Vol 4 Issue 2 October 2016-March 2017

Abstract: With the vigorous development of China's Internet, the rising number of Internet users, the Internet has become a fast access, publish and transfer information important channel, the Internet has become an important part in our life. Internet shopping is one of the main development direction of the Internet in recent years. The raise of Internet shopping has brought not only great convenience and benefits to the people's life, but also a new Internet economy. At the same time, it has broken the pattern of the original industry and made more pressure on traditional companies. Despite all of above said, the fastest growing internet shopping is C2C market. Taobao, the fastest growing and most successful C2C e-commerce sites, beat eBay in a short time by the free strategy. Then it becomes a domestic C2C e-commerce model of typical. This article does a preliminary study and research on the network marketing strategy of Taobao by taking a comparative analysis way. By strategic analysis tools , I analyzed successful experience of Taobao ,with the focus on the macroeconomic environment , Finally, combining with Taobao's development status and marketing situation, as well as Taobao's development process, through the SWOT analysis comprehensive analysis of Taobao's internal strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, etc. Put forward Taobao marketing strategy innovation improvement measures. With a view to further consolidate the competitive position of the advantages of Taobao and the development of China's C2C e-commerce. I suggested the appropriate marketing strategies and profitable way for reference. Keywords: C2C e-commerce, Taobao, network marketing strategy innovation. Title: The Analysis of Taobao C2C E-Commerce Marketing Strategy Author: Yunxiu Liu, Niopat Jitphrasong International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations ISSN 2348-7585 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Public procurement law regulates the purchasing by public sector bodies and certain utility sector bodies of contracts for goods, works or services. The most important factor in the successful management of the supply chain is a reliable relationship among the partners in the chain in such a way that they can have mutual trust in each other’s capabilities and activities. Therefore, in the development of any integrated supply chain, increasing the confidence and trust among the partners and devising the reliability for them are the crucial factors to achieve sustainable success. The reliability attribute is one of the most important means of measuring and assessing the performance in supply chains. Supply chain robustness is the capability that supply chains function normally with the changes in its internal structure and external environment. In a supply chain system, its uncertainties result from supply, manufacturing, sales and other operational aspects, this is from the earthquake, flood, fire, production accidents, and international economic environment and so on. All these could influence the normal operation of the supply chain. Robustness plays an important role in its income increase and the sustainability of the supply chain under these uncertain factors. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of Public Procurement Law on the Supply Chain Reliability at Nzoia Sugar Company Limited. The objectives of the study were; investigate the effect of efficiency on Supply Chain Reliability at Nzoia Sugar company ltd, to find out how collaboration influence on Supply Chain Reliability at Nzoia Sugar company ltd, to establish compliance practices on supply chain reliability at Nzoia Sugar Company ltd, to determine the skills level at Nzoia Sugar Company towards supply chain reliability, and to establish the e- procurement practices at Nzoia Sugar Company ltd. The study applied a descriptive statistical approach. Stratified sampling technique that was used to select the respondents in the procurement section at Nzoia Sugar Company. Both Primary data and secondary data will be used. Primary data was collected through structured and unstructured questionnaires. While secondary data was sought from literature review of industry, professional and other relevant publications. Individuals and key informants were appropriately identified to form another targeted respondents from which data was gathered through in-depth interview. Clarifications on the questionnaires required by the respondents were made by the researcher. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were explored to analyze data before presentation and interpretation. Keywords: Supply chin reliability, Public Procurement law, Public sector, compliance, Capability. Title: Effects of Public Procurement Law on the Supply Chain Reliability at Nzoia Sugar Company Limited Author: Alex Musonye Odanga, Dr. Mike Amuhaya Iravo, Mr. Robert Wamalwa Wandera International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations ISSN 2348-7585 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Capital structure decision is a vital one since the profitability of an enterprise is directly affected by such board decision. The existence of a well-developed board diversity assist in the effectiveness of debt. It is therefore important to examine how board diversity affects capital structure. However, in developing economies including Kenya there is scanty of literature on relationship between board diversity and capital structure. The main aim of the study was be to determine the effect of Board Diversity on Capital Structure among Listed firms in Nairobi Stock Exchange, Kenya. To establish effect of age diversity of board of directors on firm’s capital structure, effect of gender diversity of board of directors on firm’s capital structure, effect of ethnic diversity of board of directors on firm’s capital structure and national diversity of board of directors on firm’s capital structure. The study was informed by Pecking Order Theory and Agency Cost Theory. This study will adopt explanatory design. The study sampled all firms that have been listed on the Nairobi Stock Exchange (NSE) for eight-year period, 2004–2012. Thirty four firms qualified to be included in the study sample. The sample was selected from the firm which has been listed consistently for 8 years. This study utilized secondary data. Documentary guide used to collect data. Data was analysed using descriptive statistical method. In additional, multiple regression and correlation will also be used. The findings were that gender and age had significant and positive effect on capital structure whereas ethnicity and national had negative relationship with capital structure. Keywords: Capital Structure, Board Diversity, Listed firms, stock exchange, Age Ethnicity, Gender, National Diversity. Title: Effect of Board Diversity on Capital Structure among Listed Firms in Nairobi Stock Exchange, Kenya Author: Emmanuel LochorEmoni, Dr. Willy Muturi, Mr. Robert Wamalwa Wandera International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations ISSN 2348-7585 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: The purpose of the study was to assess the effects of branchless banking channels on performance of Barclays bank in Kenya. The specific objective of the study was to examine the effect of speed/service quality from branchless banking on the performance of Barclays bank in Kenya. The service quality theory was used to underpin the study. The research used mixed research methodology. The population for the study was 116 Barclays bank branch bank staff, agent or customer in Kenya. The sample size was 80 bank staff, agent or customers. The instrument was questionnaire. The sources of data included records from Barclays bank, and other reliable sources. Data was analyzed using both quantitative and qualitative means. Pearson Correlation (r) coefficient was used to determine the relationship between speed/service quality and subscription of branchless banking and performance of the bank. The contribution of convenience of branchless banking channels services on r squared was found to be 78.1% and the value was significant at (F (78, 1) =282.953, p<0.01). This indicates that for bank to increase their profits, they should consider making branchless banking channels services more convenience to customers as there is positive relationship between the bank profit and branchless banking channels convenience and the test was significant. Branchless banking channels are based on modern technology like computer, internet services and other mobile devices. The moderated regression analysis showed that with inclusion of technology, the coefficient of speed increases. The study recommendation for banks, they should try to make sure that branchless banking channels service are designed in the way that customers can easily use them. Keywords: Branchless Banking Profitability, Performance, Speed/Service Quality. Title: Assessment of Branchless Banking Profitability Outcomes on Performance of Commercial Banks in Kenya: A Case of Barclays Bank Branches Author: Bernard Situma Walela, Wilbrodah Mutsoli Muchibi, Josiah Roman Aketch International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations ISSN 2348-7585 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of government policy in corporate social responsibility projects on the performance of mobile phone service providers in Kenya. The study adopted a descriptive research design. The study had a target population of all the 262 staff in the corporate social responsibility department at Safaricom. The sample size of the study was 156 respondents. The study used both primary and secondary data Primary data was collected. Descriptive data analysis was employed in analyzing the data presented in the study. Ultimately, the research findings that good government policy corporate profit in companies for them to undertake CSR and community involvement in CSR activities was directed towards making appropriate recommendations for restructuring the CSR projects and practices, not only by the mobile phone service providers but also by all the corporate players in Kenya, towards making them more responsive to business needs of the corporations while enhancing their products and services amongst the population. In conclusion, CSR projects needs the joint participation of key stakeholders like the company, government and community for its CSR project performance. Keywords: Government Policies, Corporate Social Responsibility, Performance. Title: Effect of Government Policy in Corporate Social Responsibility Projects on the Performance of Mobile Phone Service Providers in Kenya Author: Rachel Wambui Kiarie, Dr. Jane Omwenga International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations ISSN 2348-7585 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Through the succession planning process, superior employees are recruited, their knowledge, skills, and abilities developed, hence preparing them for advancement or promotion into more challenging roles in the organization. The purpose of this study was to assess the extent of leadership in human resources succession planning in Kenyatta University within the last 5 years. It examined the organizational culture of human resources succession planning in the Public universities. This research employed questionnaires, these were distributed to the different Kenyatta university campuses, and there was use of key informants, FGDs as well as documentations to gather information for this study. Keywords: Leadership, Human Resource, Succession. Title: Effects of Leadership in Human Resources Succession Planning in Kenyatta University in Kenya Author: Sasso Danson, Dr. Jane Omwenga International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations ISSN 2348-7585 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Organizations formulate excellent strategies that must be effectively and efficiently implemented to ensure organizational success. The general purpose of this study was to evaluate factors affecting strategy implementation in Private Universities in Kiambu County, Kenya. The objectives of the study were; to determine the influence of management commitment and resource availability, e on strategy implementation in Private universities in Kenya. The study used a descriptive research design. The study had a sample size of 133 respondents. Stratified and simple random sampling techniques were applied in sample selection and data collected using questionnaires. Quantitative data was analyzed through descriptive statistics. The study applied both correlation and regression analysis to measure the degree of relationship between the study variables. The study established that management’s commitment was a positive signal for the organization to enhance strategy implementation and that the top management was responsible for making quick decisions required to manage any crises that arose during strategy implementation. The study also found that there was insufficient funding to support strategy implementation; use of information technology enhanced planning processes which were important in strategy implementation and that successful strategy implementation required clarity of duties and tasks to be done. The study recommends that the institutions should train its management to equip them with the right skills so that they are to cope up with the new roles of strategy implementation or hire competent management personnel that have the right skills, altitudes and capabilities to drive through their strategy implementation process. Keywords: Privatization, Higher Education Institutions, Strategy, Strategy implementation, Management. Title: Factors Affecting Strategy Implementation In Private Universities In Kiambu County, Kenya Author: Mary Gachua, Dr. Doris Mbugua International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations ISSN 2348-7585 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: This study sought to establish the determinants of strategic human resource management practice adoption in the government ministries in Kiambu County, Kenya. Specifically, the study sought to determine the effect of workforce diversity, top management support, culture and organization structure on adoption of strategic human resource management practices in the government ministries in Kiambu County. The study used a descriptive research design. The target population of the study consisted of all the staff drawn from various ministries of the government working in Kiambu County. The study used stratified and simple random sampling techniques to obtain a sample size. A questionnaire was used for data collection. In analysing the data, the study used descriptive statistics using SPSS V. 20 and inferential statistics. The study concluded that workforce diversity, top management support, culture and organization structure through their distinct features played a critical role in the adoption of SHRM practices in the government ministries. The study recommends that the national government should institute a policy that embraces workforce diversity in its recruitment processes. The study further recommends that the national government should ensure that each ministry has a functional HRM department that is adequately funded and staffed for it to effectively deliver on assigned responsibility and the senior management in the ministries should enhance their support to Human Resource functions in their respective ministries. In addition, the study also recommends that the HRM function should be recognized in the ministerial structures as a key function within the respective ministries. Keywords: Strategic Human Resource Management Practice, National Government. Title: Determinants of Strategic Human Resource Management Practice Adoption in the National Government in Kiambu County, Kenya Author: Jennifer Wangui Kamande, Dr. Doris Mbugua International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations ISSN 2348-7585 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is an important factor in the development process of nations. It has created opportunities for a revival of public discourse and improved governance efficiency. Specifically, the study seeks; determine the role of ICT in influencing availability of Information. Descriptive research design was used for this study whose target population will be the employees of Laikipia County government. A sample of 170 respondents were picked from the eight department of the County government using stratified sampling method. Primary data was collected using semi-structured questionnaires. Secondary data was also used. Analysis was done using SPSS version 23. The findings indicates that ICT makes information to be easily available and accessible. It can be concluded that ICT enhances access to government services and transactions when needed. It is necessary for the staff at Laikipia County to have experience in ICT usage and adoption in service delivery in order to better good governance. The county government should come up with developmental opportunities inform of workshops to enlighten the employees on how to benefit from ICT adoption in enhancing good governance. Keywords: Information Communication Technology, Governance, Development. Title: INFLUENCE OF AVAILABILITY OF INFORMATION ON GOOD GOVERNANCE IN LAIKIPIA COUNTY GOVERNMENT Author: Caroline Njeri Kirichu, Dr. Ephantus Kihonge International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations, ISSN 2348-7585 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Citizen participation has been a critical issue in the decision making process in the county. The Kenya Constitution of Kenya 2010, Article 201(a) states that there must be openness and accountability, including public participation in financial matters. However, citizen participation is not limited to any specific decision and public finance is no exception. The main aim of the study was to determine the effects of citizens’ levels of civic awareness on public finance management by the county government of Nyeri in Kenya. The study covered only the wards in Nyeri Town Sub County, Kenya. The sample size was 68 members of the public and 16 government officers. With a total 68 questionnaires distributed, all were returned but 4 officers were not available for the interview. Stratified random, simple random and purposive sampling techniques were used to draw the sample. The data was subjected to descriptive statistical analysis, and the results represented in graphs, tables and pie charts among others. The study found that the citizens were interested in attending the public fora but timely information was not accessible. Citizens’ civic awareness had a significant influence in community public participation in public finance management of the county government. Lack of understanding of budgets and budgeting procedures affected citizen participation in public finance. In conclusion, the civic awareness and its information dissemination framework significantly influenced citizens participation in public finance management. The study recommends that civic education should be undertaken in the County (as well as nationwide) to enlighten the citizens on matters relating to their rights of participation in county government functions especially in finance management. Keywords: Civic Awareness, Public Finance, Citizens’ Participation. Title: EFFECTS OF CITIZENS’ LEVELS OF CIVIC AWARENESS ON PUBLIC FINANCE MANAGEMENT BY THE COUNTY GOVERNMENT OF NYERI IN KENYA Author: Ann Wambui, Dr. E. Kihonge International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations, ISSN 2348-7585 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: In Kenya, changes in land use and land ownership have brought about a dramatic transformation in social composition, from a simple pastoral society to a complex multi stakeholder society, ranging from the foot zones down to the Laikipia Plateau and the Samburu Plains Based on this, water conflicts are common in Kenya‘s Laikipia County since people started settling and carrying out farming activities in the County, leading to the management of the water resources through community based organisations referred to as Water Resources Users Associations (WRUAs) whose intention is to act to manage conflicts over water. This study sought to assess the role of WRUAs in water conflict management among communities in Laikipia. Descriptive survey research was used to look at the variables that was studied, where both quantitative and qualitative approaches was adopted. Data was collected by use of questionnaires, which was administered to the target population of 559 members of the 7 WRUAs in Sub catchment 5BE. A sample size of 141 members out of 317 members from 4 randomly sampled WRUAs and 8 WRUA stakeholders responded. The data analysis was done using descriptive and inferential statistics, according to the research questions and objectives of the study. The findings indicated that WRUAs conflict management strategies contribute to managing conflicts related to water. Poor strategies were found to aid the conflict. The signs of the conflict included rise in complains on water, disagreements between communities and people breaking rules governing water. Keywords: Conflict Management, Strategies, Water Resources. Title: ROLE OF WATER RESOURCES USERS ASSOCIATIONS CONFLICT MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES ON MANAGING CONFLICTS RELATED TO WATER IN LAIKIPIA COUNTY, KENYA Author: Martha Wambui Wamuicho, Dr. Ephantus Kihonge International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations ISSN 2348-7585 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: The objective of the study is to understand IFMIS on reporting element, examine efficiency of budgeting, cash management and procurement on organizational performance IFMIS as system of accountability and the level of assistance of IFMIS and its contribution to change management in the county government of West Pokot. This study adopted an explanatory research design with the target population being all West Pokot county government employees involved with IFMIS modules; the budgeting module, reporting module, the procurement module, and cash management. The performance of the system on productivity, the design of the study is to give questionnaires to the entire departments in the county government, the questionnaire incorporate questions on different modules to help the study to develop its findings.The estimated population or the sample size is of 70 individual working for the County Government of west Pokot in different capacities. Data collection was done by use of both qualitative and quantitative method of statistical inference. The study used presentation in the form of pie charts, bar graphs, tally sheets and any statistical tool. The key finding was to enable these study to bring out the role of IFMIS on performance management in the county government of West Pokot.The expected output from the study has help to understand the IFMIS system and the effectiveness of the modules, and the accountability of the system. The study examined the past three years of the system to the county government of west Pokot and how the system has improved productivity, reduction on corruption, improve on individual workers performance and overall performance of the county government of West Pokot.The target population was stratified into categories of ranks in the organization. The study involve all cadres of employees in these County government of West Pokot. The sample population was 70 individuals who have been active user of the system in different ranks and files in the county government of West Pokot. The IFMIS system helped organizational performance to effective and efficiency through the following: Cash management contributed to organizational performance by 79%, while budgeting contributed about 80%, Reporting contributed to 77%, and Effective procurement contributed to 72%. The study concluded that all the variable studied gave positive and expected sign on organizational performance by integrated financial management information system. The IFMIS system helped efficient, effective and accountable system which is strategic and tactical to the organizational performance. The evidence assisted to reinforce the notion that IFMIS as system aid organizational performance in the department. I therefore recommendation the system to any public entity to help in the long term tackling of financial management, On performance (Chene,2009) argued that a well-designed integrated financial management information system (IFMIS) contain the following characteristics: it is a management tool, It provides a wide range of non-financial and financial information, it is a system and it impacts on corruption. Hove and Wynne (2010). An IFMIS assists management in ensuring accountability for the deployment and uses of public resources and in improving the effectiveness and efficiency of public expenditure programs, the study concurs with Hove and Wynne IFMIS system which in turn enhances organizational performance. Barata & Cain (2001). Recommendation that the foregoing research demonstrated that various IFMIS modules assist in organizational performance. Given that effective budgeting had more effect on organizational performance in West Pokot County, Budgeting as tool of management can measure performance of individual implementer and the organizational performance and therefore Budget involves planning at the initial stage and implementation is carried out through out to the end (Transparency International.2009). Keywords: Organisational performance, IFMIS, Efficiency. Title: ROLE OF INTERGRATED FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE, A CASE STUDY OF WEST POKOT COUNTY Author: Bonface Patric Omondi Dimba, Dr. Mike Amuhaya Iravo, Dr. Yusuf Kibet International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations, ISSN 2348-7585 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: This study sought to establish factors that influence successful completion of county funded projects in Trans-Nzoia County, Kenya. The study objectives were: To determine the effect of funds allocation on successful completion of county funded projects in Trans-Nzoia County, to establish how the monitoring and evaluation skills among personnel affect successful completion of county funded projects, to explore the effect of political intervention on successful completion of county funded projects, and to examine how project identification influence completion of projects in County government funded projects. The study was modelled along the Stakeholder Theory, Resource Based View Theory, Agency Theory and Acquired Needs Theory. Descriptive research design was used to survey a target population of 74 respondents where the census method was used since it was less than a hundred which is the maximum number below which census is used. The source of the required data was through the questionnaires. Data analysis was carried out by both the regression tools and ANOVA using output from the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23. The findings revealed a statistically significant regression effect and indicated a prediction of the dependent variable through the F calculated (F =179.96). A value greater than 5% level of significance showed a significant model where the independent variables explained 92% (R2 = 0.916) of successful completion of county funded projects. However, Funds Allocation was the most significant determinant of successful completion of county funded projects at 58% with (Standardized β=0.359). The findings of the study will enable the county governments to come up with better approaches in handling challenges in project implementation and completion. Keywords: Government Funded Projects, Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Title: FACTORS INFLUENCING COMPLETION OF COUNTY GOVERNMENT FUNDED PROJECTS IN TRANS-NZOIA COUNTY Author: Selina Wanyonyi, Dr.Wlly Muturi International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations ISSN 2348-7585 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Investment decision is one of important components of modern financial management which determines the company’s future direction for developing and source of value growth. Investment decision can affect not only the company’s financing decision and dividend decision directly, also its profitability, operational risk and development prospect. The evaluation of the investment efficiency is an important standard to judge the success or failure from the investment. It not only plays a decisive role in the sustainable development of the company, also affects and reflects the operational efficiency of the nation's financial system from a macro perspective. But for many reasons, the company's investment decisions can't always be high efficiency like shareholders expect, and the goal of maximizing enterprise value is not so easy that every company can achieve. Subjectively, the existence of moral hazard and adverse selection often makes managers tend to make decisions that work best for themselves rather than for maximizing enterprise value. Objectively, the managers maybe make inefficient investment decisions because of imperfect company’s governance structure, macro-economy overheating and low efficiency of country’s financial system that it damages the value of the company. Regarding the enterprise investment efficiency, scholars both domestic and overseas have made abundant research, which provides the beneficial guidance and theoretical support for this paper. In this paper, it has learned from the research results of scholars at home and abroad based on the agency theory. Firstly, the forecast model about the variable investment spending is set up to identify under-investment and over investment, two types of inefficient investments. Secondly, Starting from the index of free cash flow, combining different enterprise environments and evaluating whether the relationship between free cash flow and investment spending under the condition of different enterprises have significantly different. Lastly, the research about the above referred will be extended to the enterprise value. We will analysis whether the relationship among the three aspects have any significant changes under different business environments. In this paper, we select the machinery and equipment manufacturing industry in China manufacturing industry as the sample. This industry started early. Companies’ differences in this field are limited though their sizes are general large-scale. This industry’s speculative is weak and not having obvious industrial characteristics though there are many companies. All of these have great benefits for our systemic research combined with enterprise financial indexes. In this paper, we do our research by using methods like correlation, descriptive analysis and multiple regression analysis and so on. The results show that, the excessive investment does have more relevant with positive free cash flow, but this revelation will vary with the change of enterprises’ operation ability. And the indexes of the enterprises’ operation ability can also affect the relationship among investment spending, free cash flow and enterprise value. Of course our research has limitations in some way in this paper. For examples, the accuracy of the expected investment model needs further assessment and improvement, the grouping method in comparative study is comparing single, do the investigation without the external factors of enterprise, etc. These limitations are places where to improve and break through for our research. Keywords: Free cash flow; moderate risk investment; inefficient investment; entereprise value. Title: Correlation analysis among Free Cash flow, Investment Expenditure and Corporation Value Author: Yan Wang, Qiao Ming Li International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations ISSN 2348-7585 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: This research aims at investigating the true impact of budget deficit (BD) on economic growth of Nigeria which is proxied by the real gross domestic product (RGDP). This study employed both theoretical and empirical approaches to determine the effectiveness of fiscal deficits in expanding the level of economic activity. The sample taken for the current study comprises of time-series considering period of 1970-2011. Regression analysis using Ordinary least squares (OLS) is conducted to ascertain the impact of BD on the RGDP, and the result showed a positive impact of budget deficit on the economic growth. This following the Keynesian theory implies that government budget deficit if invested in the production of public capital goods results in an increase in growth through the crowding-in effect of private investment. The study therefore recommends that where fiscal deficits are necessary in correcting economic cycles, such deficits should have target investments that are self-sustaining and through which, significant levels of investment and development in the economy can be enhanced. Furthermore, curbing corruption, an important source of fiscal deficits in Nigeria, will help to reduce the deficits and ensure prudent management of national resources. Keywords: Budget Deficit, Keynesian Theory, Crowding-In Effect. Title: An Empirical Analysis of the Impact of Budget Deficit on Economic Growth in Nigeria (1970-2011) Author: Frederick Ijeoma Joy, Ume Chukwuma Otum, Osuagwu, Queen Onyekachi International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations ISSN 2348-7585 (Online) Research Publish Journals