Vol 3 Issue 2 October 2015-March 2016

Abstract: Rice husk is treated as waste and disposed at power plant sites, and leads to a serious environmental problem. Therefore, it is important to treat rice husk before disposing. So, rice husk is used as precursors to produce activated carbon. This work deals with the preparation and characterization of activated carbon from agricultural waste for the adsorption of methyl orange in an aqueous solution. The removal of methyl orange onto AC’s from aqueous solution was investigated by using parameters such as pH, and binding forces. A spectrophotometer was used for measuring the extent of adsorption. The extent of dye removal decreased with increasing adsorbent dosage and also decreased with pH increasing absorbance. Optimum pH value for dye adsorption was determined to be 2.0, strong pH-dependence of methyl orange adsorption onto AC’s together with FT-IR results indicate to the possible involvement of physical forces such as hydrogen bonding, and electrostatic force of attraction in the adsorption process. In addition, the adsorption data of methyl orange by AC’s were applied to SEM analysis. The results indicate that AC’s could be employed as low-cost alternative adsorbents in the removal of methyl orange from aqueous solution. Keywords: Activated Carbon (AC), Rice Husk, pH, UV- Vis, SEM, FT-IR. Title: Preparation and Characterization of Activated Carbon Derived From Rice Husk by NaOH Activation Author: Binod Kumar Pandey, Saima Habib Khan, Amit Chattree International Journal of Mathematics and Physical Sciences Research ISSN 2348-5736 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Over a century, we know that all the planets, stars & all the bodies in the universe are moving away from us by observing its RED-SHIFT of its light through spectroscope. But I say this red-shift is not due to that body moving away from us, actually this red-shift was due to gravitational force of other objects that present in its path of the light. By this prediction I concluded that our universe is not expanding, actually it was static. And also we don’t have big-bang origin. Keywords: RED-SHIFT, planets, stars & all the bodies. Title: Real Reason of Red-Shift Author: HARIPRASHAD RAVIKUMAR International Journal of Mathematics and Physical Sciences Research ISSN 2348-5736 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: The decomposition of curvature tensor field was studied by K.Takano [4]. The decomposability of curvature tensor in Finsler manifold was studied by P.N, Pandey [2]. The purpose of the present paper is to decompose the normal projective curvature tensor N_jkh^i in recurrent Finsler space and study the properties of conformal decomposition tensor. Keywords: Finsler space, normal projective curvature tensor, recurrent Finsler space. Title: Decomposability of Normal Projective Curvature Tensor in Finsler Spaces Author: Fahmi Yaseen Abdo Qasem International Journal of Mathematics and Physical Sciences Research ISSN 2348-5736 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: With the growing magnitude of environmental pollution, the focus on environmental remediation is also bound to increase and more so it becomes challenging task. With the advent of nanotechnology and the immense potential of nanomaterials, their role in cleaning the environment by efficiently removing the pollutants and biological contaminants becomes highly significant. This article is an overview of the nanoscaledzerovalentmetal (nZVm) particles in the field of various environmental contaminant remediation. Nanomaterials have given a new dimension to the environmental cleanup and have proved to be an effective alternative for site remediation. Among various other metals the potential of nanoscaledzerovalent iron(nZVI) in contaminant degradation has received considerable attention over the past decade and has been successfully utilized for the degradation of a wide range of pollutants including polyhalogenated compounds, chlorinated solvents, dyes, inorganic anions, heavy metals etc. Recent advances in exploring the potential of nZVI have led to modify them for enhanced stability and improved mobility. The high activity of nFeo is well preserved by stabilizing or supporting the particles either by another metal or by using some organic stabilizers. The bimetallic nanoparticles exhibit extraordinary reaction kinetics towards dehalogenation and thus decontamination processes. Stabilizers like carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) not only stabilized the nanoparticles but also result in the synthesis of smaller sized nanoparticles with higher surface area and greater efficiency. Keywords: Zerovalent Metals, Nanoscaled, Adsorption, Environmental contaminant, Sustainability. Title: Role of Nanotechnology As A Tool for Sustainability: Potential of Zerovalent Metal Naoparticles (ZVN) and Their Metal Composites in Environmental Remediation Author: Priti Malhotra, Arti Jain International Journal of Mathematics and Physical Sciences Research ISSN 2348-5736 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: In the present paper, a Finsler space F_n for which the normal projective curvature tensor N_jkh^i satisfies N_jkh^i=y^i Y_jkh and N_jkh^i=y_j Y_kh^i, where Y_jkh and Y_kh^i are non-zero tensor fileds called decompositions tensor fields, we study the properties of such decomposition and decomposition of projective curvature tensor. Keywords: a Finsler space, decompositions tensor, decomposition of projective curvature tensor. Title: Some Decomposition of Normal Projective Curvature Tensor I Author: Fahmi Yaseen Abdo Qasem, Abdalstar Ali Mohsen Saleem International Journal of Mathematics and Physical Sciences Research ISSN 2348-5736 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: In the present paper, a Finsler space F_n for which the normal projective curvature tensor N_jkh^i satisfies N_jkh^i=y^i Y_jkh , where Y_jkh is non-zero tensor field called decomposition tensor field, we discuss decompose the normal projective curvature tensor in recurrent Finsler space. Keywords: A Finsler space, decompositions tensor in recurrent Finsler space. Title: Some Decomposition of Normal Projective Curvature Tensor II Author: Fahmi Yaseen Abdo Qasem, Abdalstar Ali Mohsen Saleem International Journal of Mathematics and Physical Sciences Research ISSN 2348-5736 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: We presented a Finsler space 〖 F〗_n whose Cartan's fourth curvature tensor K_jkh^i satisfies K_(jkh|l |m )^i= 〖 λ_(l ) K_(jkh|m)^i+b_lm〗_ K_(jkh )^i, K_jkh^i≠0, where λ_(l )and b_(lm )are non-zero covariant vector field and covariant tensor field of second order, respectively. such space is called as 〖 K〗_( )^h–generalized birecurrent Finsler space and denoted briefly by K_( )^h–GBR–F_n, In the present paper we introduce some certain identities satisfies the generalized birecurrence property in our space. Keywords: Finsler space, K^h-generalized birecurrent Finsler space, Ricci tensor. Title: Certain Identities in K^h-Generalized Birecurrent Finsler Space Author: Fahmi.Y.A. Qasem, Amani. M. A. Hanballa International Journal of Mathematics and Physical Sciences Research ISSN 2348-5736 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: In the present paper we introduce sufficient and necessary condition for Berwald curvature tensor H_( jkh)^( i)satisfies generalized birecurrence property, also we introduce the space which called it K h – generalized birecurrent affinely connected space, and obtained certain identities and some proprties in our space. Keywords: Finsler space, Kh – Generalized birecurrent Finsler space, Ricci tensor, affinely connected spaces. Title: On Kh – Generalized Birecurrent Affinely Connected Space Author: F.Y.A. Qasem, A. M. A. Hanballa International Journal of Mathematics and Physical Sciences Research ISSN 2348-5736 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: This paper deals with the study of steady, laminar, incompressible convection flow along a rotating vertical cone with thermal radiation and thermophoresis immersed in a fluid saturated porous medium. The fluid is assumed to be a gray, absorbing-emitting but a scattering medium. The radiative heat flux in the energy equations is described by employing the Rosseland approximation. The governing equations for the conservation of mass, momentum, energy and concentration of the problem are formulated. The resultant equations are transformed into simple ordinary non-linear differential equations and then solved by employing Runge-Kutta method with shooting technique. The numerical results concerning the flow fields, such as, the fluid velocities (tangential, circumferential and normal), temperature and concentration profiles across the boundary layer are discussed graphically for different values of physical parameters, namely thermophoresis coefficient, relative temperature difference parameter, inverse Darcy parameter and thermal radiation. These characteristics are also discussed with the aid of Nusselt number and Sherwood number. Keywords: Rotating cone, porous medium, thermal radiation, convection flow, thermophoresis. Title: Thermophoresis Effect on Mixed Convection Flow from a Rotating Cone Embedded in a Porous Medium with Thermal Radiation Author: Dr. M. Sreedhar Babu, G. Venkata Ramanaiah, M. Lavanya International Journal of Mathematics and Physical Sciences Research ISSN 2348-5736 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: In the present paper, a Finsler space whose curvature tensor R_jkh^i satisfies R_(jkh׀l׀m)^i= 〖 a〗_lm R_jkh^i+〖 b〗_lm (δ_k^i g_jh-δ_h^i g_jk ) ,R_jkh^i≠ 0 , where 〖 a〗_lm and 〖 b〗_lm are non-zero covariant tensor fields of second order called recurrence tensor fields, is introduced, such space is called as a generalized R^h-birecurrent Finsler space . The associate tensor R_jrkh of Cartan's third curvature tensor R_jkh^i , the torsion tensor H_kh^i ,the deviation tensor R_h^i, the Ricci tensor R_jk, the vector H_k and the scalar curvature R of such space are non-vanishing. Under certain conditions, a generalized R^h-birecurrent Finsler space becomes Landsberg space . Some conditions have been pointed out which reduce a generalized R^h-birecurrent Finsler space F_n (n>2) into Finsler space of scalar curvature. Keywords: Finsler space; Generalized R^h-birecurrent Finsler space; Ricci tensor; Landsberg space; Finsler space of scalar curvature. Title: On a Generalized R^h- Birecurrent Finsler Space Author: Fahmi Y.A. Qasem, Wafa`a H.A. Hadi International Journal of Mathematics and Physical Sciences Research ISSN 2348-5736 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: The Copper (II) complexes with general formula [CuL X(H2O) 2 ] 0.2H2O (where L= p-methyl anilino) –p– chloro phenyl acetonitrile and X= Cl, CH3COO, NO3 and Br) were synthesized by a modified Strecker's procedure. X-ray, K- absorption fine structural measurements were carried out on these four complexes. EXAFS spectra have been recorded at the K-edge of Cu using the dispersive EXAFS (DEXAFS) beam line at 2.5GeV Indus-2 synchrotron radiation source RRCAT, Indore, India. The EXAFS data have been analysed using the computer softwares Athena and Origin 6.0. With the heip of these softwares, the bond lengths in these complexes have been determined by four different methods, namely, Levy’s, Lytle’s and Lytle, Sayers and Stern’s (LSS) and Fourier transform methods. Keywords: EXAFS, Athena, Origin 6.0, LSS. Title: Extended X–Ray, K-absorption Fine Structural Studies of Mixed Ligand Copper (II) Complexes of p-Chloro benzaldehyde Author: Jaishree Bhale, Pradeep Sharma, A.Mishra International Journal of Mathematics and Physical Sciences Research ISSN 2348-5736 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: A Halin graph H is the union of a tree T ≠ K2 with no vertex of degree two and a cycle C connecting the end-vertices of T in the cyclic order determined by a plane embedding of T. In this paper, we classify the Halin graphs depending upon whether the tree T is unicentric or bicentric and investigate the vertex coloring properties of four classes of Halin graphs. Keywords: In-regular circular Halin graph, in-regular belted circular Halin graph, in-regular elliptical Halin graph, in-regular belted elliptical Halin graph. Title: Chromatic Number of in-Regular Types of Halin Graphs Author: T. Nicholas, Sanma.G.R International Journal of Mathematics and Physical Sciences Research ISSN 2348-5736 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Current level of Radon gas in groundwater is of great interest in the context of current level of cancer cases in Nigeria. The Rn-222 activity concentration in ground water from 12 boreholes and the corresponding purified drinking water in Kaduna North metropolis were investigated in the present study. The liquid scintillation counter used for sample analysis provides reliable measurement of Rn-222 activity concentrations which ranges over 3.34–17.70 kBq/m3 resulting in large spatial differences in Rn-222 concentration. The results obtained  show that all the boreholes monitored had radon water concentration within international standard limits such as the U. S EPA Alternative Maximum Contamination level (AMCL) which is 146 kBq/m3 and the European Union reference level of 1000 kBq/m3. However a small fraction of the boreholes monitored exceeded the recent proposed limit of U.S Environmental Protection Agency of 11kBq/m3 for Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL). The estimated doses due to the consumption of drinking water containing radon vary significantly with the quantity of drinking water consumed and the degree to which the water has been processed prior to consumption. However dose estimates based on measurements made in this study demonstrate that Rn-222 in drinking water may not pose a significant health risk, in the short term, to consumers who depend on drinking water supplies derived from the boreholes monitored.

Keywords: Radon, groundwater, cancer, activity, concentration, boreholes.

Title: Radon Measurement in Commercial Borehole Water from Some Selected Areas of Kaduna Metropolis Using Liquid Scintillation Counter

Author: A. M. Kamba, I. O. Okunade

International Journal of Mathematics and Physical Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-5736 (Online)

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Abstract: A study of the effects of relative humidity on solar electricity generation was carried out in Uyo and Port –Harcourt cities. Their results were compared to ascertain which city generates more solar electricity in relation to relative humidity of the city. Relative humidity, output current, and output voltage, were measured using digital instrument. Also formal meteorological data were utilized. Analysis show that, relative humidity is higher in port-Harcourt; > 93% in the morning hours, >70% at noon hours and >80% during evening hours, this giving output current of; <10x10^-1A in the morning hours, »15x10^-1A at noon hours and <8x10^-1A in the evening hours. Also power efficiencies of; <50% in the morning hours, »65% at noon hours and <35% during evening hours were recorded. While in Uyo city relative humidity is lower with values of; <90% in the morning hours, <65% at noon hours and <70% during evening hours, also output current of; >15x10^-1A in the morning hours, >20x10^-1A at noon hours and <18x10^-1A during evening hours. Efficiencies of; >60% in the morning hours, >90% at noon hours and >70% during evening hours was recorded. Result shows similarities in trend in the effects of relative humidity on the output current, output voltage and power efficiency of solar module in both cities. Observation shows that at low relative humidity, output current increases as well as power efficiency of solar module hence solar electricity generation is high and vice vase. These implies that solar electricity generation is higher in Uyo while relative humidity is low than in Port-Harcourt where relative humidity is high.

Keywords: Solar Module, Relative Humidity, Power Efficiency, Current, Solar Electricity.

Title: Comparative Study of the Effects of Relative Humidity on Solar Electricity Generation in UYO and Port- Harcourt, Nigeria

Author: E. B. Ettah, P.O Ushie, J. N Obiefuna, N. C. Nwachukwu

International Journal of Mathematics and Physical Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-5736 (Online)

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Abstract: In this paper, new iterative method (NIM) is used for the solution of nonlinear and linear stiff equations and systems of equations. First we applied NIM to find the solution of stiff equations in series form and then easily converted it into exact solution. The method is explained with some examples. The results show the efficiency and convenience of the NIM which we have used for the solution of stiff system of problems.

Keywords: New iterative method; class of stiff systems; scientific work place.      

Title: Using New Iterative Method to Find the Exact Solution for a Class of Stiff Systems of Equations

Author: Muhammad Shafeeq Ur Rehman, Dr.Muhammad Jamil Amir, Tahir Kamran

International Journal of Mathematics and Physical Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-5736 (Online)

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