Vol 6 Issue 2 October 2018-March 2019

Abstract: Carbon nanostructures like fullerenes, graphene and nanotubes are of great interest for the current research as well as for future industrial applications. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been under scientific investigation for more than fifteen years because of their unique properties that predestine them for many potential applications. The field of nanotechnology and nanoscience push their investigation forward to produce CNTs with suitable parameters for future applications. It is evident that new approaches of their synthesis need to be developed and optimized. The challenge on carbon nanotubes is still the subject of many research groups. While in the first years the focus was on the new synthesis methods, new carbon sources and support materials, recently, the application possibilities are the principal arguments of the studies. Moreover, the carbon nanotubes market is steadily growing and thus effective and cheap solutions for the production of high quality carbon nanotubes are needed. To the best of my knowledge, the main focus in the current research lays on exploring the effective production methods for singlewalled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) because of their unique physical and chemical properties and hence their potential electronic application.  In this paper we review history, types, structure and especially the different synthesis methods for CNTs preparation including arc discharge, laser ablation and chemical vapour deposition. Moreover, we mention some rarely used ways of arc discharge deposition which involves arc discharge in liquid solutions in contrary to standard used deposition in a gas atmosphere.  This paper presents different synthesis methods like arc discharge (AD), laser ablation, chemical vapour deposition (CVD) as well as some of the more recent methods working with high pressure of the carbon monoxide of some unique catalytic mixture. The production methods are explained and their advantages and disadvantages examined. Although this paper concentrates on the synthesis, the other factors should not be completely neglected as they contribute significantly to the production costs.

Keywords: Carbon nanotube , laser ablation, chemical vapour deposition (CVD), arc discharge (AD).

Title: Mini review: Synthesis of carbon nanotube

Author: A.M.EL- Shafey

International Journal of Mathematics and Physical Sciences Research  

ISSN 2348-5736 (Online)

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Abstract: Equation of state parameter depending on energy density is derived using a gauge – like condition. It shows the possibility of expressing the accelerating expansion with positive energy. when , It laid out energy density constrains as, a gauge – like condition has been used in this work, is a result of multiplication of special constructed octonion. Octonion that used in this model verified as mixed octonion, constructed out of two quaternions, one represents the field and the other is its dual field.

Keywords: Equation of state parameter, accelerating expansion, universe, dark energy.

Title: Variable Equation of State Parameter for Accelerating Expansion of the Universe

Author: Mahgoub.A. Salih

International Journal of Mathematics and Physical Sciences Research  

ISSN 2348-5736 (Online)

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Abstract: The study was to determine the concentration of ascorbic acid among the citrus fruits collected from Luwero District so as to find out the quantity of citrus fruits needed to provide recommended daily allowance of ascorbic acid for healthy eating. The study took experimental design. The ascorbic acid content of the juices of four different citrus fruits– Exotic Navel orange, Local Valencia orange, Local Mandarin and Local Kaffir lime was determined iodometrically in order to identify which fruit would best supply the ascorbic acid needed for the body and at what quantity. Results showed that Exotic Navel orange had the highest value of ascorbic acid, 23.37mg/100g, followed by Local Valencia orange, Local Mandarin and Local Kaffir Lime with ascorbic acid concentration of 21.63mg/100g, 20.04mg/100g and 12.01mg/100g respectively. It therefore follows that Exotic Navel orange would supply more ascorbic acid for body need compared to the other three fruits. The quantity of each citrus fruit needed to provide recommended daily allowance of ascorbic acid, 45mg for an adult person, was also determined. For example, it was recommended that consuming one and a quarter of Local Valencia orange every day is enough for an adult person to get the daily recommended amount of ascorbic acid to prevent non – communicable diseases. Taking two and half pieces of Local Mandarin would supply 45 mg of ascorbic acid required for daily need. And consuming one Exotic orange every day is enough for an adult to get recommended amount of ascorbic acid daily. However, about two and a quarter Local Kaffir lime will have to be eaten to meet the same daily requirement of vitamin C for an adult person.

Keywords: Citrus Fruit, Ascorbic Acid, Exotic Navel Orange.

Title: Determination of Amount of Ascorbic Acid in Selected Citrus Fruit Varieties in Luwero District, Uganda

Author: Bageya Godfrey, Otieno A. Charles, Opio Peter, Kirya Mohammed

International Journal of Mathematics and Physical Sciences Research  

ISSN 2348-5736 (Online)

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Abstract: In this paper, VIM is used to explain convection diffusion problems in physical situations where energy, particles and other forcible amount are transmitted inside a physical system owed to diffusion and convections. The numerical results obtained by VIM are discussed with the help of different figures. The plotted graph and numerical results show accuracy and efficiency of this method in solving nonlinear equations.

Keywords: Variational iteration method; Convection diffusion problems; Kolmogorov-Petrovsly - Piskunov (KPP) equation.

Title: Application of He’s Variational Iteration Method to Solve Convection Diffusion Problems

Author: Ajay Kumar Sharma, Pradeep Kashyap

International Journal of Mathematics and Physical Sciences Research  

ISSN 2348-5736 (Online)

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Abstract: The aim of the study was to analyse the Phytochemical constituents and antibacterial activity of the leaves of ocimum gratissimum. Phytochemical analysis of the extracts revealed the presence of antimicrobial principles including tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, anthraquinone, cardiac glycoside, steroidal terpenes and phlobatanins.  The antimicrobial efficacy of water, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of dried leaf of Ocimum gratissimum against pseudomonas aeruginosa and streptococcus pneumoniae were determined using the Agar well diffusion method. The results revealed that the ethyl acetate extract was most potent, inhibiting all isolates with diameter zones of inhibition 13 mm, followed by methanol extract, and water extract being the least. The S. pneumoniae showed no resistance to the water extract. All the extracts inhibited the growth of the bacterial isolates in a concentration dependent manner with MICs ranging between 125 - 1000 mg/ml, while MBCs gave a range of 13.5 - 250 mg/ml. The UV/Vis spectra of the crude extract revealed three major and three minor compounds. The HPLC chromatograms and IR spectra of O.grattisimum extract showed the presence of O=C=O, C=C=C (allenes), N=O, – N-H (amines) and -C=C- (alkenes) groups. These results suggested that probably a pyrrolizidine derivative of  an alkaloid and eugenol of the type gamma eudesmol are present in the leaves of Ocimum gratissimum, which may provide a considerable evidence to justify O. gratissimum as a good candidate medicinal plant for the treatment of cough.

Keywords: Ocimum Gratissimum, Phytochemical Analysis, Antibacterial activity.

Title: Phytochemical Analysis and Antibacterial Activity of Ocimum Gratissimum Used In Treatment of Cough

Author: Bageya Godfrey, Adaku Christopher, Adia Madina Mohammad

International Journal of Mathematics and Physical Sciences Research  

ISSN 2348-5736 (Online)

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Abstract: This paper is a laboratory report on an experiment conducted to verify the Hooke’s Law and study the properties of longitudinal waves which are formed on a mechanical spring. This has been done by plotting the elongation of the spring against the applied force. The relation between length of the spring and wavelength of the longitudinal wave has also been verified. Wave propagation velocity was also studied.

Keywords: Hooke’s Law, mechanical spring, longitudinal waves, standing waves.

Title: Verifying Hooke’s Law through Longitudinal Standing Waves on a Mechanical Spring

Author: Abhinav Agarwal

International Journal of Mathematics and Physical Sciences Research  

ISSN 2348-5736 (Online)

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Abstract: The corrosion Inhibitive effect of Coconut (Cocos nucifera linn) juice on the acid corrosion of aluminium in 1M HCl solution was studied by a weight loss technique which is regarded as the best method for this analysis.  The analyses were carried out using 5-30ml of the Cocos nucifera linn. Aluminum sheets of purity 99.8% were used in this study. Each sheet was 0.12cm thick and was cut into square like shaped coupons of dimension 4 cm x 5 cm. However, surface treatment of the coupon involved degreasing in absolute ethanol and drying in acetone. The pre-weighted aluminum coupons were totally immersed in a beaker containing the corroding acidic medium of various concentration of the inhibitor at the time intervals of 1-5 hours. The inhibitor exhibited highest inhibition efficiency of 84.0% at the highest inhibitor concentration of 60% v/v. The corrosion rate was found to decrease. It was found that the extracts of Cocos nucifera inhibited the corrosion of aluminium in this acid medium. The inhibitor (coconut water) efficiency increased with increasing concentration of the Cocos nucifera juice at 30⁰C. This research showed that coconut juice possesses inhibiting properties for reducing the corrosion of aluminium in the1M HCl.

Keywords: Cocos Nucifera Linn, inhibitive effect, aluminium, HCl, corrosion rate.

Title: ASSESSMENT OF THE INHIBITIVE EFFECT OF COCONUT WATER (COCOS NUCIFERA LINN) ON THE CORROSION OF ALUMINIUM IN ACIDIC MEDIUM

Author: OBRUCHE .E. K, ERHABOR .O.D, MKURZURUM.C

International Journal of Mathematics and Physical Sciences Research  

ISSN 2348-5736 (Online)

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Abstract: The great development and progress occurring in our current age at the scientific and theoretical levels depends entirely on science, mathematics, engineering and education technology. Mathematics has greatly contributed to the scientific and technological development. Today, it has become a tool for the development of thinking and realization of relationships in an integrated framework after it was seen as a mere acquisition of ordinary computational skills or it is simply arithmetic, algebra and geometry. This view of mathematics is no longer acceptable today. Because of this property of mathematics as a science, it has been reflected in its teaching as a teaching material at the Higher Institute of Energy in Kuwait, which is affiliated to the Public Authority for Applied Education and Training. Therefore, this research paper aims at achieving the objectives for developing the training process at the Higher Institute of Energy.

This research is divided into three topics as follow:

The first topic: A questionnaire to evaluate and develop mathematics curricula at the Higher Institute of Energy.

The second topic: The importance and objectives of mathematics study at the Higher Institute of Energy.

The third topic: Characterization of mathematics curricula and the skill objectives of these curricula.

Keywords: The Questionnaire – Fractions - Exponents, roots and logarithms – Equations - Ratios and Proportions - Geometric plane shapes - Factoring Algebraic Expression and Polynomial Functions - Coordinate Geometry - The coordinate system in a plane – Statistics – Trigonometry – Vectors - Complex Numbers - Derivatives & Integration.

Title: Analytical Study of Mathematics Courses at the Higher Institute of Energy

Author: Ahmad Ali Al-Omran

International Journal of Mathematics and Physical Sciences Research  

ISSN 2348-5736 (Online)

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Abstract: Due to rare occurring of events in insurance companies in Kenya, this has directly affected the industry resulting to huge losses. Further, it has discouraged most insurance companies to offer cover to some listed risks that seem risky and likely to occur causing massive impacts. In particular, the motor cover which out of 47 insurance companies in Kenya, less than a half of this number offer the cover.  These huge claims in insurance, finance and even metrological assume distribution with fat tails. This study concentrates on the right tails of the underlying distribution (extremely large observations), and specifically situations when EVT is assumed to be positive. A case study of Kenindia Assurance claims data illustrates how data sets can be analyzed in practice. It is shown to what extent discretion can/should be applied, as well as how different estimators can be used in a complementary fashion to give more insight into the nature of the data and the extreme tail of underlying distribution. The analysis is carried out from the point of raw data, to the construction of tables which can be used directly to gauge the risk of insurance portfolio over a given time frame. Using R, the obtained the mean excess plot was obtained which helped in measuring the shape of the distribution in the tail. The fitted a GPD over a chosen threshold to help us in measuring the shape of the underlying distribution.

Keywords: MODELLING, CLAIMS, EXTREME VALUE THEORY.

Title: MODELLING OF LARGE INSURANCE CLAIMS USING EXTREME VALUE THEORY: A CASE STUDY OF KENINDIA ASSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED MOTOR BUSINESS

Author: SIMON KINYUA WERU, PROF. A. WAITITU

International Journal of Mathematics and Physical Sciences Research  

ISSN 2348-5736 (Online)

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Abstract: Data analysis is undoubtedly a major part in any general epidemic preparedness and control. Several statistical methods have been developed over the years for better and accurate analysis of epidemic data. Key among such methods is the use of stochastic epidemic models. This study used Bayesian technique to do inference for stochastic epidemics given data from CSM outbreak. The data for the analysis was a 2010 CSM outbreak data from Jirapa township in Ghana with a population of 6139 people and an ultimately infected number of 354 people. Conjugate and uninformative prior selections methods were considered for the study of which the former was seen to present better results based on the diagnosis analysis of results from both methods. In estimating the summaries of these parameters from the joint conditional distribution, the study adopted MCMC algorithms which was implemented in R using a combination of packages. In presenting the results, the study considered 2 parameters out of the several that can be estimated with the model. The results of the sampling of the exposure period E shows that the outbreak population has a very high exposure period with E having a median of 8.8965 days. This is indeed very high as compared to the WHO standard of between 2 and 10 days. Also, the rate of infection β had a median of 0.7334. The two parameter estimates are some of the factors that lead to the ultimate extinction of the outbreak before it could spread to all the entire township.

Keywords: Epidemics, CSM, stochastic, MCMC algorithm, random graph, Bayesian theorem, social network. 

Title: MODELLING OF CEREBRAL SPINAL MENINGITIS (CSM) OUTBREAK USING STOCHASTIC EPIDEMIC MODELS WITH BAYESIAN PRIORS

Author: ABDUL BADI SAYIBU

International Journal of Mathematics and Physical Sciences Research  

ISSN 2348-5736 (Online)

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