Vol 5 Issue 2 October 2017-March 2018

Abstract: The provision of credit has increasingly been regarded as an important tool for raising the incomes of rural populations, mainly by mobilizing resources to more productive uses.  Credit is the borrowing capacity of an individual or company. This study was intended to assess the lending policies and credit access of formal financial institutions in relation to socio-economic effect to clients in Botolan Zambales, Philippines. Descriptive research design was employed with a quota of Thirty (30) residents in Botolan availing loans using a questionnaire in data gathering. It includes determining the profile variables as well as the lending policies, access to credit, and the socio-economic effect to the client. It was found out that the respondents perceived “very strongly agree” on perception about credit and perceived “strongly agree on types and purpose of the loan, respectively. Perceived “very strongly agree” on the socio-economic effect to the client. It was also perceived to have a significant relationship between the lending policies of formal financial institutions and the clients’ socio-economic aspect. Therefore, proper implementation of policies can help an organization to succeed; customers should be treated with respect because they the blood of every business.

Keywords: lending policies, socio-economic, formal financial institutions, descriptive research, Zambales Philippines.

Title: Lending Policies and Credit Access in Relation to Perceived Socio-Economic Effect to Clients of Formal Financial Institutions

Author: Fershie D. Yap

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: Competition and turbulence in the marketing environment has forced firms to think strategically. Forming alliances with key stakeholders like customers has become very important. Customer relationship building that leads to customer loyalty and customer retention has come to the fore in recent times. Understanding how customer satisfaction and trust leads to loyalty after good customer relationship is the main purpose of the study. Results from the study showed that customer satisfaction and trust mediate the relationship between customer relationship tactics and customer loyalty to a certain extent but not fully. Companies are therefore encouraged to be particular about the quality, price, the image of the brand and the value offered by the product.

Keywords: customer relationship tactics, customer satisfaction, customer trust and customer loyalty.

Title: Satisfaction and Trust Mediating the Customer Relationship Management Tactics and Customer Loyalty Relationship: The Tertiary Students’ Perspective

Author: Rudolph Asomaning, Desmond Ato Enyanful

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: The research has shown that internal audit independence and authority impacts on service delivery and concluded that service delivery is enhanced by there being a clear policy on the establishment of the internal audit function which protects the internal auditors from undue pressure of reprisals when they report. Also the research  concluded that internal auditors technical competence impacts on the performance of the function and the audit staff need to have competence in risk profiling, performance measurement principles, financial analysis tools and techniques, ICT and tech-based audit techniques and an overall appreciation of organization objectives and how these link to the objectives of the internal audit function. Lastly the research recommends that the county department should keep organizing seminars and workshops to train the internal auditors and that the heads of the internal audit department should be responsible to the audit committees who possess sufficient authority to promote independence and to ensure that the broad audit objectives are met. Further, the study also recommends that the internal audit function should have the latest internal audit software and be aware of the developments in the internal audit frameworks to enhance their pivotal role in the development of effective public financial management systems in Kenya.

Keywords: Effects, Internal Audit, Service Delivery.

Title: Effects of Internal Audit Function on Service Delivery in Kenya, Case Study of Bomet County

Author: CLARAH CHEBET, DANIEL KAMAU KARABA, DR.KEPHA OMBUI

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: Corporate Governance among companies in Kenya has often been associated with the financing behaviour of the firms. Efforts to revive the ailing and liquidating companies have focused on financial restructuring. A great dilemma for management and investors alike is whether there exists good Corporate Governance (CG) and how various corporate governance principles influence financial performance. Despite the tight regulatory framework, Corporate Governance continues to be weak in Kenya this has led to many companies being characterized by scandals. While most firms listed on the Nairobi Securities Exchange (NSE) have improved in performance, agricultural firms have experienced declining fortunes and some have even been delisted from the NSE over the last decade. Financial and governance problems have been experienced by the companies to an extent that they have been put under statutory management. This has resulted to occasional loss of stakeholders ‘wealth and the overall investors’ confidence’ in the NSE. In spite of the support from the government of Kenya, the agricultural sector has continued to face enormous challenges in with many companies in the sector closing down. This study therefore investigated the Influence of Corporate Governance on Performance of Agricultural Firms listed on NSE. The specific objectives were: to determine the influence of disclosure of accounting and financial reporting systems, influence of institutional shareholding ratio and to determine the moderating effect of government policies and regulations on financial performance of agricultural firms listed on the NSE. The population was all the 7 agricultural firms listed on the NSE for the period of 7 years. Survey design was used in this research. After stratifying the target population using seven departments, 98 respondents were selected using census sampling technique. At each agricultural firm a sample of 14 respondents was selected to represent the entire entity. The study used questionnaire to gather data. To enhance validity, the researcher exposed the instruments to experts for judgment. To assess the reliability of instruments, the test re-test technique was used on participants during the pilot study. The SPSS version 21 was used to analyse questionnaires. The study found that institutional share ratio, debtor’s management and disclosure of accounting and financial reporting system have a positive and significant influence on financial performance. Therefore, it was concluded that corporate governance has significant influence on performance of agricultural firms listed on Nairobi Securities Exchange. It was also concluded that government policies and regulations have significant effect on the influence of corporate governance on financial performance. The study recommended that listed firm at NSE should consider their corporate government practices especially disclosure of accounting and financial reporting system and CMA should enact stringent rules and regulations to ensure that listed firms uphold good corporate governance practices.

Keywords: Corporate Governance, Financial Performance.

Title: Influence of Corporate Governance on Financial Performance of Agricultural Firms Listed on Nairobi Securities Exchange

Author: Dickson Malanga Shikanga, Dr. Clive Mukanzi, Dr. Douglas Musiega

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

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Abstract: An efficient market is one where there are large number of rational profit makers actively competing with each other trying to predict future market values of individual securities, and where important current information is almost freely available to all participants. This paper tested the semi-strong efficiency of the banking sector of the Nairobi Securities Exchange by examining the reaction of stock returns around annual earnings announcements. A causal research design and an event study methodology were used for five years (2011-2015). 21 days event windows were selected and daily stock returns for 6 banks that were listed and trading over the five year period examined. To ascertain the presence of normal or abnormal returns, adjusted market model was used. The average excess returns (AER) and cumulative average excess returns (CAER) were determined and their significance tested using t-statistics at 5% significance level. The results obtained indicated that there were few days that average excess returns and cumulative average excess returns were recorded. However, since the number of days that the investors could realise abnormal losses or returns were very few, this paper concluded that the investors in the banking sector of the Nairobi Securities Exchange had no scope of consistently outperforming the market; thus a semi-strong form of pricing efficiency.

Keywords: Annual Earnings Announcement, Stock Returns, Average Excess Returns, Cumulative Average Excess Returns, Kenyan Banking Sector, Nairobi Securities Exchange.

Title: Annual Earnings Announcements and Stock Returns: A Test of Semi-Strong Form of Efficiency of the Banking Sector of the Nairobi Securities Exchange

Author: Samuel M. Muchori, Dr. Charles Y.Tibbs, Dr. Alala B. Ondiek

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: This research paper discusses Bankstown Hospital’s Human Resource Management (HRM) in relation to its organizational objectives and performance, and provides sustainable solutions for improvement. It has been identified that there is underperformance in the Bankstown Hospital system, and critical analysis of its organisational systems and processes have revealed several key issues affecting workplace performance and efficiency. The paper proses several recommendations for improvement using the Six Sigma Quality Control Framework and World Health Organisation (WHO) standards. The paper underlines the implementation of solutions in the areas of strategic goals and objectives, as well as analyses the strengths and weaknesses of specific HRM strategies. In conclusion, improved HRM strategies in Bankstown Hospital are needed to survive in an increasingly changing environment and to improve workplace performance, and hence can result in the best health care outcomes. 

Keywords: Human Resource Management (HRM), World Health Organisation (WHO), Risk of Investment (ROI), Key Performance Indicator (KPI).

Title: Building an Organisation Efficiency Framework for the Workforce in Bankstown Hospital (Experimental Six Sigma)

Author: Hamzeh Khudeir, DUA’A Khudeir

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: The study investigated police reforms and its effects on performance of administration police service. The police officers posted at Bomet County were included to give the required information for the analysis and reporting purposes. Since time of colonial and post-colonial, the police service has been perceived to service other interests other than what they are mandated to by law. In Kenya, Police reforms has undergone various reforms as the Government has established several task forces on Police reforms with distinct and successive mandates. Information from available literature mentions that police reforms in Kenya is becoming an important policy issue being implemented. With the police reforms being implemented, concerns of its effects raise and hence the study aimed to investigate the effects of these police reforms. The specific objectives of the study includes; To investigate effect of reforms strategies on professionalism on performance of the administration police service, to investigate the effects of reforms strategies on police accountability on performance in administration police service, to investigate effects of reforms strategies on operational preparedness of administration police on their performance and to investigate effects of strategic reforms in the administration police service on community policing in Bomet town. The target population of the study was 700 administration police officers. The commanders and the police officers working under them were sampled using stratified random sampling. A sample formula was used to come up with a sample of 254 administration police officers from the target population. The data collection was through the issuance of questionnaires and its validity and reliability was pre-tested through sampled police officers. The data was then be analyzed through mixed approach method and presented through charts, tables and graphs. The study revealed that there has been a positive effect on professionalism reform strategies on the performance of the administration police service. It was also revealed that accountability reforms strategies introduced have had a positive effect on the performance of the administration police service. Operational preparedness of the administration police service has been improved due to the reforms in the area. Community policing too have been a great initiative and has had a positive effect on the performance of the administration police service. 

Keywords: Effects, Strategies & Performance.

Title: EFFECT OF REFORMS STRATEGIES ON THE PERFORMANCE OF ADMINISTRATION POLICE SERVICE IN BOMET COUNTY

Author: CHEMUTAI ROSE, DR KEPHA OMBUI

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: This Research paper dwells into application of Operations Research into Marketing. Operations Research has implementations of LPP, Network Analysis and Big Data Analytics in Marketing and its branches like digital marketing, social marketing etc. of which we have used Big Data Analytics as a tool to know the impact that data driven marketing strategy has on the concerned companies. We have identified the critical problems faced by marketers in the process of using big data for their marketing strategy and the suitable solutions to tackle the same. We have analysed the impact of data analytics on marketing strategy and in extension the positive change it has on the revenue streams of the company. We have studied how companies use the data after collection and how do they optimize their workings on this basis. The broad strategies like targeting and segmentation is also data driven and so is the advertisement and recommendation strategy on online platforms. We have taken use cases of various prominent companies to illustrate how they use this asset of theirs to increase their productive output and market reach. Lastly, we have also mentioned about the data management platforms which these companies use in order to store, analyse and classify the data they have collected and how it impacts their overall marketing efforts.

Keywords: The Research Paper is a beginner’s overview of how big data analytics works and how it is implemented in day to day marketing policies.

Title: Application of Big Data Analytics in Marketing

Author: Smaran Mehrotra, Soumya Palriwala, Srishti Goyal, Sumnesh Salodkar, Tanish Broker

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: E-commerce, which is combination of traditional commerce and Internet, has brought dramatic changes of the way business transactions are conducted Kenya business environment and more also on transaction being conducted in Public school in the county. The focus of the study was to assess constraints hindering E-payments on business risk management in public secondary schools in Bomet County. This study was guided by the following research objectives: to determine the influence of ICT skills on business risk management; to establish the role of technology on business risk management; to assess influence of the cost of the system on the business risk management; to determine the moderating effects of the government policy on the business risk management. This study adopted a descriptive research design approach. The target population were 120 bursars and accountants in the public secondary schools in Bomet County. The data analysis involved descriptive statistics and the findings were summarized by use of tables and figures.Public secondary schools in Bomet county are faced by policy challenges due to insufficient laws, rules, regulations and management policies for successful implementation of electronic payment systems in schools.The study also indicated that the schools has faced challenges in patronizing the stakeholders to embrace the new electronic payment systems, In  regard to strategies, the study showed that enhancing staff capabilities through training and attitudinal changes can be used as strategy for enhancing adoption of electronic payment systems. Secondly, implementing the electronic gadgets is too costly thus more emphases in reducing the cost. Thirdly increasing stakeholder’s awareness through use of marketing campaigns and promotions can also be used as strategy of enhancing the adoption of electronic payment systems. On the contrary, the study lacked sufficient empirical evidence to indicate that offering differentiated pricing can be used as strategy to enhance the adoption of electronic payment systems. Finally, regression analysis showed a positive relationship between the volume of turnover and the need for enhanced staff capabilities; the need for enhanced differentiated pricing; and the need for enhanced convenience increases. The study recommends aligning of the process of the implementation of electronic payment systems to schools strategies to create synergy and maximize the benefits accrued from the process. Still, the study recommends establishment of clear policies, regulations and strategies both internally and government sponsored to address the challenges of security concerns, infrastructure, policy and lack of customer awareness in implementation and promotion of electronic payment systems in the private universities in Kenya.

Keywords: Contraints, E-Payment, Management.

Title: Constraints Hindering Adoption of E-Payments on Business Risk Management in Public Secondary Schools in Bomet County

Author: SHADRACK KIPLANGAT KEMEI, DANIEL KAMAU KARABA, DR KEPHA OMBUI

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: Many small business enterprises (SBEs) in Kenya borrow capital from the microfinance institutions to enhance the operation of their businesses. The study was examining the effects of Micro finance institutions services on the growth of small and medium enterprises in Bomet County. It was guided by the following objectives: To determine the effect of loan disbursement on the growth of small and medium enterprises in Bomet County; To assess the effect of training on the growth of small and medium enterprises in Bomet county; To establish how savings affect the growth of small and medium enterprises in Bomet County; To establish the effect of technology on the growth of small and medium enterprises in Bomet County. The number of micro-finance institutions in Kenya continues to grow rapidly .However; their wide presence does not correspond with the growth of small and medium enterprises in Bomet County. This research adopted a descriptive research design. A descriptive research design is a scientific method which involves observing and describing the behavior of a subject without influencing it in any way. The research population consisted of 350 registered SME’s in 5 sub counties in Bomet County. Sampling methods will be used to select 183 small medium scale business enterprises. Primary data was collected using structured questionnaires based on the research questions administered by the researcher. The study adopted descriptive research design. Data was analyzed by use of quantitative methods. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze data including frequencies and percentages and results displayed in tables. Inferential statistics, correlation and regression analysis was also be used.

Keywords: small business enterprises (SBEs), microfinance institutions, businesses.

Title: EFFECTS OF MICRO FINANCE INSTITUTIONS SERVICES ON THE GROWTH OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES IN BOMET COUNTY

Author: Dorah Chepkorir Moluche, Dr. Kepha Ombui

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: Customer satisfaction represents a modern approach for quality in enterprises and organizations invest in developing a truly customer-focused management and culture. Measuring a customer satisfaction offers an immediate, meaningful and objective feedback about client’s preferences and expectations i.e. Influence of bank products and services, influence of credit card charges, transaction fees, and influence of loan requirements. The purpose of this study was to establish the effects of bank information disclosure on customer preference of bank, bank managers who disclose information to customers are likely to attract and retain customers. The study was based on a descriptive survey design. The study targeted bank customers drawn from Bomet County. Random sampling technique was used to select sample size of two hundred and ninety respondents. Data was collected by use of questionnaires. The validity of the instrument was established by having the supervisor review the questions in the questionnaire. A pilot study was done in order to ensure the validity of the instruments. Data was analyzed through descriptive statistics technique such as frequency distribution and percentages. The study concludes that customers were attracted to bank due to information disclosed to them pertaining the bank services and products, credit repayment plan and business loan. It has also been established that information on credit card charges affected customers’ preferences in commercial banks in Bomet County. It has also been established that customers were being informed about ATM fee, withdrawal fee and electronic fund transfer. The study recommends that there should be proper maintenance of the system used by the bank in order to ensure smooth flow of information that is of vital importance to the customers and the organizations concerned. The findings of the study may be useful the bank management in ensuring that bank realize increased market capitalization. The findings may also supplement the existing literature on the effects of information disclosure on customers’ preference in commercial banks in Kenya.

Keywords: Customer satisfaction represents, customers’ preference, commercial banks.

Title: Effects of Banking Information Disclosure on Customers’ Preferences in Commercial Banks in Kenya: A Case of Selected Commercial Banks in Bomet County

Author: Chepkirui Agnes Orwasa, Dr. Kepha Ombui

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: The need for establishment of CRB services in any financial system arises because of information asymmetry between lenders and borrowers. The study aims to assess the strategic role of credit referencing bureau on credit risk management on microfinance institution in Kericho County. It was guided by four objectives: To determine the influence of credit information sharing on the credit risk management on microfinance institutions in Kericho county; To establish the effect of credit scoring on microfinance institutions in Kericho county; To analyze the role of the reduced moral hazard on microfinance institutions in Kericho county; To establish the effect of loan portfolio diversification on microfinance institutions in Kericho county. The study was guided by four theories namely; Theory of Asymmetric Information; Adverse Selection Theory; Moral Hazard Theory; Information Theory of Credit; Power Theory of Credit .The study adopted a descriptive research design and The researcher targeted  the 10 microfinance. The study targeted employee of microfinance in the county. This study adopted Cluster sampling technique. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were adopted for the study. The quantitative data was analyzed by using descriptive statistics which includes frequency distribution tables and measures of central tendency (the mean), measures of variability (standard deviation) and measures of relative frequencies. The inferential statistics included a regression model which established the relationship between variables. Data was analyzed by the use of a statistical software SPSS version 20. Data was presented in the form of tables and charts. Looking at the variables collectively, it’s evident from the table that 59.2% of variance in the credit risk management practices by Commercial banks. 59.2% of the variations in the credit risk management practices by Commercial banks can be explained by the identified independent variables: Credit Information Sharing, Credit Scoring, Reduced Moral Hazard, and Loan Portfolio Diversification.

Keywords: financial system, credit risk management, microfinance institutions in Kericho county.

Title: STRATEGIC ROLE OF CREDIT REFERENCING BUREAU ON CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT IN MICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONS IN KERICHO COUNTY

Author: CHEPKOECH CORAZON, DANIEL KAMAU KARABA, DR KEPHA OMBUI

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: Organizations are continually been involved in projects as a competitive tactic to ensure that they remain relevant in their respective fields. This research proposal sought to find out determinants of project management information system on successful implementation of Road construction projects in Nairobi County. The Objectives of this study were PMIS software, access to project reports, Influence of documentation management and complexity of the system. The four independent variables (the system, quality report, the documentation and complexity) were found to have a strong and positive correlation with the dependent variable (project performance).The research also found out that the use of the system to generate quality information needed by the user (project manager) to perform project tasks helped the project managers perform their tasks in a more professional manner thus increasing the performance of the project. It was therefore concluded that the use of PMIS has helped in the improving performance of project in Nairobi County while respecting the projects constraints of time, budget and quality specification while meeting the project objectives. Future studies could evaluate performance from the client’s perspective and can also research Project management in relations to the counties.

Keywords: Determinants, Successful, Construction.

Title: DETERMINANTS OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM ON SUCCESFUL IMPLEMENTATION OF ROAD CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS IN NAIROBI COUNTY

Author: Mutheu Sarah Syuki, Dr. Kepha Ombui

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations

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Abstract: This research is in context with Game Theory and its various applications in the fields of Finance, International relations, Operations Research and Poker.

The same theory can be applied in politics to explain the crisis between Iran and Israel or in finance to see how an individual makes decisions to satisfy their own objectives based on a firm’s dividend decision, or it’s application in movies such as ‘The battle of the sexes’ and even in poker.

Keywords: Game Theory application, International relations, Operations Research.

Title: Game Theory Application in Various Fields of Work

Author: Hemant Sundar, Isha Zaveri, Ishita Shah, Gavin Pais, Jash Pandya

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations

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Abstract: Recent studies have shown interest and the benefits of implementing multi echelon supply chains and inventory systems. However, these studies are found to have a number of notable limitations. For instance transportation and distribution are barely touched on as inputs into a complete operational supply chain.  This study therefore aimed at finding out the role of multi-echelon distribution system on supply chain performance in manufacturing in Kenya a case study of Toyota Kenya. The specific objectives of the study were to determine the level of process integration on supply chain performance in manufacturing companies in Kenya, to find out the influence of inventory policy on supply chain performance in manufacturing companies in Kenya, to examine the influence of supplier management on supply chain performance in manufacturing companies in Kenya and to evaluate the effect of lead-time management on supply chain performance in manufacturing companies in Kenya. The research questions of the study reads as: What is the level of process integration on supply chain performance in manufacturing companies in Kenya? What is the level of cost efficiency on supply chain performance in manufacturing companies in Kenya? What is the influence of inventory policy on supply chain performance in manufacturing companies in Kenya? What is the influence of supplier management on supply chain performance in manufacturing companies in Kenya? And what is the effect of lead-time management on supply chain performance in manufacturing companies in Kenya? The study’s scope is limited to Toyota in Kenya. The study captures theoretical literatures on systems theory, transaction cost economics, just in time, network perspective and theory of constraints. A clear illustration is used to demonstrate the conceptual framework of the study with the independent variables in question being process integration, cost efficiency, inventory policy, supplier management and lead-time management. The study will employ the use of questionnaire to collect data. Descriptive research design will be used. The study will adopt simple random sampling techniques approach to analyze the data. Statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 24 will be used to report the descriptive statistics for various variables in the study. The study recommends that manufacturing companies especially the assembly industries should have well established distribution systems to ensure efficient and effective supply chains. These distribution systems would help greatly reduce delivery times, costs of production, information flow stagnation and supplier disagreements and even ensure a holistic integration of the entire supply chains of their organisations.

Keywords: Role, Distribution Systems, Supply Chain Performance. 

Title: Role of Multi-Echelon Distribution Systems on Supply Chain Performance in Manufacturing Sector In Kenya: A Case of Toyota Kenya

Author: KENNEDY ONYANGO, DR. NOOR SHALE

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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