Vol 12 Issue 1 April 2024-September 2024

Abstract: Wide variability in both infection and response to therapy by individuals suffering from HIV and the associated resistance to antiretroviral drugs all relating to wide range of infectivity has been a problem. This article is a study of the surface thermodynamics of actual infectivity range in HIV dynamics. The methodology firstly involved incorporating an expressed thermodynamic transcriptional infectivity model representing the lower value of the infectivity range in an adopted basic viral model, an ordinary differential equation (ODE) and solving the ensued HIV model with a view to validating the infectivity model with the dynamics of the HIV model at transcriptional bifurcation. Secondly, adopted basic HIV model incorporated with formulated thermodynamic infectivity model was also solved in ninety different simulations to ascertain the infectivity value that generates dynamics that aligns with the reality of the literature vis a vis the upper value of the infectivity range. These established both the lower and upper values of the infectivity range of HIV infection. The solution approach involved numerical integration of ensued (ODE) model using MATLAB^TM function ode 23 that also makes use of an explicit Runge-Kutta method. As expected, a less than unit value of the Transcriptional Bifurcation Infectivity of 1*10-4  (mL/copies/d ) was  obtained, indicating the presence of attractive van der Waals forces between HIV particles and the lymphocytes particles within an infected blood sample. In principle, a greater than one (1) value would have meant repulsion or no interaction. From the ninety simulations, a concise actual thermodynamic infectivity range of 1*10-4mLcopies.d   to 3*10-3mLcopies.d  which is within historical range of 5.0 x 10-10≤β≤1  mLcopies.d , a proper subset of that of literature was established. The established actual thermodynamic infectivity range is validated fully by the entire historical range of 5.0 x 10-10≤β≤1  (mL/copies/d ). Following expectations, findings show a concise range and that thermodynamic concepts can validly be used to quantify infectivity parameter range. Thus, to overcome wide variability in response to therapy by individuals, it is recommended for pharmaceutical industries to be applied in the area of drug design and drug dosing and in pharmacognosy for drug optimization for complete and efficient infectivity depletion.  

Keywords: Human immunodeficiency virus, Interfacial energetics, Infectivity, Genetics.

Title: SURFACE THERMODYNAMICS OF ACTUAL INFECTIVITY RANGE IN HIV DYNAMICS

Author: Ilo, C. P., Dim, E. C., Ani, O. I

International Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Technology      

ISSN 2348-7593 (Online)

Vol. 12, Issue 1, April 2024 - September 2024

Page No: 18-33

Research Publish Journals

Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 28-September-2024

Abstract: Water is essential to human life and to the health of the environment. The paper aimed at a theoretical framework for domestic well water purification, distribution, and management for human use. The sources of water and treatment technologies that remove contaminants for consumption were examined. The type of treatment operation performed at a drinking water treatment plant and the treatment chemicals used were found to be dependent on the contaminants present at the source of the water. A physical design system for a well-water treatment plant, purification, and distribution driven by a solar automation control system is thereby proposed. The model would minimize water losses, improve accuracy, pump efficiency, and the purity of water conveyed along the pipe network due to less or no contamination. This would eventually reduce energy waste, save money, be useful in rural areas, developing countries, and small and medium-sized industries, prevent environmental damage, and enhance municipal treatment for all Nigerian industrialization.

Keywords: water, human life, treatment technologies, solar power, control system.

Title: AN EVALUATION AND MODELING OF A SOLAR-POWERED AUTONOMOUS CONTROL SYSTEM FOR A RESIDENTIAL WELL-WATER DELIVERY SYSTEM

Author: Arowolo, M.O., Daniel, C.U., Martins, O.O., Adebimpe, A.M., Fadiji, E.A., Oginni, O.T.

International Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Technology      

ISSN 2348-7593 (Online)

Vol. 12, Issue 1, April 2024 - September 2024

Page No: 8-17

Research Publish Journals

Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 25-June-2024

Abstract: Projects, no matter the size, complexity, duration, or involved stakeholders, can evolve and change in numerous directions rapidly throughout their lifecycle. We are reminded by the fact that change is inevitable, it is a constant in every aspect of our lives, and change in the temporary, goal-driven endeavors we undertake, in other words, projects, is no exception to this rule. A fundamental element to any project is defining its scope and boundaries, which is referred to the totality of its goals, requirements, activities, deliverables, costs, resources and deadlines. There are many reasons why a project's scope might change after the initial stages of scope definition, and they can have serious consequences to a project’s timeline, budget, and overall success. However, scope changes are a natural part of the project management process, and in many cases, these changes are not what hinders projects, but it is how we manage and control it that does. It is crucial that we learn, understand, and plan for these changes to minimize the rippling impacts and effects. This paper will break down the definition of scope changes and highlight the various types and leading causes that attribute to this phenomenon. In addition, the paper will shed light on the impact of scope changes and also provide recommendations and guidance on how to best handle these situations. Finally, real-life examples will be provided to further understand and comprehend how changes were introduced and handled.  

Keywords: project's scope, goals, requirements, activities, deliverables, involved stakeholders.

Title: Understanding the Principles of Project Scope Changes

Author: Leena Alawami

International Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Technology      

ISSN 2348-7593 (Online)

Vol. 12, Issue 1, April 2024 - September 2024

Page No: 1-7

Research Publish Journals

Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 28-May-2024