Vol 4 Issue 1 April 2016-September 2016

Abstract: The Plastics are used in a growing range of applications which lead to huge amounts of plastic waste, which can have detrimental effects to humans and the environment. Recycling has helped to reduce plastic waste. This research intended to reveal the income gained by plastic waste collectors per day. The study used structured interviews and observations. A total number of 23 plastic waste collectors were interviewed. The results have shown that, most of the plastic waste collectors have primary education while majority has no any formal education. Further the results revealed the income varies due to season and the effort of the plastic waste collectors, during rain season, the large amount of money which can be gained by the plastic waste collectors per day is 3,000 Tsh (depicted by 43.5% of plastic waste collectors), and the small amount is 800 Tsh (depicted by 4.4% of plastic waste collectors) while for the season with no rain, the large amount of money which can be gained by the plastic waste collectors per day is 2,250 Tsh (depicted by 43.5% of plastic waste collectors), and the small amount is 600 Tsh (depicted by 4.4% of plastic waste collectors). Keywords: Solid Waste, Plastic Waste, Income Generation, Plastic Waste Collectors, Recycling. Title: The role of plastic waste in income generation for plastic waste collectors: A case study of Mbeya city, Tanzania Author: Francis Daudi Sinkamba International Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Technology ISSN 2348-7593 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Now days as we are moving towards the development, we have to improve our technology. One of the big step towards the technological improvement is in automotive sector. This is possible by creativity and innovation of young automobile enthusiasts. The National Go Kart Racing is the one of the way which provide the platform for doing innovations and showing creativity for students. The Go-kart, by definition, has no suspension and no differential. They are usually raced on scaled down tracks, but are sometimes driven as entertainment or as a hobby by non-professionals. [1] This paper deals with the Design and Analysis of Roll Cage for the Go Kart. In a Go Kart Student Car the roll cage is one of the main components. It form the structure or the main frame of the vehicle on which other parts like Engine, Steering, and Transmission are mounted. We have made the 3D model of Go Kart and Roll Cage in Catia-V5. Roll Cage comes under the sprung mass of the Vehicle. There are a lot of forces acting on vehicle in the running condition. These forces are responsible for causing crack initiation and deformation in the vehicle. Deformation results in Stress Generation in the Roll Cage. Hence it is important to find out these areas of maximum Stresses. In this paper an attempt is made to find out these areas by carrying out FEA of the Roll Cage. We have carried out Crash Analysis (Front and Side Impact), Torsional Analysis.. All these Analysis have been carried out in Hyper Works 11.0. The design procedure follows all the rules laid down by NKRC Rule Book for Go Kart Type Cars. [2] Keywords: Go Kart, Roll Cage, Material, Model, Catia-V5, Finite Element Analysis, Hyper works. Title: DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF GO KART CHASSIS Author: Mr.Virendra.S.Pattanshetti International Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Technology ISSN 2348-7593 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: In the present study or Experiment, pure aluminum alloy powder is mixed with 12% Silicon Carbide on weight basis to produce the MMC (metal matrix composite) material. The main objective of this paper and study is to investigate the effect of process parameters such as pulse on time(Ton), flushing pressure (Fp) and peak current (Ip) on tool wear rate (TWR), metal removing rate (MRR) and surface roughness (SR) during electrical discharge machining (EDM) of Al-SiC12% MMC .The experiment is done by Central composite design (CCD) method under different combination of process parameters .In this Experiment or paper RSM (Response surface methodology) is used to develop the mathematical model and to correlate the process parameters with the response. Also ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) technique is used to check the significance of the model and confirmation test is done to compare the predicted data with the Experimental data to identify the effectiveness of the given method. From the main effective plot or graph it is found that peak current is the most significant process parameter among the other parameter. Further the morphology study of the composite material is carried out by the FESEM (Field emission Scanning electron microscope) of the surface after machining to make a relation with the model. Keywords: Aluminum metal matrix composite (MMC), ANOVA, FESEM, RSM. Title: Fabrication of Al-SiC Metal Matrix Composite and Parametric Optimization on Electro Discharge Machine Author: Gyanendra Singh, Ajitanshu Mishra, Dilbag Singh International Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Technology ISSN 2348-7593 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: The objective of this work is to characterize the evolution of the microstructure of the ASTM A213 T91 steel, used in power plants of electricity generation, for high temperatures up to 650° C, to optimize the performances of the installations and to reduce the pollutant emissions. The high temperature and pressure inside the boilers promote the microstructural evolution of the martensitic matrix of the T91 by increasing the size of the precipitates by the time exposure. The growth of these precipitates is explained by the absorption of the matrix elements, which will constitue in long term a favorable site for the nucleation of the microcavities; that triggers the creep phenomenon. An experience has been conducted in the aim of understanding the evolution of the microstructure ofthe steel at a temperature of 550° C. So far, four samples were removed from the furnance for time intervals of: 0, 260, 760 and 1260 hours. Examination by scanning electron microscopy of the martensitic matrix shows a slight increase of the sizes of precipitated M23C6 and stability for MX precipitates. Keywords: Microstructure, T91 Steel, ASTM A213. Title: Impact of the Holding Time on the Micro structure of the T91 Steel at High Temperature Author: Chokri Boubahri, Seifallah Fetni, Jalel Briki International Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Technology ISSN 2348-7593 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: This project presents Various Thermal analysis in solar air dryer with Force convection and thermal storage to be done & the various parameters are considered such as Time, solar radiation, ambient temperature, Drying chamber temperatures, Moisture content, drying rates, Air mass flow, Collector efficiency, Heat storage rate, Heat release rate for thermal storage. The system consists of a flat plate solar air heater with heat storage unit, a drying chamber and a centrifugal blower. Drying experiments have been performed at an uniform air flow rate. Drying of agricultural crop or wood in a forced convection in solar drier reduces the moisture content. Keywords: Investigation on Solar, ambient temperature, moisture content. Title: Investigation on Solar Air Dryer by Using Forced Convection with Thermal Storage System Author: RM.Sivakumar International Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Technology ISSN 2348-7593 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Here we are going to discuss about the vibration and friction induced noise in automobiles. The diagnosis of this problem is also discussed below. The historic perspectives of the brake noise are seen here. Keywords: FRICATION NOISE, induced noise in automobiles, discussed below. Title: VIBRATION AND FRICTION NOISE Author: D.VIGNESH International Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Technology ISSN 2348-7593 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: A progressive die performs a number of operations like piercing, blanking, punching, etc in a single die at each workstation. At each stroke of press machine, finished part is obtained. This work deals with design of progressive tool having four workstations by using solidWorks 2013 for modeling the parts and 3dQuick press which is an add on software on soloidWorks2013. Tool involves blanking, piercing and bending operations. Keywords: progressive die, solidWorks 2013 3dQuick press, piercing, blanking, punching. Title: Design, Development and Analysis of Press Tool for an Industrial Part Author: Rupali Chavan, Navneet Patil International Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Technology ISSN 2348-7593 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: The use of Phase Change Materials as latent heat storage medium is an effective way of storing thermal energy. PCMs offer the advantages of having high energy storage density and its isothermal nature. PCMs have been widely used in latent heat thermal storage systems for heat pumps, solar systems and spacecraft applications. This Study is undertaken to investigate about the effectiveness of heat transfer using PCMs through storing solar energy for domestic water heating. The experimental setup consist of simultaneous functioning heat absorbing units. One is a solar water heater and the other is a heat storage unit consisting of phase change materials. The storage unit stores heat in PCM during the day and supplies hot water during night hours. This storage unit utilizes thermal storage tank filled with industrial granulated paraffin wax (PCMs) as the heat storage medium integrated with the solar collector to absorb energy. The setup compares the difference in the efficiency of the storage system without using PCMs and using PCMs and thereafter the graphical study of the entire setup is conducted. Keywords: Charging, Discharging, Latent heat storage, Paraffin wax, Phase change material, solar water heating. Title: EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF THERMAL STORAGE SYSTEMS USING PHASE CHANGE MATERIALS Author: Ajesh Vijayan, Dr.J.Hussain International Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Technology ISSN 2348-7593 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: The heat transfer behavior of phase change materials during a charging process by solar heating has to be simulated by CFD modeling. The effect of mass flow rate and effect of inlet temperatures in the phase change materials during a charging process and discharging process by solar heating has to be simulated by CFD modelling. Also we take three different PCMs for the analysis and find out the best one. Transient two dimensional heat transfer problems is to be solved by simulating in ANSYS FLUENT software while heat is stored in phase change material. The governing equations of mass, momentum, solidification models and energy are solved by the finite volume method in the steady-state regime. Keywords: Phase Change Materials (PCMs), Energy Storage, CFD, ANSYS FLUENT. Title: Numerical Analysis of Thermal Storage Systems Using Phase Change Material Author: Akhil Johnson, Dr.J. Hussain International Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Technology ISSN 2348-7593 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: This paper examines and presents the working of solar refrigerator based on thermo electric cooling and Peltier effect. Like other countries of GCC, the UAE realizes that it has to rely less on oil and gas and start to consider other sources of energy for power production. Solar energy has been one of the most important renewable resources of energy that has been lately used for generating electricity. But amount of electricity generated from these solar panel systems is not enough for efficiently controlling a device. The aim of my work here is to use this solar energy, not to generate electricity but to directly convert solar heat applied on one side of the surface of the thermo electric element into refrigeration effect on the other side, based on peltier effect and thermo electric cooling. The main principle of the solar refrigerator is to produce a positive and negative temperature effects on its either junctions by supplying an electrical voltage with extra heat available on the plate through solar heat to generate a cooling effect. Thermoelectric cooling systems have advantages over conventional cooling devices, such as compact in size, light in weight, high reliability, no mechanical moving parts and no working fluid. Keywords: Solar energy, Thermo electric cooling, Peltier effect, Refrigeration. Title: Thermoelectric Cooler Author: Karan Viraj Singh, Dr. Kavita Jerath International Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Technology ISSN 2348-7593 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR) is a 500MWe pool type, sodium cooled, first of its kind nuclear reactor which is presently in advanced stage of construction by BHAVINI at Kalpakkam, India. The boundaries of the sodium systems are designed so as to have an extremely low probability of abnormal leakage, rapidly propagating failure and gross rupture under the static & dynamic loads expected during various operating conditions. Therefore, design for the above shall include considerations of degradation of material properties (e.g. effect of sodium, temperature and irradiation), transients, residual stresses, flaw size etc. The principal material of construction for sodium piping circuits is austenitic SS316LN/SS304LN. All sodium pipelines inside Reactor Containment Building (RCB) of PFBR are provided with hot guard pipe and are inerted with nitrogen. The guard piping and the containment penetrations require sequential welding and NDT which are unique to PFBR. Limited space at site for the erection of sodium piping along with welding at inaccessible areas with confined space makes the work all the more challenging. Manufacturing of thin and big bore piping with tight tolerances along with the high distortion in stainless steels due to high thermal expansion and low thermal conductivity makes fabrication extremely challenging. With strict rules of sloping to be given to the piping to make conducive for full draining of the sodium loops, the fabrication challenges becomes multi fold. The welding standards and acceptance criteria of PFBR sodium piping system is very stringent compared to conventional piping systems. The welding of sodium piping systems are carried out by combination of Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) and Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) process as per stringent PFBR specification requirements. Due to complex constructional features of the sodium piping systems, the argon gas purging, welding and non-destructive examinations are extremely difficult and challenging task. Various special tools and fixtures were designed, developed and used for welding & fabrication to ensure high degree of reliability against failure. This paper highlights on welding aspects, challenges faced by BHAVINI management and innovations during fabrication activities of sodium piping circuits for 500MWe Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor. Keywords: Quality Management, Welding, Non-destructive examination, Sodium systems. Title: Quality Management during Welding, Fabrication & Erection of Austenitic Stainless Steel Piping for Sodium Circuits of 500MWe Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor Author: R.G.Rangasamy, Prabhat Kumar International Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Technology ISSN 2348-7593 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Over the last century, polymers have emerged as one of the most indispensible components used in everyday life, epoxy or poly-epoxide being one such example. Until recently, synthetic filler materials have been the preferred choice for reinforcement of epoxy to improve its toughness. However, natural filler and fiber materials are emerging as suitable alternatives to synthetic materials for reinforcing polymers such as epoxy due to their environment friendliness, high abundance, renewability, and cost effectiveness. The present experimental study aims at learning Mechanical behavior of areca fiber reinforced epoxy composites. Composites having 0, 5, 10 and 15% weight fraction of areca fiber were made using hand layup method. The fabricated composite samples were cut according to the ASTM standards for different experiments. Tensile, flexural, impact, hardness test and water absorption test were carried out at the samples. The maximum hardness, tensile, flexural, impact are getting for the material prepared with the 15 % reinforced areca fiber epoxy composite. Keywords: Epoxy resin, Hardener, Areca fiber, NaoH. Title: Mechanical Behavior of Areca Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composite Author: Vinayraj K G, Dr.Ashock B C International Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Technology ISSN 2348-7593 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: With the increasing quantity of possessed automobiles, it has received a great deal of attention from automobile manufacturers and government for the energy conservation and environmental protection both at home and abroad. To protect the environment and reduce vehicle emissions and fuel consumption of vehicles, it is necessary to recover the energy wasted by the car, such as the braking energy, engine exhaust emissions energy and vibration energy of suspension, etc. Usually the vibration energy caused by road roughness when car runs has not been paid attention to and it is wasted through conversion to thermal energy. If the vibration energy can be recovered and converted to other form of energy such as electric or hydraulic power so to supply for other devices, then the aim of eco-friendly energy-saving is reached. In this project the vibrational energy was converted to electric energy through the innovative shock absorbers, which rectifies the linear shock absorber motion and converts kinetic energy into electrical energy by using generator. Keyword: Rack, Pinion, spring, Oil. Title: Design Development of Regenerative Shock Absorber Author: Dipesh Parmar, Ravi Raiker ,Jariwala Denish, Tarsariya Chandresh, Prof. K.V.Modi International Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Technology ISSN 2348-7593 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Piston is the major part of an internal combustion engine which converts the chemical energy of the fuel into the mechanical energy obtained at the crankshaft through the connecting rod. An internal combustion engine is acted upon by the pressure of the expanding combustion gases in the combustion chamber space at the top of the cylinder. This force then acts downwards through the connecting rod and onto the crankshaft. This paper shows the use of different material from the existing one in the design and analyzed it for better results. A parametric model of piston is modeled using Solidworks 2013 software and analysis is done by using CAE tools of Solidworks. The piston design is for 150cc 4-stroke petrol engine in which the various dimensions of piston is calculated by analytical method considering maximum pressure condition and the materialAluminum alloy 2024-T361 is used in the design is based on the parameters like Vonmises stress, total deformation and factor of safety and the weight reduction from the design. Keywords: Solid works 2013, CAE Tools, Aluminium 2024-T361, Maximum pressure, Piston Head. Title: Design and Analysis of Piston for 4 Stroke Engine Using CAE Tools Author: Mohit Juneja, Dilip Verma, Abhinav Sharma, Rajesh Mishra, Rahul Singh Rajput, Jasveer Singh International Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Technology ISSN 2348-7593 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: This project work deals with the design and fabrication of Multioperational machine which is user friendly, easy to do exercise, save & stores the energy of the users muscle efforts. The aim of this work is to develop a modernized and less stressful operation for cutting wood, metals and plastic materials, punching of thin fiber sheets and use the power of wheel for battery charging. It is very useful for cutting PVC materials (pipes) and can be used widely in lather and in furniture making industries. This work can also serve as an exercising machine for fitness while cutting; it uses the principle of a slider crank mechanism which converts the rotary motion of the flywheel to the reciprocating motion of the hacksaw during pedaling. This project also deals with punching operation. At the same time the attached alternator operates and the mechanical energy is converted in to electrical energy, the generated electrical energy is stored in battery with the help of wires. The stored electrical energy is used when we are needed. Keywords: Pedal power, Hacksaw, Punching, Reciprocating motion, Battery Charging. Title: Design and Fabrication of Multioperational Machine Author: SOLANKI NITESH, RATHOD PRINCE, PATIL RAHUL, MANDLOI SARVAGYA, PATEL VIKAS, SHARMA SATYENDRA International Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Technology ISSN 2348-7593 (Online) Research Publish Journals