Vol 5 Issue 2 October 2017-March 2018

Abstract: The purpose of the study was to determine the role of humanitarian logistics on supply chain performance in non-governmental organizations in Kenya, the case of ACTED Kenya. The study was guided by four theories which were: Resource-based view theory, transaction cost theory, information processing theory and network perspective theory. The study adopted a descriptive research design and was a case study. The study involved 36 employees working in the procurement department, logistics department, ICT department and warehouse department who constituted the target population at ACTED Kenya, a non-governmental organization. All the 36 employees in the four departments were involved in the study making the study to employ a census technique in data collection. Employees of these four departments were issued with closed-ended questionnaires that contained research items on each variable. The validity of the instruments to be used in this study was established by conducting a pilot study. After collection of the raw data was complete, the questionnaires were checked for proper recording of the responses and completeness. The collected data was then coded and analyzed through the use of Statistical Package for Social Sciences SPSS version 21.Quantitative data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistical techniques. Descriptive statistics included means, standard deviation, frequencies, and percentages while inferential statistics by means of correlation and regression analysis. A multiple regression models was developed and was used to guide the study. Findings were presented in narratives and tables. Multiple linear regression results have shown that four predictors can explain 72.25% of supply chain performance: inventory prepositioning, transport management, ICT integration and strategic partnership. The study established that inventory prepositioning, transport management, ICT integration and strategic partnership were significant determinants of supply chain performance at ACTED Kenya. The study concluded that the attainment of supply chain performance depended on the independent variables.

Keywords: humanitarian logistics, ICT department, non-governmental organizations, ACTED Kenya.

Title: ROLE OF HUMANITARIAN LOGISTICS ON SUPPLY CHAIN PERFORMANCE IN NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS IN KENYA: A CASE OF ACTED KENYA

Author: MAGADI WANNER BRIAN, DR. NOOR SHALE

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations, 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: Inventories constitute a significant proportion of current assets in distribution firms; therefore, it is necessary that inventories must be controlled efficiently and effectively in order to avoid unnecessary investment of funds and thereby to improve the firm’s performance. Distribution firms are constantly seeking to improve their inventory control system in order to stay afloat in business and stay clear from extensive competition from their competitors. Supply chain performance is achieved through a proper inventory control system; when the firm is able to meet end customers’ needs associated with ensuring the availability of product, delivering it on time in the right way and ensuring appropriate inventory level. This study therefore sought to examine the effect of inventory control system on supply chain performance in distribution firms in Kenya. The study was a case study research design as it places more emphasis on the full contextual analysis of fewer events and their interrelation. The target population of the study consisted of staff from the four distribution centers in Nairobi (Mugoya, Kenroid, BDC and SDV Transami). The study adopted stratified random sampling as a sampling technique in selecting the sample data. Data collection instruments were structured questionnaires to collect primary data. The study also made use of secondary sources of data. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 21. Findings were presented in form of tables, graphs, charts and figures followed by interpretation and discussion of the findings. Afterwards, conclusions and recommendations were drawn. Correlation analysis was employed to know the relationship between variables. Multi linear regression results have those four predictors can explain 65.61% of change in supply chain performance. Following the results of the study it’s worthwhile to conclude that there is a positive and significant relationship between inventory control system and supply chain performance in distribution firms through staff competence, order size, customer service level and lead time. Further research study can be conducted in other distribution firms and other sectors of the economy to establish if inventory control system has an effect on supply chain performance. The study recommended that distribution firms should embrace inventory control system so that they reap from immense benefits accrued from an efficient and effective system, it should also be encouraged to attain supply chain performance.

Keywords: avoid unnecessary investment of funds, Distribution firms.

Title: Effects of Inventory Control System on Supply Chain Performance in Distribution Firms in Kenya: A Case of Bollore Africa Limited

Author: EMELDA NYAKOBOKE KAMANDA, DR. NOOR SHALE

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations

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Abstract: The Public Procurement system in Kenya has grown from a rudimentary stage during the colonial and post-colonial period to a vibrant regulated system that compares well with the international standards. State corporations play a major role in the development of the country through provision of public services and have become a strong entity in Kenya and very useful engines to promoting development. This study therefore sought to establish the factors that affect public procurement on the procurement performance of state corporations in Kenya a case study of Kenya National Library Services and it evaluated how supplier management, contract management, information communication technology and procurement policy affected public procurement on the procurement performance of State Corporations in Kenya. The theoretical review consisted of theories such as benchmarking model, agency and transactional cost economic theory, technology, organization and environment model and linear policy model. The study adopted a descriptive research design. The target population was 369 which consisted of a sample frame of the top, middle and operational level staff working at Kenya National Library Services. The study used stratified sampling where proportionate sampling was used to determine the specific sample size of each strata.  Data collection instrument were structured questionnaire which was used to collect primary data. Journals, books and e-resources were used to obtain secondary data. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 21 and Excel 2013. The data was classified, tabulated, summarized then presented in tables, percentages, bar and pie charts. Multivariate regression analysis was employed to know the relationship between the dependent and the independent variables. Multivariate regression results have shown that four predictors can explain 65.6% of change in performance namely: supplier management, contract management, information communication technology and procurement policy. Following the results of the study, it is worthwhile to conclude that is a positive relationship between factors affecting public procurement and procurement performance. Through supplier management, contract management, ICT and procurement policy, Kenya National Library Services has been able to achieve better procurement performance. It is therefore clear that factors affecting public procurement in state corporations and other public sector institutions can be controlled to achieve improved procurement performance than the one forecasted to achieve.

Keywords: Factors, Public Procurement, Kenya National Library.

Title: FACTORS AFFECTING PERFORMANCE OF PUBLIC PROCUREMENT FUNCTION AT THE KENYA NATIONAL LIBRARY SERVICES

Author: Isiaho Veronica Khagoitsi, Prof Mike Iravo

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: This study investigated determinants of the implementation of social media strategies in devolved governments. It focuses on Nairobi City County. This study adopted two theoretical foundations, namely: diffusion of innovation theory; information theory; the resource dependency and; perceptual control theories. The study conceptualized that volatility in social media innovativeness; scarcity of resources; communication policy and; ICT literacy (independent variables) effect of determine the level to which social media strategies are implemented in devolved governments (depended variable). The study used the descriptive research design. Data was collected using questionnaires from 92 workers drawn from 12 county government ministries and 28 departments of Nairobi City County sampled using stratified proportionate sampling. These were directors, departmental heads and other senior workers. It was hoped that these could contribute significantly to the study. The collected data was cleaned and coded and analyzed using SPSS and Microsoft Excel. The following statistical tests and procedures were used to analyze the data. These included: descriptive statistics (frequencies, percentages and means) and; inferential statistics (Pearson Correlation and Multiple Regression Analysis). Inferential statistics were used for showing the relationship between the study variables. From the findings of the study, it can be concluded that dynamism in social media innovativeness affects the implementation of social media strategies in devolved governments. This emanates from the fact that successful social media strategy is naturally challenged by constant changes in global use trends of emergent social media platforms. In addition, the emergency of new forms of social media came into place and constant changes in the technological landscape means that new social media are competing for space over the internet and that this makes it hard for the organization to plans for the use of social media successfully.  Further, the use of social media as a communication tool is challenged by the dynamism of the technological backbone it relies on.  It can also be concluded that competition for resources affects the implementation of social media strategies in devolved governments.  As such, it is evident that the use of social networking is challenged by lack of enough resources such as power failures, poor connectivity, and high cost of accessing the internet as well as lack of the right personnel, lack of the right equipment and lack of enough budgetary allocations. Communication policy was also seen to be a major factor affecting the implementation of social media strategies in devolved governments. It was thus clear that the absence of the enabling legal and policy environment may thwart the use of social media platforms in the government. As such, the level to which the implementation of social media strategies would succeed was depended on an enabling communication policy. The level of ICT Literacy influenced the implementation of social media strategies in devolved governments. This literacy was dependent on efforts to enhance literacy on how to use social media; provision of ICT skills in schools and the level to which the government promoted the use of social media in government processes since employees could learn on the job. Based on the study findings, it is vital to have follow up studies on the same subject in other counties in Kenya for comparative purposes. It is necessarily to undertake in-depth studies using mixed research methods so as to unearth more information on the study subject. Lastly, studies that attempt to develop a model for the implementation of social media strategies in public institutions based on the findings of this study as well as other similar studies would benefit academia immensely.

Keywords: Nairobi City County, Competitive edge, media strategies.

Title: Determinants of the Implementation of Social Media Strategies in Devolved Governments: A Case of Nairobi City County

Author: Brian Mairura Mung’ei, Dr. Kepha Ombui, Dr. Mike Iravo

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: Cooperative societies strive to perform well in order to grow and increase their value. However, many of these organizations societies in Kenya are yet to achieve their potential due to management and financial difficulties. Furthermore, they have not been able to serve their members as expected and their contribution to economic growth has been limited. Therefore, it was necessary to carry out a study on the determinants of financial performance of agricultural cooperative societies in Baringo County. The study was guided by cost of finance, internal control practices, risk management and social capital as independent variables and financial performance as dependent variable. Theories that relates to the study such as; Cost of capital theory, Merton risk model, Reliability theory and Social capital theory were reviewed. Target population of the study was all accountants and managers of cooperative societies in Kenya. Accessible population for the study was 19 accountants and 19 managers of agricultural cooperative societies in Baringo County, Kenya. Descriptive survey design was employed, involving all 38 respondents with questionnaires as the data collection instruments. A preliminary study was undertaken from 5 accountants and 5 managers of 5 cooperative societies in Nakuru County to determine the reliability and validity of the questionnaires. Data was processed and analyzed by descriptive and inferential analysis with aid of statistical packages for social sciences (SPSS) version 23. Findings were presented by statistical tables. The findings of the study indicated that cost of finance, internal control practices, risk management and social capital influences financial performance of agricultural cooperative societies. It was found that the level of interest rates as elements of costs of finance affected performance. There was positive relationship between risk management and financial management. A strong degree of association was portrayed between cost of finance, internal control practices, risk management and social capital and financial performance. Therefore, it was concluded that proper risk management practices could enable the cooperatives to reduce chances of losses thus improving returns from their operations. The study recommended for establishment of effective organizational financial policies to govern the costs of finance.

Keywords: Financial Performance, Agricultural Cooperative Societies, Cost of Finance, Internal Control Practices, Risk Management, Social Capital.

Title: Determinants of Financial Performance of Agricultural Cooperative Societies in Baringo County, Kenya

Author: J. K. Kimetto, E.M. Kimani

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: Many projects in Rwanda tourism industry have been initiated but with inconsistent financial risk management practices, the projects cannot be moved to the next phase of self-sustainability forcing them to seek external support either from the government or the financier. This may not be forthcoming immediately hence collapse of many such projects and this study analyzed the effect of project financial risk management practices on sustainable tourism growth in Rwanda. The following objective was the basis of the study: to establish the effect of financial risks practices management on sustainable tourism growth in Rwanda. The target population comprised of 130 employees who were the senior managers and line managers and supervisors of Kigali Cultural Village Project- Rwanda Development Board (RDB). A sample size of 98 was drawn using Yaro Yamane (1967) formula. Stratified random sampling was employed to sample the survey respondents from the target population. Data was collected using structured questionnaires and document reviews whose reliability and validity were tested at an index of 0.70. The Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient was used to measure the reliability on a 5-point Likert Scale for multiple items obtained from a pilot survey while content validation of the questionnaire was done by supervisors from the University. Descriptive statistics like tables, frequencies and percentages and correlation as well as regression analysis were used besides content analysis to indicate the relationship between the project risk management practices and sustainable tourism growth. Regression analysis was used to investigate the statistical significant effect of project financial risk management practices and sustainable tourism growth. The findings indicated that improving project financial risk management practices would significantly improve on sustainable tourism growth. The study recommends that governments of developing countries should focus on project financial risk management policies to promote sustainable tourism as a potential source of economic growth.

Keywords: Project Financial Risk Management Practices, Tourism Sustainability and Growth.

Title: Effect of Project Financial Risk Management Practices on Sustainable Tourism Growth in Rwanda: An Empirical Investigation of Kigali Cultural Village Project

Author: Sebastian Ongango Odunga, Jaya Shukla, Eugene Ndabaga

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: The objective of the study was to examine the influence of public participation on budget implementation by Kenyan city counties. The study was based on resource-based theory and stakeholder theory of management.. In addition, the study relied on an ex-post-facto descriptive research design with a survey method to determine the relationships between the dependent and independent variables. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data which was then cleaned, coded and scrutinized thoroughly for completeness. Secondary data was also obtained from the County Integrated Development Plans and financial reports for each of the studied city counties. The researcher collected primary data from the treasuries, directorates of economic planning, budget offices, IFMIS departments and sectoral departments of Nairobi city county, Mombasa city county and Kisumu city county respectively. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 24. Statistical measures such as means, percentages and standard deviation were used to interpret the data. The researcher also performed both a linear regression analysis and a Spearman correlation analysis to show the relationships between the study variables and the findings presented in tables. The study revealed strong positive and statistically significant correlation between public participation with budget implementation indicating that budget implementation was significantly influenced by active public participation in the entire budget execution process. However, the study established the need for more members of the public to participate more actively in budget making and execution. The results of the study were considered pivotal to the national government, the legislature, national treasury, county governments and respective sectoral departments, the Commission for Revenue Allocation, the office of the controller of budget, the public, budget implementation oversight agencies and county chiefs as it highlights important correlates of effective budget execution.

Keywords: Public participation, Budget Implementation, Public Finance Management Reforms.

Title: Influence of Public Participation on Budget Implementation by Kenyan City Counties

Author: Geofrey Abwao Magani, Joseph Gichure

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: The General objective of this research was to assess the determinant of market performance of commercial banks in Kenya. The specific objectives of this project were to establish the effect of capital structure, bank size, loan structure and bank liquidity on market performance of commercial banks in Kenya. The study adopted secondary data analysis research design. The observations used dated from January the year 2012 to December 2015 and included48 monthly observations. The population composed of all the 42 commercial banks in Kenya. The data was obtained from Kenya National Bureau of statistics, the central bank and audited financial statements of individual banks. Correlation and multiple regressions were employed as the analytical tools. The study had been driven by the absence of laborious studies that address the dynamics of the market performance in commercial banks in Kenya. The research was also motivated by the mixed results that various previous researchers got for the same types of the variables. The study was also helpful to other researchers as a source of reference and as a stepping stone for those who wanted to make further study on the area afterwards. The study findings established that size positively affects bank market performance. Capital structure had an inverse relationship with market performance of commercial banks while bank loan growth was negatively correlated with market performance. Moreover, the study established that liquidity is significantly and positively related with the market performances of commercial banks.

Keywords: Liquidity, Capital Adequacy, Bank size and Market capitalization.

Title: Determinant of Market Performance of Public Commercial Banks in Kenya

Author: ABDULLAH MOHAMED, DR. SAMSON NYANG’AU

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: The concept of diversification has taken a universal centre stage in the process of management and continues to be an increasingly important aspect of doing business in the world of today. The relationship between diversification and firm performance has formed the subject of many researches but many researchers have disagreed on the nature of the relationship between diversification and performance. Because of the contradictory results concerning the relationship between diversification and performance, the question of whether diversification improves or worsens firm performance is still worthy of further research such as the one being undertaken in this study. In addition, despite the existence of these studies, very little attention has been given to the developing countries. Besides, the impact of diversification on firm performance has not received adequate research attention in Kenya. The study will examine the Impact of portfolio diversification on financial performance of investment firms listed in the NSE in Kenya. The study will take an explanatory non experimental research design. The target population for the study will be the investment firms listed in the NSE.

Keywords: diversification, performance, Nairobi Securities Exchange.

Title: The Impact of Portfolio Diversification on Financial Performance of Investment Firms Listed In Nairobi Securities Exchange, Kenya: Empirical Review

Author: Musembi Michael Makau, Dr. Jagongo Ambrose

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: The study seek to analyzing factors influencing uptake of financial credit by Kenya youths of Bomet County. Specific objectives are; to establish the influence of credit terms on the uptake of financial credit by youth of Bomet County, to determine the extent to which awareness of credit facilities influences uptake of financial credit by Bomet youth and to find out the influence of entrepreneurial skills in financial credit uptake by youths of Bomet County. The study targeted a total of 350 youth entrepreneurs who are currently licensed or registered to operate different business ventures in Bomet County to all the youth in Bomet County aged between 18 and 35 years numbering to 350. Using stratified sampling technique, the sample size that was used is 254 and was drawn from all the five sub counties in Bomet County namely Bomet Central, Bomet East, Chepalungu, Konoin and Sotik. Primary data was collected using structured questionnaires based on the research questions administered by the researcher. The study adopted descriptive research design. Data was analyzed by use of quantitative methods. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze data including frequencies and percentages and results were displayed in tables. Inferential statistics, correlation and regression analysis was also be used.The regression results of the study revealed that, holding other variables constant, the credit terms, the business and entrepreneurial skills and the awareness of the youths account for 82.3% of the variability in the amount of credits taken by the youths. Also, the regression model developed illustrates clearly that, the credit terms attached to the loans has an inverse relationship with the youth’s credit uptake. The findings of this study will also create awareness to policy makers on the factors that need to be looked into to ensure youth are more effective in contributing to Gross domestic product of the country. Researchers will find the study useful as it will give highlights for further research and also contribute to new knowledge. This study will facilitate individual researchers to identify gaps in the current research work and carry out research in those areas.

Keywords: Determinants, Financial Credit, Youth.

Title: Determinants Influencing Uptake of Financial Credit by Kenyan Youth: A Case Study of Bomet County

Author: Cheruiyot Willy Kiprotich, Dr. Kepha Ombui

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: Pension fund is a pool of resources contributed by the employees with the aim of having enough resources to cater for their needs after retirement. Therefore, pension fund needs to be invested to meet the aim of the contributors. However, the financial performance of pension funds in Kenya seems wanting thus raising doubts whether they can be able to achieve their primary objective. The pension should provide an adequate replacement income for the remaining life of the member or partner and remove the risk that the member outlives the resources. The poor performance of pension schemes jeopardizes this role, and hence the retired people may not be able to have a high degree of retirement income security. Due to the poor performance of pension schemes in Kenya, it was necessary to conduct a study to establish the determinants of this poor performance. It is in this line that the current study sought to analyze the determinants of financial performance on pension schemes in Kenya. The study specifically determined the effect of access to capital, the impact of firm size, retained earnings and leverage on the financial performance of Pension schemes in Kenya. The theoretical foundations of the study are the modern portfolio theory (MPT), finance theory and liquidity theory. A descriptive research design was used for the study. The target population for this study was all the registered occupational pension schemes in Kenya which according to the Retirement Benefits Authority report are 818 by the end of the year 2016. Random sampling method was used to come up with the sample size since the population was heterogeneous. The sample size for the study was 261 occupational retirement benefits schemes registered under the Revenue. The study used secondary data. Correlation analysis was used to establish the association between the study variables. A regression model was used to establish the relationship between the study variables. A multiple linear regression models was used to test the significance of the determinants of financial performance on pension schemes in Kenya.

Keywords: Collateral, Credit Guarantee Scheme, Contribution density, Financial Performance, Pension Fund.

Title: Determinants of Financial Performance on Pension Schemes: A Case of Kenya Retirement Benefits Authority

Author: Faustin Okhalo Were, Prof. Mike AmuhayaIravo, Muchelule Yusuf Wanjala

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: The Kenyan government and international organizations have continued to invest in the implementation of water development projects to assist the rural communities to alleviate the problem of water scarcity. The performance of these projects is the major problem as they are not successful and falling out of use at an alarming rate. To invest in the implementation of water development projects more effective and worth, success rates of these projects should be increased. The Study, therefore, examined the stakeholder’s management factors in the effective implementation of water projects in Kiambu County by focusing on four specific objectives: stakeholder policy factors, beneficiary factors, contractor factors and consultant factors. The study was guided specifically by the following four theories: Stakeholders participation theory, the complexity theory, constraints theory and project management competency theory. The unit of observation was Project managers, assistant project managers and the project supervisors of 40 water projects and the unit of analysis was 40 water projects implemented in Kiambu County for the last four years. The study adopted a census survey design with the respect of the unit of analysis which is the 40 water projects that have been implemented in Kiambu County for the last four years. A census was conducted since only 40 projects were studied and a census is applicable when the entire population is small. Data was collected through the use of semi-structured questionnaires which were administered to the project manager’s, assistant project managers and project supervisors and analyzed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 23. A pilot study was conducted to pretest the validity and reliability of data collection instruments. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected. Analysis of data was done using descriptive and inferential statistics. The relative importance index method was used to determine the relative importance of the various factors that influence effective implementation of water project according to the responses. The Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was used to show the degree of agreement between the rankings of any two parties. The analyzed results were presented using tables and qualitatively.

Keywords:  Beneficiary Factors, Consultant factors, Contractor Factors, Project Implementation, Stakeholders, Stakeholders Management.

Title: Factors Influencing Stakeholders Management in Effective Implementation of Water Projects in Kiambu County, Kenya

Author: Mureithi Ndugo Muhiai, Yusuf Muchelule Wanjala, Prof. Mike Amuhaya Iravo

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: Strategic planning may sound similar to the business planning process, but differs in fundamental ways. The overall objective of this study was to analyze the implementation of the strategic plan in Public Sector taking a case of the ministry of lands in Kenya. The study delved the organization structure, organization culture, top management commitment to the management and communication as the key determinants of implementation. The study was based on organizational culture theory, communication theory, stakeholder theory and institutional theory. The respondents of the study were senior managers, top managers, heads of departments and heads of sections. This research study adopted a descriptive survey approach on a targets population of 365 management staff in the ministry of lands headquarters in Nairobi. The sample size consisted of 110 management staff in the ministry. Primary data was gathered directly from respondents and for this study; a semi-structured questionnaire was utilized. Secondary data was also collected for this study. The study concludes that commitment of top management effects strategic plan implementation in Ministry of lands and physical planning in Kenya. The study further concludes that Ministry of lands and physical planning in Kenya uses communication as a means of achieving strategic plan implementation. The study also concludes that organizational culture has an effect on strategic plan implementation in the Ministry of lands and physical planning in Kenya. The study also concludes that organizational structure influences strategic plan implementation at Ministry of lands and physical planning in Kenya.

Keywords: Communication, Organizational Culture, Strategic Implementation, Organization structure, Top management commitment, Organization Practices, Strategic plans.

Title: Influence of Organization Practices on Strategic Plans Implementation in the Public Sector, a Case of Ministry of Lands and Physical Planning in Kenya

Author: Ismail Nahow Jelle, Dr. Lucy Kavindah, Dr. J.K. Kilika

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

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Abstract: There has been increased attention to the determinants and effects of migrant remittances to developing countries due to the substantial growth of the same over the years. Studies carried out in Kenya have established that remittance inflows lead to an increase to economic growth. However, there have been no studies done in Kenya to establish the factors that affect diaspora remittance inflows into Kenya. This study aimed to establish how the real interest rate, the inflation rate, the real exchange rate and the GDP per capita affect diaspora remittance inflows into Kenya. Data on the variables were obtained from the World Bank database. The study was for the period 1971-2016. The data was analysed using a multivariate regression model. The data was subjected to the ADF test to test for stationarity and the Johansen Cointegration test to test for cointegration. Once the data was established to have a long-run relationship, an ECM was done to check for the short-run dynamics of the variables as well as to establish the error correction term. An OLS estimation was then done to establish the long-run relationship between the variables. The study found that the inflation rate and the real interest rate had a negative and insignificant effect on remittance inflows in the short run. The real exchange rate had a positive and insignificant effect in the short-run. The GDP per capita had a positive and significant effect in the long run. The error correction term was found to be at 43.98%. In the long run, all the variables had a positive effect on remittance inflows but the GDP per capita was the only variable that was significant. The study recommended the GOK to do away with the interest rate cap, keep pursuing high economic growth as well as work with the private sector to increase innovation that would enable money to be remitted into Kenya fast, reliably and cheaply.

Keywords: Real Interest Rate, Inflation Rate, Real Exchange Rate, GDP per Capita, Remittances.

Title: Effect of Macroeconomic Factors on Remittance Inflows into Kenya

Author: Daniel Kalya Kiptiony

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

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Abstract: The following research paper reviews the practice of operations research techniques in the financial market. The main problems faced in a financial market are individually identified and the ways OR techniques creates solutions for each issues are highlighted. OR techniques formulate such problems into mathematical problems and provide feasible solutions. Financial problems are numerical in nature with set objectives, having clear relationships between variables, thus it is appropriate for the application of OR techniques. With time OR has started playing a crucial role in the operations of the financial markets. This study will focus on various techniques like Monte Carlo Simulation, Decision trees, Game theory, Quadratic Programming Problem, Linear Goal Programming, Arbitrage Theory and many more techniques. Through the following research the increasing importance of these techniques in the financial market will be highlighted.

Keywords: operation research techniques, financial problems, mathematical problems.

Title: Role of Operations Research Techniques in Financial Market

Author: Shimoni Agarwal, Serena Bharati, Shresht Garg, Shreyan Goyel, Shrey Khurana

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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