Vol 6 Issue 2 October 2018-March 2019

Abstract: Financial distress is detrimental to big organizations and the small organizations alike. It leads to bankruptcy of firms which systematically affects both macro and micro economic fortunes of a country’s economy. Since independence, Kenya has witnessed numerous cases of financial distress among listed firms as evidenced by some firms undertaking financial restructuring and reorganization while others being placed under receivership and subsequently delisted. Firms listed at the NSE should ensure they meet certain minimum operating criteria so as to guarantee investors confidence but despite all these regulations in place it’s disturbing that these firms struggle to operate. This situation does not only lead to loss of investor’s wealth but also erodes confidence in the capital market. This study aimed at establishing the influence of financial leverage on financial distress in the context of listed firms where despite there being strict compliance and regulation rules and the reporting frameworks in place firms still struggled to operate and were faced with financial distress challenges. The specific objective of the study was to show the influence of financial leverage on financial distress of listed firms at the NSE. A descriptive survey design was adopted and the target population for the study was 65 listed firms and a census was conducted for all the listed firms. Document analysis sheet was used to collect secondary data. Data was analysed using SPSS and multiple regression showed Financial leverage (β=5.002, p- value=.031) significantly influence financial distress of listed firms at the NSE. The study concluded that financial leverage has a significant influence on financial distress and thus firms should strive to adopt moderate thresholds that will ensure payment of obligations while also ensuring maximum returns on investment. The study recommends that firms should strive to maintain an optimal debt level that will lower the cost of borrowing such that the earnings generated by debt financing are not exhausted by fixed charge payments such as interest. The regulatory authority should continuously play their vigilance roles so as to ensure investors wealth is safeguarded so as to enhance confidence in the capital markets authority.

Keywords: Failure, Financial Distress, Financial Leverage.

Title: Influence of Financial Leverage on Financial Distress among Listed Firms at the Nairobi Securities Exchange, Kenya

Author: Wesa Washipobe Esau, Dr. Otinga Nangabo Hesbon

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

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Abstract: The biggest concern about the role of the company in serving the community is by increasing the sensitivity and concern for the environment and ethical issues. Corporate social responsibility in the form of environment, community, and stakeholders are some efforts to build customer relationships at Holiday Inn Benoa Bali Hotel. The purpose of this study is to explain the effect of corporate social responsibility (environment, community, and stakeholders) on consumer preferences, and test the quality of the brand as its mediation. Direct impact test results found that environmental responsibility, community responsibility, and stakeholder responsibility have a positive and significant impact on consumer preferences. Other results also have community and stakeholder responsibility positively affecting brand quality, but environmental responsibility is found to have no effect on brand quality. The quality of brand also has a positive and significant impact on consumer preferences. The results of mediation tests indicate that brand quality only mediates the relationship between stakeholder responsibilities to consumer preferences, but not on the relationship between environmental and community responsibility to consumer preferences.

Keywords: Social responsibility, brand quality, consumer preferences.

Title: THE ROLE OF BRAND QUALITY IN MEDIATING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND CONSUMER PREFERENCE

Author: Enrique Made Reidia Gana Purwa, I Gusti Ayu Ketut Giantari

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

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Abstract: Evaluation of Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) of a new application is the primary focus of this paper. In acquiring new applications, an organization can choose the most appropriate choice from several that are available. Each choice comes with its unique TCO. The options discussed in this paper include Service (SaaS), Proprietary and Open Source solutions. Various requirements may influence the management to acquire a new application. These factors play a vital role in determining the cost of ownership of the software solution.  Calculating TCO involves analyzing various componential costs. The two principal categories are direct and indirect costs. After examining the critical cost divisions involved in TCO calculation, the paper culminates in identifying the stages in the computation process, the users, and applications of TCO.

Keywords: Total Cost of Ownership (TCO), software solution, application, direct and indirect costs. formula for Calculating TCO, Return on Investment (ROI).

Title: Estimating Total Cost of Ownership

Author: Maan Shami, Adel Marghalani

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

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Abstract: Among the four factors of production lies labor. It is one of the key determinants of any production process. Therefore understanding its in-depth formation (social and economic) helps establishments get the best out of it. Work life balance can be explained as the division of one’s time and focus between working and family or leisure activities. It is therefore important to understand the value of work life balance and its effects on employee productivity. The background of the study talks about the leave programs which are: annual, sick, maternity and study leave. Further on, the empirical review of the relationship between leave programs and employee productivity is discussed. The social exchanged is then discussed is the consequent section. The methodology used in the study is outlined and the results analyzed using the descriptive statistical data analysis. Inferential statistical analysis is explained in the following sector to show the relationship between leave program and employee productivity; and work life balance and employee productivity. Last but not least, the summary of the findings is stated.

Keywords: leave programs, productivity, county government.

Title: WORK LIFE BALANCE PRACTICES AND EMPLOYEE PRODUCTIVITY IN VIHIGA COUNTY GOVERNMENT, KENYA

Author: Dr. Robert K. Egessa, Dr. Shitseswa E. Ayub, Pouline M. Imali

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Abstract: Technical institutions play a vital role in enhancing economic growth in a country. Despite this contribution, they experience insufficient funding, poor infrastructure and low student enrolment. This is attributed to lack of awareness on the important role they play in economic activities. Previous studies on the effect of strategic management on firm performance have mostly focused on profit making organizations without realizing the importance nonprofit making organizations play in an economy. Therefore little is known on how strategic management practices affect performance of technical institutions in Kenya. This study therefore investigated the effects of organizational planning practices on performance of technical training institutions in Western Kenya. The study targeted 8 technical institutions in Western Kenya out of which 172 employees were taken by use of census method. The study adopted correlational research design and used questionnaires as the instruments for data collection. The study was a census study since key informants were chosen from each technical institution to provide information required for the study.

Keywords: organizational planning, performance, technical institutions.

Title: ORGANIZATIONAL PLANNING AND PERFORMANCE OF TECHNICAL INSTITUTIONS IN WESTERN KENYA

Author: Bernadette N. Canute, Mr. Evans Kwendo, Dr. Willis Otuya

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

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Abstract: Globally, Organizations apply various competitive strategies to ensure their survival in turbulent environment and enhance their performance at same time to enable them acquire a competitive advantage over the others. The case is not different for emerging economies, specifically in the sugar industry where firms struggle to survive in the environment full of competing sugar firms. Using a sample size of 140 respondents, the study sought to determine the effect of unrestricted sourcing of sugarcane on the competitiveness of sugar manufacturing firms in Kakamega and Bungoma Counties of Western Kenya. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. The target population comprised of 697 supervisory employees from the sugar manufacturing firms in Kakamega and Bungoma counties of Western Kenya.

Keywords: unrestricted sourcing, competitiveness, reforms, sugar sector.

Title: Effect of Unrestricted Sourcing of Sugarcane on the Competitiveness of Sugar Manufacturing Firms

Author: Eliud Munyovi Madioli, Dr. Willis Otuya, Mr. Fredrick Njehu Kiongera

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Abstract: Projects are generally undertaken because they are part of the plans to meet organizational needs and charter to new levels of performance; therefore, project success requires an effective quality management process. The general objective of this study was to analyze the influence of quality management process on success of agribusiness projects in Rwanda by taking into consideration the case of Post-Harvest and Agribusiness Support project in Southern province of Rwanda. The researcher adopted descriptive research design where quantitative methods of data collection and analysis were used. The study population included the project staff and beneficiaries of the Post-Harvest and Agribusiness Support project in Southern province of Rwanda which is equal to 1184 people and 8 project staff. The study used a sample size of 120 respondents. Since data were collected from the questionnaires, the researcher scrutinized the completed research instruments to identify and minimize errors, incompleteness and gaps in the information obtained from the respondents. Having the cleaned data, the Statistical Package for Social Sciences software was used to analyze data where independent and dependent variables were grouped to determine if there is a relationship between them (correlation). Based on the information drawn from findings the researcher concluded that the influence of quality planning process on success of Post-Harvest and Agribusiness Support project is significant. It was found out that the project could not succeed without a clear quality plan, the increase of one unit in quality planning influences the project success by .975 which prove a significant relationship between quality planning process and success project. This study demonstrated that there is a significant relationship between quality assurance process and success of Post-Harvest and Agribusiness Support project. It showed that the increase of one unit in quality assurance would increase the success of Post-Harvest and Agribusiness Support project by .693 units if other variables remain constant. Moreover the study concluded that quality assurance is a very important factor to the project success. The study demonstrated that there is a significant relationship between quality control process and success of Post-Harvest and Agribusiness Support project. If the researcher considers the level of significance which is 0.09, there is therefore a significant relationship between them because their p-value (0.000) is statistically significant at 9% level of significance. The researcher recommends that project managers must put in place the quality management plans that serve as quality guidelines to ensure project success. Project managers and their project staff have improve their ways and methods of quality auditing and improve quality audit strategies so as to keep their projects on track and on expected quality.  Given the fact that quality control is a very important factor for project success, the issues of identification of quality non-compliance and its effects, suggesting corrective and preventive actions, recommending quality improvement, validating procedure for fault elimination, reviewing the results of corrective actions and producing quality control reports should be taken with seriousness by all project actors especially by the quality control department.

Keywords: Quality, Quality Management Process, Success of Agribusiness Project.

Title: INFLUENCE OF QUALITY MANAGEMENT PROCESS ON SUCCESS OF AGRIBUSINESS PROJECTS IN RWANDA: A CASE STUDY OF POST-HARVEST AND AGRIBUSINESS SUPPORT PROJECT (PASP)

Author: ANNA UWANZIGA, Dr Patrick Mulyungi

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Abstract: The study aimed at establishing the relationship between learning culture and performance of small and medium enterprises. The study utilized a descriptive research design with the target population being technical and permanent employees of HP Enterprises Ltd and Infotech Africa Ltd in Nairobi. Both quantitative and qualitative primary data was collected using a questionnaire. Both descriptive and inferential analysis was conducted and findings were presented in form of distribution tables, graphs and pie charts. The study concluded that organizational learning greatly influence performance of firms in the IT industry in Kenya hence should embraced by all firms for better performance. The study recommended that the government in collaboration with other authorities should adequately support SMEs in the IT industry by prioritizing activities and formulation of effective policies and programs that embrace organizational learning in small and medium enterprises.

Keywords: Training and Development, Customer Satisfaction.

Title: LEARNING CULTURE ON PERFORMANCE OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTREPRISES IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INDUSTRY IN NAIROBI, KENYA

Author: Patrick Makana Mbakaya, Dr. Jedidah Muli

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Abstract: The study aimed at assessing the factors affecting success of independent power producers’ projects in Rwanda. Its specific objectives were to analyze the effect of planning factors on success of Mudasomwa Pico Hydropower Plant; to analyze the effect of stakeholder involvement on success of Mudasomwa Pico Hydropower Plant and to assess the effect of operational risk management on success of Mudasomwa Pico Hydropower Plant. The study adopted a descriptive survey. The target population of the study equaled to 54 respondents. Since the target population of this study was quite small in number; the researcher preferred to adopt a census whereby all 54 targeted respondents were considered as the sample size. The primary data for this study were collected using questionnaires. Questionnaires were designed by the researcher and distributed to the respondents by the researcher herself. Before analyzing data; errors were first identified and eliminated as soon as possible in order to enable the researcher to cross-examine the relationship between the questions and the corresponding responses so as to ensure accuracy, consistency, and uniformity. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze data after being processed by Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). The study findings showed that 57.4% of all respondents agreed that during the planning process of Mudasomwa Pico Hydro Power Plant; the cost of activities have been well estimated, 63 % of all respondents agreed that that during the planning process of Mudasomwa Pico Hydro Power Plant activities have been well scheduled, 68.5% of all respondents agreed that during the planning process of Mudasomwa Pico Hydro Power Plant all needed resources have been identified, 79.6% of all respondents agreed that in Mudasomwa Pico Hydro Power Plant stakeholders are involved in project implementation, 16.7% of all respondents strongly agreed that in Mudasomwa Pico Hydro Power Plant stakeholders are involved in project implementation. The findings further revealed that 66.7% of all respondents agreed that in Mudasomwa Pico Hydro Power all stakeholders are involved in decision making, 20.4% of all respondents strongly agreed that in Mudasomwa Pico Hydro Power all stakeholders are involved in decision making. The researcher concluded a strong and significant relationship between planning factors and success of independent power producers’ project in Rwanda, the researcher also concluded a significant relationship between stakeholder involvement factors and success of independent power producers’ projects, lastly the researcher concluded a strong and significant relation between risk management factors and success of independent producers’ project in Rwanda. The study recommends that the managers and funders of independent power producers’ project should put much emphasis in planning so as to ensure that project costs are well estimated and the project scope is well defined, the researcher recommends the project management team to involve the stakeholders in needs identification so as to ensure that they are implementing the projects that are relevant to stakeholders especially beneficiaries, the researcher further recommends that all stakeholders should be involved in the project implementation so as to keep the project on track, on time, on budget and on scope and the project implementation team should always adopt serious measures to manage risks so that they become aware of all sources of risks that may hinder the project success.

Keywords: Planning factors, Stakeholder involvement factors, Operational risk management, Success of independent power producers’ projects.

Title: A STUDY ON FACTORS AFFECTING SUCCESS OF INDEPENDENT POWER PRODUCERS’ PROJECTS IN RWANDA: A CASE OF MUDASOMWA PICO HYDROPOWER PLANT

Author: PASIKA Peace For Glee, Dr. Patrick Mulyungi

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

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Abstract: In Rwanda, as reported by Rwanda Public Procurement Authority in public institutions; suppliers are in most cases conventionally selected on the basis of low price and less importance is given to the suppliers who give assurance of on time delivery and long term relationships. The question arises in this case as to what criteria the government institutions especially ministries should use in selecting their suppliers for better procurement performance. Supplier evaluation is arguably one of the popularly used approaches of ensuring the right suppliers are awarded contracts and that’s the reason why this study focused on the effect of supplier evaluation on procurement performance in government ministries in Rwanda by taking the ministry of defense as case study. The general objective of this study was to analyze the effect of supplier evaluation on procurement performance in the government ministries in Rwanda. The target population for this study equaled to forty respondents including suppliers and procurement staff of the ministry of defense of Rwanda. The researcher collected first hand data using questionnaire and interview. It was concluded that supplier’s financial capacity has a positive and significant effect on procurement performance of ministry of defense. Suppliers’ financial capacity directly influences their ability to supply the right quantity with the right quality at the right price. Supplier quality commitment has significant effect on procurement performance of ministry of defense of Rwanda. Suppliers’ level of quality commitment directly determines the level of quality in products and services obtained through procurement activities; product quality is just an aspect of procurement performance. The study concluded that supplier’s competence has a significant effect on procurement performance of the ministry of defense. Supplier competence determines the understanding and satisfaction of buyer’s needs that is measured in terms of efficiency and effectiveness of the procurement practices. The study recommends that supplier evaluation should be done by experts who are knowledgeable and have expertise to conduct the exercise professionally. This is because supplier selection and evaluation is a process vulnerable to personal and political interference especially in the public sector. Quality commitment must be considered as a critical factor in supplier evaluation and supplier selection. The researcher recommends that supplier competence should be considered when awarding supply contracts. It should form the basis of awarding contracts. This is because the level of suppliers’ competence determines the suppliers’ ability to understand user needs and enhances their ability to satisfy supply needs of the procuring organizations.

Keywords: Supplier, Supplier Evaluation, Procurement Performance.

Title: EFFECT OF SUPPLIER EVALUATION ON PROCUREMENT PERFORMANCE IN GOVERNMENT MINISTRIES OF RWANDA: A CASE OF MINISTRY OF DEFENCE

Author: Laurent Kabutura, Dr. Patrick Mulyungi, Dr. Noor Ismaël

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

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Abstract: The Project Management Body of Knowledge defined stakeholder as an individual, group, or organization who may affect, be affected by, or perceive itself to be affected positively or negatively by a decision, activity, or outcome of a project. Referred to the financial and success reports of Gisenyi Youth New Vision (2014), the project used around twenty millions of United States dollars to finance its projects in Rubavu district. However, despite the huge amount of money used, its projects’ success has not been very successful in its past twelve years of activities and one of the reasons given by project’s consultants and evaluators, is poor engagement of stakeholders specifically the stakeholders of the project whereby they have not been involved in project planning, implementation, in decision making and in evaluations. This study sought to assess the effect of stakeholder engagement on project success in Rwanda and considered Gisenyi Youth New Vision Project as the case study. The study specifically intended to examine the effect of stakeholder engagement in planning process on success of Gisenyi Youth New Vision Project, to assess the effect of stakeholder engagement in execution on success of Gisenyi Youth New Vision Project and to analyze the effect of stakeholder engagement in decision making on success of Gisenyi Youth New Vision Project. The study used descriptive survey design.  The target population in this study to 43 respondents including project staff and representatives of stakeholders of the Gisenyi Youth Vision Project.  Data for this study were analyzed quantitatively using percentages, frequencies and multiple linear regressions. The findings revealed that 51.2 % of respondents strongly agreed that Gisenyi Youth New Vision Project engages its stakeholders in determining the project scope, 46.5 % of respondents agreed that Gisenyi Youth New Vision Project engages its stakeholders in determining the project scope. The findings demonstrated that 55.8% of respondents agreed that Gisenyi Youth New Vision Project engage its stakeholders in determining the project requirements, the findings demonstrated that 46.5% of respondents agreed that Gisenyi Youth New Vision Project engage its stakeholders in adjustment of project plans,  the findings further revealed that 60.5% of respondents agreed that Gisenyi Youth New Vision Project accommodates the suggestions of its stakeholders, 69.7% of respondents strongly agreed that Gisenyi Youth New Vision Project collects evidence from stakeholders. The researcher concluded a strong and positive relationship between stakeholder engagement in planning process and success of Gisenyi Youth New Vision. The researcher further concluded that Gisenyi Youth New Vision Project engage its stakeholders in defining project management procedure as reported by the majority of respondents. The study also concluded a significant relationship between stakeholder engagement in project execution and success of Gisenyi Youth New Vision Project. The researcher recommends that project owners and managers to engage all project stakeholders in planning process since it has been proved to have a positive and strong effect on success of projects. The project implementing team should always engage the stakeholders in project execution so as to ensure that they are executing the right interventions in the right and safe environment. The project monitoring and evaluation team should also engage the project stakeholders in monitoring and evaluation of the project activities so as to keep the project on track, time and scope.

Keywords: Stakeholder, Stakeholder engagement, Project Success.

Title: EFFECT OF STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT ON PROJECT SUCCESS IN RWANDA: A CASE OF GISENYI YOUTH NEW VISION PROJECT

Author: Jackson Mugabo, Dr. Patrick Mulyungi

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

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Abstract: With the introduction of Islamic Banking in many countries, researches are being done in order to evaluate what various reasons are leading towards growth of Islamic banking across the globe. The following research paper is based on a similar thought but with a different perspective. The purpose of this study is to find out the approach of the people related to the factors that are influencing them for the adoption of Islamic Banking in Pakistan. Therefore, two methods were chosen in order to conduct this research, one being qualitative method and the other is quantitative method. A questionnaire was developed consisting of 26 questions to acknowledge people about Islamic Banking as well as gathering their reviews. This survey is carried out in Karachi; about 135 responses were received from the subsequent questionnaire. The analysis includes reliability analysis, factor analysis, regression analysis and T-Tests. The results have shown that people living in Karachi whether Muslims or non-Muslims all are being influenced by Islamic banking. The main factor is behavioral intention of people to use Islamic banking in future. However, it can be recommended that Islamic Banking must arrange for more and more awareness programs and other activities which will give its positive impact on the people.

Keywords: Islamic Banking (IB), Religion (R), Information about Islamic Banking (IIB), Social Influences (SI), Relative Advantage (RA), Behavioral Intention to Use (BI).

Title: FACTORS INFLUENCING CUSTOMERS TO OPT FOR ISLAMIC BANKING

Author: Bushra Feroz, Dr. Danish Ahmed Siddiqui

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Abstract: The study aimed at investigating how training and development influences customer satisfaction. The population of the study was 312 comprising of college management and heads of departments, Tutors, support staff and first and second year students who were selected using stratified sampling method. Data was collected using questionnaires and analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Training and development was revealed to have a positive and significant relationship on customer satisfaction. The study concluded that Machakos teachers training college carry out training programs in order to build the capacity of its workforce by enhancing necessary skills required by individual staff for better service delivery to its customers. The study recommends that the college should carry out programs in training and development to their staff so as to acquire knowledge in delivering quality services to its customers, scan the institutions environment so as to establish better training and development programs based on its customer needs.

Keywords: Training and Development, Customer Satisfaction.

Title: TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT ON CUSTOMER SATISFACTION IN MACHAKOS TEACHERS TRAINING COLLEGE, MACHAKOS COUNTY, KENYA

Author: Damaris Nzisa David, Mr. Shadrack Bett

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Abstract: The purpose of the study was to establish the extent to which technical capacity influences implementation of construction projects. The study utilized descriptive survey research design. The total number of the respondents was 443 employees involved in different construction projects within the County. Data was obtained from these respondents using questionnaires and analysed using descriptive analyses. Coefficient of correlation R was 0.913 an indication of strong positive correlation between the study variable. The study concludes that the variable positively influenced implementation due to the following; employees engaged in several construction projects possessed appropriate academic qualifications and work experience. The study recommends that Ministry of Public works, Roads, Housing and Energy of the Kajiado County Government ought to improve their technical capacity for increased project implementation. Employees hired ought to be well qualified to deal with implementation of projects.

Keywords: Project Implementation, Technical Capacity.

Title: TECHNICAL CAPACITY ON IMPLEMENTATION OF CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS IN KAJIADO COUNTY, KENYA

Author: Teresia Chepkosgei Kenduiywo, Dr Caleb Kirui

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Abstract: Both logistics and supply chain practices and the management issues that arise from them have become central in these organizations, from the realization of the role they play in the overall performance of the organizations. There has been lack of a clear organizational relationship between the different stakeholders, perhaps giving a roadmap of guidance on what each should observe. This has ultimately led to compromised service delivery by these organizations (Tysseland, 2009). All these are very significant issues that call for their study. The general objective of this study was to establish role of humanitarian logistics on supply chains performance in Non-Profit Organization in Kenya with reference to UNHCR. The study was guided by the following objectives: To establish the role of Information sharing on supply chain performance at UNHCR Kenya; To determine the role of organizational competent skills on supply chain performance at UNHCR Kenya; To establish the role of donor funding on supply chain performance at UNHCR Kenya. The study was a descriptive in nature, and utilized both qualitative and quantitative data. Theories relevant to this study included Social network theory, Resource based theory and Relief coordination theory. Which most of them was drawn from different disciplines such as industrial-organizational psychology and economics reflecting the interdisciplinary origin of supply chain management which all shown how the variables link up with the mentioned theories. The study therefore targeted a population of 400 UNHCR employees. The study used a simple random sampling to sample the population. A sample of 120 respondents was randomly picked from 400 respondents. The main tools of data collection for this study was questionnaires and interview. The researcher obtained an introductory letter from the University which was used in the field during data collection. Data collection procedure started by obtaining a permit from the ministry of education science and technology. The researcher personally visited the sampled areas to distribute the questionnaires and administer the interviews. Collected data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, utilizing the frequency distribution; percentages and averages.

Keywords: Donor Funding, Supply chain, Performance, UNHCR Kenya.

Title: ROLE OF DONOR FUNDING ON SUPPLY CHAIN PERFORMANCE AT UNHCR KENYA

Author: Ali Hassan Mohamed, Dr. Jane Omwenga

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

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