Vol 7 Issue 2 October 2019-March 2020

Abstract: This paper explores the problems facing entrepreneurs respectively business startups in Business. The survey method used was a questionnaire, which the respondents completed themselves. A Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) program was then used to examine and analyze the findings.  The problems for start-ups were during both pre-start-up and ongoing business activities. The main problems during pre-start-up were: lack of initial capital, too much local and national government bureaucracy, lack of pre start up training, getting the bank loan and corruption. Meanwhile, the key problems during ongoing business activities were: high bank interest rates, illegal competition, lack of cash, incorrect competition and disruption to electricity supply.

Keywords: Indian Startups, Challenges and Issues, Women Entrepreneurs, Entrepreneurs, Economic, Social Development.

Title: TO STUDY PROBLEM FACED BY NEWLY EMERGING ENTREPRENEUR AND FACTORS THAT MOTIVATE THEM IN RAISING FUND IN SURAT REGION

Author: Riya Desai, Vivek Ayre

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: The study reveals that the awareness about insurance is low. Insurance companies should reach out to those who are uneducated and the lower age group people, by awareness campaigns like radio and television advertisements. The insurance companies should concentrate more on improving their services. The real growth in life insurance will occur when customers realize the true value of life insurance beyond tax saving. The awareness of insurance as a long term saving should be created both by the government, among the uneducated, low income group and the households having more earning members.

Keywords: Insurance, Awareness, Rural Area.

Title: A STUDY ON INSURANCE AWARENESS IN RURAL AREA OF BARDOLI REGION

Author: Shivani Patel, Vivek Ayre

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: The need for secondary education financing has been growing steadily, particularly as a result of escalating poverty levels, a scenario that is worsened by devastating effects of HIV/AIDS at the household level. To mitigate the situation, the government initiated a bursary scheme to assist poor students acquire education. However, in efforts to improve quality of social services within the framework of decentralization, the government rolled out management of the bursary scheme to the 210 constituencies under the patronage of Members of Parliament in 2003. Although little has been documented about impact of the scheme under the new administrative arrangement, sentiments are rife that many students are unlikely to complete secondary education as the issue of fee shortage continues to intensify. This necessitates a comprehensive investigation to provide information that would stimulate policy action to strengthen the Constituency Bursary Fund (CBF) and make it more effective in meeting financial needs of learners. Based on this, the study sought to: -

1. Assess the attributes of needy students and how it affects completion of secondary education.
2. Determine the contribution of CBF on completion of secondary education.
3. Assess secondary education financing practices in Nairobi County.
4. Evaluate the management, effectiveness and accessibility of the CBF.

The study sourced requisite data from 308 students, 243 parents/guardians, 52 headteachers and deputy heads as well as 3 Quality Assurance and Standards Officers. The respondents were drawn using a combination of multi-stage, random and purposive sampling procedures. Parents/guardians were reached through the sampled students.  Quantitative data was analyzed using frequency distributions, cross tabulations with Chi square and binary logistic regression using SPSS and MS-Excel software packages. Qualitative data in form of experiences, opinions and suggestions, were analyzed using qualitative procedures and were used to strengthen quantitative findings. 

It was noted that completion of secondary education was associated with status of orphan hood, parent’s marital status, number of siblings, place of residence within Nairobi, parents’/guardians level of education and parents’/guardians’ occupation. Besides, the CBF only enhanced the likelihood of secondary education completion by marginal 5.4%. Although the family unit is the major financier of secondary education, the CBF played an important supplementary role. However, the potential of the CBF was undermined by various issues arising from inadequacy of funds, faulty selection of committee members, lack of important institutional linkages, delay of funds, corruption and high-handedness among others.

It is recommended that the bursary kitty and award guidelines be revised to reflect actual fee structures; that Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MoES&T) to take up its leadership role; Monitoring and Evaluation institutional frameworks be strengthened or established where they don’t exist; the CBF should open doors for stakeholders to get in; the CBF to spearhead resource mobilization to revamp the bursary kitty; need for professionals only to be admitted to the Constituency Bursary Committee (CBC); other members should be trained in essential skill areas; the CBCs to develop strategic plans with programme-specific visions, missions, strategic objectives and core values; need for comprehensive data base of needy students at the national and constituency levels; CBF should create interactive communication channels with the community;  need for effective record keeping at national and grass-root levels; economic empowerment for households, especially women; schools to initiate Income Generating Activities (IGAs) to supplement secondary education financing and that CBF should venture into post-secondary education financing.

Definition of Keywords:

• Access: Addresses the open-ended nature of education, which in this context is recognized as a basic right of every child, youth and adult, irrespective of gender and socio-economic status.
• Bursary scheme: Money provided by the MoES&T to assist needy and bright students attain secondary school education.
• Capital expenditure: The money spent to provide and improve physical and institutional facilities.
• Completion rates: The proportion of students who complete secondary school education.
• Cost-sharing: A policy of Structural Adjustment Programmes (SAPs) that was introduced in 1988 and emphasizes sharing of educational costs between the government, communities, parents, sponsors and the beneficiaries.
• Financing of education: The process of budgetary allocation, both public and private, on a rationalized basis to ensure equitable distribution.
• Needy student: Any student who is genuinely unable to pay school fees because of economic hardships.
• Poverty line: An abstract socio-economic divide between households that live on 1 US $ or less a day and the rest of the society.
• Public schools: Schools maintained or supported out of public financial resources.
• Recurrent expenditure: This is money spent on the daily running of schools, including expenditure on textbooks, stationery, examination fees, transport, salaries etc.
• Secondary education: Education offered to all those who graduate from the first tier in the education system.

Title: FINANCING SECONDARY EDUCATION IN KENYA THROUGH THE BURSARY SCHEME: ACCESSIBILITY AND IMPACT ON COMPLETION RATES IN NAIROBI PROVINCE

Author: SR.  SOPHIE BARAT, DR. PAUL A. ODUNDO

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: The study empirically examines the impact of tax revenue on economic performance of Nigeria. It considered the two major categories of taxes which are direct and indirect taxes, and the study focused on the various types of taxes collected by the federal, state and local governments. The secondary data – projected taxation values and tax revenue for the period 2001 to 2018 were obtained from the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin. The Ordinary Least Square (OLS) statistical technique was adopted in the analysis of the data using the simple regression model via the STATA 13.0 software.  The analyses were done in sections: descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, minimum and maximum values, normality test (skewness, kurtosis, and Jarque-Bera), ordinary least square regression estimates analysed and interpreted include regression coefficients, r-squared (R²), adjusted r-squared, f-test, and t-test). The study has depicted on general note that tax revenue has impacted positively on economic performance of Nigeria, though, two of the taxes, namely value added tax (VAT) and customs and excise duties (CED) have significant impact on gross domestic product but negative relationship, while company income tax (CIT) and petroleum profit tax (PPT) did not show significant impact but depicted positive correlation. The import of this revelation is that more attention needs to be paid on indirect taxes in order to make them have the desired positive impact on economic performance of Nigeria. Well-equipped database on tax payers should be established by Government at all levels with the aim of identifying all possible sources of income of tax payers for tax purpose, for a better tax administration, adequate machinery should be put in place and strengthened, the level of the deterrent punishment should also be made stricter and there should be continuous education for the citizens on the importance of tax payment and the problems attached to non- performance of their civil obligations.

Keywords: Tax Revenue, Economic Performance, tax administration, Nigeria.

Title: IMPACT OF TAX REVENUE ON ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF NIGERIA

Author: Eze Gbalam Peter, Emmanuel ATAGBORO

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: Induction programme is an initial interaction with the newly joined employees. The initial interaction and relationship the organisation develops with the new employees decides on the future accomplishment and responsibility. The induction programme should be planned systematically, methodically and meticulously to make the new recruits to fit in the organisation. The importance of well-planned induction programme helps in moulding the new entrants to the policies of the organisation. The induction programme is an ideal occasion for the manager to influence the candidates positively and to get maximum productivity. This paper scrutinize the effectiveness of induction programme in the selected hospital. A checklist was framed and data was collected from the induction feedback forms of that hospital in order to study the effectiveness on the induction programme. The expected outcome of this paper is the improvement in already existing programme and framing new techniques to increase the effectiveness. The findings are also expected to pave the way for future research work.

Keywords: Induction programme, New employees, Hospital, Orientation, Interaction.

Title: A STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF INDUCTION PROGRAMME AMONG    EMPLOYEES, IN ONE OF THE MULTISPECIALITY HOSPITAL IN HYDERABAD

Author: Dr.V.Uma, R. Tharani

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: During the last several decades of leadership research, a number of leadership styles have been tested by organizational leaders, a leader who is emotionally intelligent is not exceptional. An emotionally intelligent leader may try various approaches to lead and manage an organization with the help of an appropriate leadership style that helps to formulate strategy, adopt positive direction and motivation within organization. In the current study, an attempt is made to study the correlation of the emotional intelligence of the leaders on their authentic leadership style. The current study adopted a survey method to test the hypotheses. Emotional Intelligence was measured by a 25-item scale developed by Goleman's (1998). Authentic Leadership was measured by a 16-item scale developed by Avolio, Gardner, and Walumbwa (2007). The data was collected from a sample of 360 respondents from the organization of the Petroleum Industry. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 was used to assist with both quantitative and qualitative data analysis and maintain the transparency and credibility of the research. The results revealed the significant correlation between the emotional intelligence of the leaders on the authentic leadership style of the leaders in the Petroleum Industry.

Keywords: Authentic Leadership (AL), Emotional Intelligence (EI).

Title: Emotional Intelligence of the Leaders Correlate with Authentic Leadership Style of the Leaders: A Study of the Petroleum Industry

Author: Dr. Deepti D. Shinde

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: The aim of this paper is to examine the influence of job characteristics on employee turnover in the Insurance industry in Kenya. Job characteristics are the aspects that define the nature of duties and experiences that employees go through in their daily work. Through job characteristics, employees develop a sense of working in their normal duties and this is from where the workers’ attitude is built upon. The Insurance Industry in Kenya continues to face performance challenges with low penetration as compared to other industries as well as reduced profit margins. High employee turnover has been argued to be the key blockage to the companies’ ability to steer their penetration and performance hence the drive for this study. Descriptive research design was used in this study and the target population was the employees from the top five performing insurance companies in Kenya. Stratified random sampling was used to come up with 338 respondents as the sample size. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire. Hypothesis was tested using a regression model. The study established that job characteristics had significant and positive influence on employee turnover among insurance companies in Kenya. The study concluded that unfavourable job characteristics increased employee turnover and therefore recommended that the insurance companies ought to analyse the job characteristics and review them to provide a favourable ground and environment for employees to feel comfortable and enhance their retention.

Keywords: Job characteristics, employee turnover, insurance industry.

Title: JOB CHARACTERISTICS AND EMPLOYEE TURNOVER IN THE INSURANCE INDUSTRY IN KENYA

Author: Esther Nyandoya Azinga, Dr. Mary Kamaara, PhD, Dr. Kepha Ombui, PhD

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: Oil and Gas industry is one the mail industrial sectors in Libya, but it has some unique features associated with continuous struggles to survive based on the domestic security crisis in Libya. With these condition the possibility of financial reporting quality become questionable. However, studies in developed countries revealed that there are relations between corporate governance and audit quality in firms’ financial performance. Understanding the factors of improving firms’ performance in this important sector is important to provide an insight of how to develop this core sector. Therefore, this study is an exploration into the Libyan oil and gas companies to increase the knowledge regarding the firms’ financial performance and its antecedents. Two theories contribute to the model relation; agency theory and stewardship theory. Bothe the two theories integrated together to provide an explanation for the connection between managers, shareholders, delegation authority, and firms performance. The target population of this study includes oil and gas companies in Libya for the period from 2012 until 2019, which have 14 companies and the researcher can find and collect a reliable data from annual reports. The statistical tool is suitable for regression analysis method and particularly for this study; ordinary least squares (OLS) regression analysis is used. Results of this study show that CEO duality relation with return on assets (ROA) is not significant. However, the other three variables, boards independent, audit committee, and external audit have a significant relationship with ROA.

Keywords: Libya, Oil and Gas, Financial Performance, ROA, board independent, CEO duality, Audit Committee, external audit.

Title: Corporate Governance and Audit Management as Predictors for Return of Assets among Oil and Gas Companies in Libya

Author: Jameelah Ali Farhat Alshineeti, Aymen Faraj Musa Algabu, Tariq Salim Saed Ishmakah

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: This study purpose to examine the effect information technology use, internal control systems and process of the training system on the accounting information systems of Bank Pembangunan Daerah Bali, Renon Substation Office. The results from this study produce which using the information technology is able to affect the accounting information systems performance, internal control systems are able to affect of the accounting information system performance, and training systems are able to influence the accounting information systems performance. This study results to provide additional information about how the influence of using the information technology, internal control systems and system training on the accounting information systems performance.

Keywords: information Technology, internal control system, system training, accounting information system performance.

Title: THE EFFECTS OF USING THE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, INTERNAL CONTROL SYSTEMS AND TRAINING SYSTEMS ON THE ACCOUNTING INFORMATION SYSTEM PERFORMANCE

Author: Ida Ayu Manik, Ni Putu Sri Hartha Mimba

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: The paper focuses on the Balanced Score Card (BSC) approach in measuring performance. It examines the non-quantitative measure used in measuring the performance of organisations with particular reference to service oriented businesses. It advocates that service firms should actualise their objectives through a BSC approach with more emphasis on customers’ perspective, internal operational process perspective, and learning & growth perspective. Seemingly, competition is rife in every industry, as such for a firm to remain competitive in the service industry, adoption of the Balanced Score Card approach should be a priority. Focusing on financial measures alone (which showcase the past performance of a firm in financial terms) is considered not only inadequate but also insufficient to realise long term success. Thus, it highlights several measures of assessing a firm from different perspectives which are necessary for overall performance in the future. This approach bridges the current and the future. The paper concludes that the adoption of BSC approach would affect decision management systems in a firm by improving upon and changing the traditional information system to be more modern and adaptive, thus creating systems that can be more analytic and agile.

Keywords: Balanced Score Card, Decision Management System, Service Firms.

Title: The Balanced Score Card (BSC) approach to measuring performance in Service Firms in Nigeria: A Theoretical Perspective

Author: Lucky Izobo ENAKIRERHI, Idowu EFERAKEYA, Miebaka BIG-ALABO

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: The study investigated the influence of organisational politics on employee performance in public sector with particular reference to Lagos State Civil Service Commission. The study adopted the cross sectional survey method and uses the primary source of data collection.. Data were collected from 90 employees of Lagos State Civil Service Commission. Data was analyzed using Pearson Product Moment Correlation analysis at 0.05 level of significance. The results of the two hypotheses tested in the study confirmed that organisational politics significantly influence employees’ performance. The study therefore conclude that organisational politics is prevalent in public organisations and is caused by both individual and organisational factors which in turn exert significant effect on performance. Therefore, the study recommends that management in the public sector should actively focus on managing political behaviour that will affect employees’ performance and that they should pursue equal promotional opportunities for building loyalty and increase employees’ morale competency, to reward commitment, hard working and loyal employees among others,

Keywords: Organisational politics, public sector, employee performance, behaviour. Lagos State.

Title: RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERCEIVED ORGANISATIONAL POLITICS AND EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE AMONG STAFF OF LAGOS STATE CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION

Author: IBIRONKE, ADEKUNLE EMMANUEL, KOLAWOLE, IBUKUN OLORUNISOLA, PROF. FAPOHUNDA TINUKE MORADEKE

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: This paper  aims to  revisit  the  link  between  corporate  governance,  firm value, and firm performance  by  focusing  on  convergence,  understood  as  the  way that listed  firms are adopting best practice in terms of corporate governance and the implications of  this  adoption not only in regard to firm performance but also firm value.  A desktop review specifically, Systematic review was utilized. The study focused on listed firms both locally and internationally. We examine theoretical, conceptual and empirical review with an aim of unearthing nexus among these concepts from existing studies. We contribute to the empirical literature by using various studies to show how these concepts relate to each other. There is significant relationship between corporate governance and financial performance. Similarly, there is significant relationship between corporate governance and firm value. However, there were studies that examined nexus of firm value, financial performance and corporate governance. The study adds on the existing debate and widens stock of literature relating to roles of corporate governance in enhancing firm performance and maximizing firms’ value. It is substantially of essential policy makers, practitioners, to investors and other stakeholders who are interested with firm’s value in particular.

Keywords: Corporate Governance, Firm Performance, Firm Value, Listed Firms.

Title: CORPORATE GOVERNANCE, FIRM PERFORMANCE AND FIRM VALUE OF FIRMS LISTED IN NAIROBI STOCK EXCHANGE: A REVIEW OF EXISTING EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE

Author: Jastan Iminyi, Dr. Willis Otuya

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: The purpose of these study was to investigate influence of agricultural value chain finance on financial performance of Tea Factory under Kenya Tea Development Agency. The aim of a systematic review is to identify all empirical evidence that fits the pre-specified inclusion criteria to answer a particular research question or hypothesis. The study targeted all studies that focused on the influence of agricultural value chain financing on performance both locally and internationally. Empirical studies on agricultural value chain financing from 2000 to 2019 was considered. From the findings, only one of the study failed to indicate significant relationship between agricultural value chain financing and performance whereas other reviewed studies indicated that agricultural value chain financing has significant influence on financial performance. Nonetheless, none of the study focused on tea subsector implying that there is need for an empirical studies to investigate relationship between agricultural financing and financial performance of tea factory under Kenya Tea Development Agency. 

Keywords: Agricultural Value Chain Finance, Financial Performance, Value chain Finance.

Title: INFLUENCE OF VALUE CHAIN FINANCE ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF TEA FACTORY UNDER KENYA TEA DEVELOPMENT AGENCY, AN EMPIRICAL REVIEW

Author: Jensen Jamgun Iravonga, Dr. Willis Otuya

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: The purpose of these study was to assess the mediating role of regulatory capital on the relationship between economic capital and profitability of commercial banks in Kenya. The study adopted systematic review which entailed reviewing studies on profitability, asset liability management and regulatory capital. Empirical studies between 2000 and 2019 were considered. From the findings, majority of the reviewed studies indicated that asset liability management affects profitability of commercial banks and similar results were obtained between capital regulation and profitability.  The study also established that capital regulation has been successful used as moderating variable, however, the same has not been established as mediating variable between asset liability management and profitability. The study proposed a conceptual framework that would bring the mediating role of capital regulation on the relationship between asset liability management and profitability of commercial banks.

Keywords: Asset Liability Management, Commercial Banks, Economic Capital Modelling, Profitability.

Title: IMPACT OF ASSET LIABILITY MANAGEMENT AND ECONOMIC CAPITAL MODELLING ON THE PROFITABILITY OF KENYA COMMERCIAL BANKS: A REVIEW OF EXISTING EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE

Author: Edwin Ambetsa Amira, Dr. Willis Otuya

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: The number of taxpayers increases from year to year. But the increase in the number of taxpayers is not offset by the compliance of taxpayers in paying taxes. This study aims to determine the effect of tax knowledge, tax sanctions and subjective norms on individual taxpayer compliance at the Tabanan Pratama Tax Service. This research was conducted at Tabanan Pratama Tax Service. The number of samples taken was 100 taxpayers with accidental sampling technique. Data collection was carried out by distributing questionnaires. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that tax knowledge and subjective norms had a positive effect, while tax sanctions did not affect individual taxpayer compliance at the Tabanan Pratama Tax Service

Keywords: taxpayer compliance; subjective norms; taxation knowledge; tax sanctions.

Title: Effects of Taxation Knowledge, Tax Sanctions, and Subjective Norms on Personal Taxpayer Compliance

Author: Ida Bagus Krisna Aristana, I Made Pande Dwiana Putra

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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