2010) report, Kiambu County was listed among the counties with highest population. The main stakeholders in health provision projects and health provision facilities are the patients who are well enlightened as assessed in the same report. In order to attain stakeholders’ satisfaction and sustain services, this calls for increased level of donor funding projects, reduce the level of staff retention and have high level of patients’ retention especially in Kiambu level 4 hospitals. This requires and calls for an urgent need to strengthen the key health system strengthening factors. Three theories namely; the system theory, program Theory, agency theory and empirical review have been explored. The system theory has been selected as the most relevant theory in this study. A conceptual framework was examined to establish the relationship between the dependent and independent variables. The empirical review section looked at relevant studies done by other researchers. A critique of these studies was done and the exiting research gaps identifies.  The study was grounded to 4 key factors governance, financial management, human resource management, information technology affecting sustainability health donor funded project in 3 faith based level four hospitals in Kiambu County. Descriptive research design was used to gather primary data by use of questionnaires. The study recommends that the institutional infrastructure that supports Donor funding should be improved. This involves restructuring the laws, offering advanced training to the respondents’ who handle donor funding directly. Addition to this, the public institutions charged with dealing with donor funding should be reformed to enable them carry out their duties effectively. Proper governance on donor funding for hospitals in Kiambu County leads to improvement in information technology and proper financial management which in turn has a ripple effect on the service that is decimated to the patients which they can attest if it’s positive or not positive.

Keywords: Factors, Sustainability, Donor Funded Projects.

Title: FACTORS INFLUENCING SUSTAINABILITY OF HEALTH DONOR FUNDED PROJECTS IMPLEMENTED BY FAITH BASED LEVEL 4 HOSPITALS IN KIAMBU COUNTY, KENYA

Author: GLADYS WANGECHI WAMBUGU, DR.ASSUMPTAH .W.KAGIRI

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: Over the past two decades after the Genocide Rwandan economy has enjoyed several developments in terms of infrastructure and policies as well as experts relocating in Rwanda and corporations interested in expanding operations in Rwanda. Foreign Direct Investment has become an area of concern to many developing nations due to the economic benefits it presents to the host nation. The role played by real estate sector in the economy has become critical especially in emerging economies. As the property market around the world is experiencing a bubble, developments in FDI has ensured the real estate market has remained strong with the demand for middle to high income housing remaining steady. This study sought to establish the effect of FDI on the performance of the energy sector in Rwanda. A case of MOBISOL Rwanda Ltd. The specific objectives of the study were; to examine the extent to which corporate governance elements, political governance, trade openness, market size, exchange rate, and inflation determine performance in the energy sector in Rwanda. The study adopted a descriptive research design. The target population were 112 employees of MOBISOL which has with significant foreign ownership in Rwanda. A sample size of 88 respondents were obtained for study using stratified random sampling. The statistical tools of analysis that were used for descriptive data were the arithmetic mean and the standard deviation while the statistical tools of analysis used for inferential statistics were Pearson’s product moment correlation and stepwise regression to find correlations among the explanatory variables. F-tests were used to test the hypotheses in the study. Tests of statistical assumptions was carried out before data analysis to avoid invalidation of statistical analysis. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences Version 21 software was used to facilitate data analysis. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used in the analysis. Descriptive statistics was encompassing frequencies, percentages, means and standard deviations. Inferential statistics took the form of Spearman rank correlation coefficient and multiple regression. The results of the analyses were presented in tables.  The findings indicated that FDI inflows amount to 0.979 units holding another factors constant. Subsequently, a unit increase in inflation rates decreases performance of renewable energy by 0.521 units. Furthermore, it was not significant at 5% level using the p-value. Equally, a unit increase in exchange rates increases FDI inflow by 0.30 units. A unit increase in corporate governance increases performance of renewable energy by 0.082 units as per expectation. Furthermore, it was significant as its p value was greater than 0.05. Political governance as similar to corporate governance increases performance of renewable energy by 0.137. This is also as per expectation. Additionally, it was significant as its p value was greater than 5%. Any unit increase in market size increases performance of renewable energy by 0.07 units and it was significant using the p value. Lastly, trade openness as expected increased performance of renewable energy by 0.071 units. It was also significant using the p value which is greater than 5%. It was also recommended that a combination of traditional determinants of FDI and Institutional determinants should be considered when formulating policies to appeal to investors to invest into the country. The energy industry and its stakeholders in Rwanda should ensure that they put in place good governance practices in place to appeal to foreign investment. Due to the difficulty of studying cognitive constructs the researcher recommends further research to be carried out on determinants of FDIs and verify if they actually started their own business or not.

Keywords: Corporate governance, Performance, Renewable energy, Rwanda.

Title: EFFECT OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY SECTOR IN RWANDA: A CASE OF MOBISOL

Author: SALVATOR MBARUSHIMANA, Dr. PATRICK MULYUNGI

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: the stability of stock prices is very important for investors. Investors are attracted by shares which exhibit less volatility, less risks and hence stable and predictable prices overtime. Despite the importance of stock volatility in attracting investors, there are few studies talking about measuring extreme risk in Rwanda stock Exchange.

This research project aims to measure extreme risks of shares of selected companies by EVT approach from Rwanda stock exchange using data for the period 2013 to 2016. The source of data was including monthly average share price of Bank of Kigali (B.K) companies and bralirwa. The study was utilizing maximum likelihood method to estimate the model parameter and the model’s goodness of fit was assessed by using Q-Q, P-P and density Plot.

The size the extreme monthly Rwanda stock market movement was then computed using expected shortfall risk measures at some high quintiles, based on the GPD model. This paper provides a step by step guideline for extreme risk analysis in the R software with several examples.

Keywords: Extreme Value Theory (EVT), Peak-Over-Threshold(POT),Value at Risk (VaR),Expected shortfall, Generalized Pareto Distribution (GDP).

Title: MEASURING EXTREME RISKS IN THE RWANDA STOCK MARKET

Author: Mr. Jean Claude BIZUMUTIMA, Dr. Joseph K. Mung’atu, Dr. Marcel NDENGO

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: The poor infrastructure, unreliable electricity, skills gap, high cost of finance; the opportunity cost due to the disequilibrium in finance issues, an proper use of resources where the short term finance used for a long term projects and some manufacturing companies their short term finance are not able to cover all company’s obligations and they affect the daily activities of those manufacturing companies are the challenges faced by manufacturing companies. The main objective of this research is to assess the effect of working capital management to the performance of manufacturing companies in Rwanda. The specific objectives of this study will be: To find out the level and competent of current asset in INYANGE INDUTRIES LTD, To find out the level and competent of current liability in INYANGE INDUTRIES LTD, To examine the effectiveness of working capital management in INYANGE INDUTRIES LTD. To determine to what extent working capital management contributes to the performance of INYANGE INDUTRIES LTD? The research used both quantitative and qualitative methods. The target population was 102 employees and the sample size was 49 respondents. The tools used are the questionnaire as the main instrument in collecting data and interview after collecting data, it will be cleaned and coded. Data entry will also be done by the use of word and Excel version 2010. With qualitative data, descriptive method was used to interpret data presented to provide explanations to the facts that has been expressed by the respondents. The findings shows that the most of respondents with 24% were agreed that always they used monitor cash flow regularly to assure the better management of cash.  This means that with cash flow being the lifeblood for a business’s continued existence; it has always been surprising to me that few companies take the time to monitor and project cash flow on a regular and timely basis. Projecting your cash flow, especially using a specific period to compare, will help you learn more about your business and the activities that bring cash in and take cash out. At Inyange industries , start by listing all the items in a given period of time that would put money in the business (cash sales, paid receivables, asset sales, interest earned, rental income or draws on a loan) and the items that would take cash out of your business (wages, accounts payable, owner draws, loan payments, asset purchases).The findings show that the respondents with 41% reported that the main types of inventory at Inyange Industries is finished good, 19% reported that other important types of inventory is raw materials and 20% of respondents reported that it has inventory in process. The type of inventory is depending on the nature of firm. The findings show that the respondents with 51% reported that Inventory Management Process at Inyange Industries start with supervising stock items and 49% reported that after supervising follow controlling of the stock items those are two component of Inventory Management Process at Inyange Industries.

Keywords: Working capital, Management, Performance.

Title: EFFECT OF WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT ON THE PERFORMANCE OF MANUFACTURING COMPANY: CASE STUDY INYANGE INDUTRIES LTD

Author: MUGISHA GAD, Dr. Patrick MULYUNGI

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: Generally the study aimed at assessing the implementation factors affecting performance of persons with disabilities empowerment projects in Rwanda. The study used descriptive research design. The population of this study comprised of 84 members supported by Quick Win project. Data collection was done by requesting permission to the respondent to participate in the survey. The data were collected directly from the respondents by use of questionnaires. This study was descriptive and summarized the characteristics of the respondents; the descriptive statistics involved the use of mean, frequency, percentages and standard deviation about the variables of the study. Since the findings revealed that resources adequacy has positive and strong correlation to the performance of quick Win Project thereafter researcher concluded that there is a statistically significant relationship between resources adequacy and performance of Quin Win Project. The researcher further concluded a significant and positive relationship between detailed project plan and performance of quick win project. By considering the level of significance which is 0.05, the study concluded that detailed project plan  has a  significant  effect on the performance of Quick Win Project because their p-value (0.003) is statistically significant at 5% level of significance hence a high correlation between  detailed project plan and performance of Quick Win Project. The researcher concluded a significant relationship between stakeholders’ participation and performance of quick win project as the correlation between stakeholders’ participation and performance of quick win project was at the rate of 0.861 meaning that stakeholder’ participation influence performance of quick win project at the level of 86, 1%. By between stakeholder’ participation and performance of quick win project because their p-value (0.016) is statistically significant at 5% level of significance. The researcher recommended the project funders and managers to raise and mobilize enough project resources so as to ensure the performance of their projects. The researcher recommended to the project team to clearly establish the breakdown structures and ensuring that the scope of the project is clear enough to everyone and is not biased. The researcher recommended the project owners to engage all stakeholders in planning process, in implementation process and in evaluation process so as to make sure that the stakeholders expectations are met and well managed and the managers of Quin Win Project should make sure that all materials needed for members of cooperatives’ from NCPD in their daily activities are available.

Keywords: Project, Project performance, Empowerment and Stakeholder participation.

Title: IMPLEMENTATION FACTORS AFFECTING PERFORMANCE OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES EMPOWERMENT PROJECTS IN RWANDA:  A CASE STUDY OF QUICK WIN PROJECT

Author: Emmanuel MURERA, Dr. Patrick Mulyungi, Dr. Yosuf Michelle

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: Governments and private organizations in different parts of the world handle projects that are of different complexity and magnitude. These projects have been characterized by delays, substandard deliverables and way beyond the budget as they are likely to be influenced by various risks during their lifecycle. Consequently, project(s) manager should embrace best practices in risk management during implementation phase in order to ameliorate performance of construction projects. Construction projects generally in the world, region and Kenya in particular run a high risk of being well over budget and considerably behind schedule, but how construction projects are influenced on by risk management during implementation phase is a research gap that this study sought to fill. The overall objective of this research was to assess influence of risk management during implementation phase on performance of construction projects in Kenya, a case of Mpesa Foundation Academy Project. The specific objectives of the study were to determine influence of project scope changes, selection of the project team, availability of project funds and project site selection on performance of construction projects. Literatures were reviewed as views and opinions of various authors were sought in the area under study. The relationship between dependent and independent variables was presented in a conceptual framework. Based on a case study design methodology, the study had a target population of 240 employees and stratified random sampling was used to draw a sample size of 72 respondents. Both quantative and qualitative data was collected using questionnaires, interview and document analysis guides. Data analysis was accomplished by generation of frequencies, percentages, tables and figures. To describe the significance of the relationships between variables under research, Chi-Square analysis was used. Based on the objectives, findings show that project scope changes are inevitable, inadequate project funds and long approval procedure of project budget negatively influences project performance : in order to achieve intended results and necessity for all construction projects to be adapted to the reality of environment in which they are being implemented in and funds availability ensures acquisition of resources to accomplish project activities: therefore application of risk management is essential. There was statistically significant evidence on the relationship between independent variables and performance of construction projects, implying that there is significant influence on performance by the independent variables. However, this research identified ineffective level of risk management practices since majority of the practices were informal and most of the construction team members had not studied risk management or project management. The study therefore recommends that management of the Foundation should put in place sound, comprehensively structured and formal risk management practices with involvement of all construction professionals and end users during project implementation phase of construction projects. In order for employees to deliver as required, acquisiton of necessary skills needs to be done through regular trainings by management.

Keywords: Project Management, Project Scope, Project Risk Management, Project Team, Project Funding, Project Performance.

Title: Influence of Project Scope Changes and Availability of Funds during Implementation Phase on Performance of Construction Projects at Mpesa Foundation Academy, Kenya

Author: Bernard Mugo, Dr. Alice Simiyu

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

Research Publish Journals