Vol 7 Issue 1 January 2019-March 2019

Abstract: Myriad of organizations are faced with the seemingly intractable task of strategy implementation notwithstanding their experience and previous successes. The challenge to translate the strategies and plans into action and successfully implementation is common to both large corporation and small and medium enterprise. However, it is possible to translate the established strategies and plans into individual and team action necessary to provide a successful strategy implementation. The general objective of the study was to analyse the influence of strategic management practice on strategy implementation in Kiambu county government. The study was guided by the following specific: to determine the influence of Strategy operationalization as a strategic management practice on strategy implementation, to examine the influence of strategy evaluation and control system as a strategic management practice on strategy implementation, to determine the influence of strategy planning as a strategic management practice on strategy implementation and to establish the influence of situation analysis as a strategic management practice on strategy implementation in Kiambu County. The theories that were used for the study were stakeholder theory, strategy fit theory, resource dependency theory, Mckinsey. To realize this objective, a survey research design was adopted. The target population of the study constituted Kiambu county government top level management from which the target population was 86 with a sample size of 43 respondents were identified through stratified sampling which constitutes 50% of the target population. Primary data was collected from the members of County Assembly, County public service, County Executive Committee and the chief officers of various departments using a combination of questionnaires and structured interviews. A fact sheet was used to summarize the data collected before analyzed using statistical package for social science (SPSS) to obtain descriptive statistics; data collected was presented in the form of frequency tables.

Keywords: Situation Analysis, Strategy Planning, Strategy Operationalization, Strategy Evaluation And Control.

Title: INFLUENCE OF STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON STRATEGY IMPLEMENTATION IN KENYAN COUNTIES: A CASE STUDY OF KIAMBU COUNTY

Author: Kelvin Kamau Wagikondi, Jane Omwenga

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: Tourism in India has been emerging as one of the largest service sectors industries. Therefore it is rightly pointed out that ‘India is a country with many worlds’. Karnataka is no exception from it. Karnataka is also a home to several forts, architectural marvels and is blessed with a rich cultural heritage. Other diverse visitor attractions include pilgrim sites, coastal landscape and wildlife and national parks. State offers a variety of tourism products that cater to the demand from different visitor segments, such as, eco-tourism, wellness tourism and adventure tourism. Over the years, Karnataka has emerged as one of the most sought after tourism destinations in the country and also created a space for itself in the international tourism circuit. As of 2013, the State was ranked as the fourth preferred destination among domestic tourists and ranked third with regard to attracting investments in the tourism sector (Karnataka Tourism Policy 2015-2020 Department of Tourism Government of Karnataka). In this backdrop, it is rightly stated that Karnataka is "ONE STATE, MANY WORLDS" (Tourism Policy 2009-2014). In this context, tourism is used as an instrument for overall development of state and thus the state government has declared “Tourism as an Industry” since 1988 (Economic Survey of Karnataka 2010-11). Karnataka has been witnessing a tremendous influx of international and domestic tourists that has added to foreign exchange earnings. The tourist flow into the state has continuously been increasing steadily from 8.41 crore in 2011 to 11.82 crore in 2014, which indicates comprehensive increase of 40.54 percent (Economic Survey of Karnataka 2015-16).

Keywords: Homestays, Influx, Lush, Comparative and niche.

Title: MAJOR TOURISM DESTINATIONS AND CHALLENGES OF TOURISM IN KODAGU DISTRICT

Author: Dr. E. THIPPESWAMY

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: Achievement Motivation is one unique and salient theory which highlights the context that individuals are motivated and determined to succeed by seeking out achievement and success. These individuals are more encouraged to succeed at challenging tasks and find meaning in life when they are able to accomplish their targets the best way that they can. This research undertaking looked into the Achievement Motivation level of the psychology majors as it was correlated   with their personality profile as measured by a standardized test Myer- Briggs Type Indicator and the Sixteen Personality Factor, which are reliable and valid instruments. Similarly, this study investigated the relationship between Achievement Motivation and General Weighted Average. The varied dimensions of the Personality tests 16 PF and MBTI were correlated with the GWA and Achievement Motivation respectively to assess how well the distinct personalities of the AB Psychology students enrolled in the Department of Psychology differ from each other in significant way. The chosen respondents of the study consisted of ninety (90) AB Psychology students enrolled in the college.  The research locale of the study is the Tarlac State University, one of the promising SUC in the region and in the entire country with its aim of becoming the premiere state university in the Asia Pacific region.  The Pearson correlation coefficient and the chi- square test of significance were utilized in the interpretation of data  as well as descriptive statistics. Results reveal that there is a significant relationship between Achievement Motivation and the General Weighted Average of the AB Psychology students. This connotes that as the GWA increases the Achievement Motivation of the respondents also increases. On the other hand, results revealed that there is no direct relationship between the Achievement Motivation of the respondents and the personality types based on the Myer-Briggs Type Indicator Test (MBTI). Similarly, the 16 PF Factor Vigilance has significant relationship with General Weighted Average, while Dominance has direct relationship with Achievement Motivation. Analysis of data suggests the following recommendations: The school officials and curriculum planners should prioritize and integrate in the academic and social curriculum the deepening and  strengthening of the unique personality attributes of every learner. To provide avenues for the learner to grow more deeply while maintaining their uniqueness as persons. Knowing that the higher the degree of achievement motivation of the students the higher their grades is as reflected in their General Weighted Average. Thus, the Psychology faculty, whether Junior or Senior is encourage to creatively find ways to strengthen the personality traits and unique qualities of the learners by proactively engaging the students in quality and efficient learning. To be instrumental in the molding of  the  unique psyche of the “would-be” psychologists and psychometricians  who will play a critical role in the country and across the globe.

There is too limited or too few studies have been done in the Philippine setting regarding achievement motivation. Therefore, the researcher recommends that Achievement Motivation be explored more deeply in different school settings and levels as a solution to the dearth of literature on this very important topic which concerns the actors and actresses in the educational scenario – the students.

Keywords: Achievement Motivation, General Weighted Average, Personality Type, Dimensions, Academic Success.

Title: ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION VIS-À-VIS PERSONALITY TYPE: IMPLICATION FOR ACADEMIC SUCCESS

Author: DR. MARIE PAZ  H. ANGELES

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: Monitoring and evaluation system is a fundamental tool in project management aimed at checking whether the projects’ objectives and goals are being achieved. It improves the overall efficiency of project planning, management and implementation. Many of the projects funded or initiated by donors have ended up collapsing either within the project period while others that survived the project period have not proceeded further after the termination of donor support. This has raised the questions; do these projects have a well-designed monitoring and evaluations plan to ensure effective implementation of monitoring and evaluation practices? The purpose of this project was to investigate the factors that influence the implementation of effective monitoring and evaluation in HIV research projects at Project San Francisco (PSF). This study was meant to establish how financial availability, staff participation, management commitment, and relevant skills influence implementation of monitoring and evaluation systems in HIV research projects which are mainly donor funded. The research design that was applied on this study was a survey design where a census of the target population was done using questionnaires as the instruments of data collection. Descriptive statistics was used as the method of data analysis. This study targeted San Francisco project which is internationally funded and has been actively involved in research for the HIV Vaccine. About 103 respondents from Project San Francisco was formally interviewed using structured questionnaires. Briefing, rapport building, and piloting of questionnaires and respondents was done and ensure their efficiency in terms of validity and reliability. The data collected was coded, keyed into SPSS (a computer software database version 21), organized, and cleaned for any errors that might have occurred during data collection. The data was then analyzed using descriptive statistics with aid of the SPSS and Microsoft Excel (computer software). Qualitative statistical techniques were used to describe and summarize data. The results were then interpreted in the form of descriptive statistics which are frequencies and percentages. The findings were presented in form of tables and figures. The findings indicate that management commitment is significantly correlated to implementation of monitoring and evaluation at Project (r=0.347, p<0.01). This implies that management commitment would result to implementation of monitoring and evaluation at Project San Francisco. The study concludes that there is need for management to have commitment towards the success of the project. This will be reflected in terms of staff capacity building efforts, both in staffing and training. The management should give management commitment priority since it is a vital planning tool in project management.

Keywords: Monitoring, evaluation system, HIV research projects.

Title: FACTORS INFLUENCING IMPLEMENTATION OF MONITORING AND EVALUATION IN HIV RESEARCH PROJECTS IN RWANDA: A CASE OF PROJET SAN FRANCISCO (PSF)

Author: JEAN PIERRE NKURANGA, Dr. PATRICK MULYUNGI

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: Most of the SACCO clients are poor women who team up in solidarity groups in order to access credit. But despite the proliferation of so many licensed and unlicensed SACCO institutions for so many years, poverty still remains entrenched among women and their communities. It was reported that overall 27% of the chronically poor households in rural areas are headed by women with women percentage rising 40% in urban setting.  It is not clear whether the services and practices used by SACCO institutions are empowering women economically. The general objective of the research study was examined the effect of Micro-Finance institution on economic empowerment of women in Rwanda; a survey of Byumba SACCO, Izigamire SACCO, Umurabyo SACCO and Imbarutso SACCO. The study was used cross-section research design and enables the researcher to collect data from different categories of respondents. This is a multiple case study Imbarutso sacco, Umurabyo sacco, Izigamire sacco and Byumba sacco.   This study composed of clients and workers of Byumba Sacco, Imbarutso Sacco, Umurabyo Sacco and Izigamire Sacco, and members of the business community in Gicumbi district. The total numbers of the respondents are 250 people. Sample is153 respondents.  Primary data was collected from all respondents using the questionnaire which distributed to the filled in by respondents. Lending program, savings program, investment program and awareness program influence the empowerment of women in Rwanda. R-square is 0.988%, this means that Sacco’s influence women empowerment. The sig value (0.000) less than the level significance (0.05). The F-statistics (F=214.123) is far greater than the P-value (0.000) hence a further confirmation that aspects of lending program, savings program, investment program and awareness program was significantly influenced the women empowerment in Byumba. The finding from the research shows that, working with Sacco’s for women improves the economic independence of majority of women, and enhance their contribution in the household and community. The findings of the study indicate that women in Byumba are empowered by income (used as a proxy for empowerment) generated from investing in loans borrowed from Sacco’s. The study recommends that in order to strengthen the impact of Sacco’s services on empowerment of women in Rwanda, the Sacco’s should train the borrowers on entrepreneurial skills so as to enhance their competence.

Keywords: SACCO institutions, Micro-Finance, economic empowerment.

Title: EFFECT OF SACCOs ON ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN IN RWANDA: A SURVEY OF BYUMBA SACCO, IZIGAMIRE SACCO, UMURABYO SACCO AND IMBARUTSO SACCO

Author: ANATHALIE MUKAMUKAMA, Dr. PATRICK MULYUNGI

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: Public procurement is an important function of any government. The magnitude of procurement outlays has a great impact on the economy and needs to be well managed. The delayed deliveries, poor quality products or services, non-completion of orders and even threats of litigation due to delayed payments is a common scenario experienced by public institutions in Rwanda. Report by RPPA indicates that up to 30% of procurement inefficiencies in the public sector in Rwanda are attributed to supplier’s performance issues. The current public sector monitoring and evaluation processes are not yielding the desired results in terms of meeting operational requirements of public sector institutions on time as a result of the bureaucratic nature of the processes involved and impacts negatively on the performance. The procurement function has not been given the recognition it deserves in developing countries, in most public entities, regardless of the effort by the partners like the World Bank, the International Trade Organization, the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, the World Trade Organization and, others. Generally the study aim is to determine the effectiveness of monitoring and evaluation of public procurement processes and performance of RPPA in Rwanda. The time frame of this study is from 2015-2017. This study adopted a survey research design. The primary data was collected from employees of RPPA Through questionnaire technique. In line with this study, the target population was 30 employees of RPPA. Data was collected by using structured questionnaires. The response was analyzed through SPSS (Statistical Packages of Social Sciences) version 21. The coefficients of model fitness on how monitoring and evaluation of public procurement processes influence performance of RPPA in Rwanda. The performance has an overall correlation with outsourcing of 0.833 which is strong and positive. This means that 83.3% of monitoring and evaluation of public procurement contributed to the performance of RPPA Rwanda. Analysis of Variance shows that f-calculated is greater that f – critical that is 6.301>0.01. This implies that the regression equation was well specified and therefore the co-efficient of the regression shows that there is a strong relationship between two variables. The aim of this study was to explore the monitoring and evaluation of public procurement processes on the RPPA performance. RPPA need to incorporate the monitoring and evaluation of public procurement processes. This will enable them to improve the overall organizational performance. RPPA need to find out ways of encouraging employees to make use of e-procurement systems. If employees are encouraged to use the e-procurement, adoption of the same will greatly improve.

Keywords: Public procurement, economy, public procurement processes, e-procurement systems.

Title: EFFECTIVENESS OF MONITORING AND EVALUATION OF PUBLIC PROCUREMENT PROCESSES AND PERFORMANCE OF RPPA IN RWANDA: A CASESTUDY OF RWANDA PUBLIC PROCUREMENT AUTHORITY (RPPA)

Author: Jane KEMBABAZI, Dr. PATRICK MULYUNGI

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: Most successful projects attribute their survival to effective use of resources and time manage and avoid increase in costs and scope creeping which may result into additional work that is not planned for as well as increasing costs that affect performance of projects. However, some projects have not given much consideration to time and cost management in their project implementation; there is nothing much that is being done to ensure effective use of resources and time due to insufficient information and understanding on the effect of time and cost management on project implementation. The general objective of this research is to assess the effect of time and cost management on project implementation. A research design is the set of methods and procedures used in collecting and analyzing measures of the variables specified in the research problem. In this research, the researcher used a descriptive research design which was based on both quantitative and qualitative data. The populations of this research are 89 employees of sustainable food initiative project located in Kimihurura sector Kigali district. the value of R2 is 0.805. This indicates that there is positive relationship between two variables. This means that approximately 80.5% variations of time and cost management are positive relative to project implementation, at 5% level of significance. the relationship between cost management and project implementation at 5% level of significance. Analysis of Variance shows that f-calculated is greater that f – critical that is 2.301>0.00. The study based on the data presented and analyzed on the assessment of time cost and effective utilization of resources in sustainable food initiative project in Rwanda, concluded from the findings of the research that the major factors are: time management, cost management  and effective utilization of resources has been influenced the project implementation in Rwanda. Based on the conclusion drawn above the following recommendations are hereby proposed: Efforts should be made by the food initiative project team to plan all work operation activities.

Title: THE EFFECT OF TIME AND COST MANAGEMENT ON PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION IN RWANDA; A CASE STUDY OF SUSTAINABLE FOOD INITIATIVE PROJECT

Author: TUMWESIGYE AGGREY, Dr. PATRICK MULYUNGI

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: The purpose of this research was to assess the analysis of  strengths  and opportunities  and performance  of projects and was carried out in sustainable food initiative project as the case study with the following objectives; to identify the contribution of information gathering on the performance  of  in Sustainable food initiative project, to find the influence of identifying strengths on performance  of Sustainable food initiative project  and to establish the role of identifying opportunities on the performance  of sustainable food initiative project. The researcher reviewed both empirical and theoretical literature related to Analysis of strengths and opportunities   on project performance. The research design used was descriptive while the population is 120 employees of sustainable food initiative project and the sample size is 92 respondents selected using purposive and simple random sampling techniques. Data collection tools were questionnaires and interviews while analysis and interpretation was based on percentages and frequencies. The researcher found out that information gathering is carried out in order to assess what can be done in the project in order to improve performance, information gathering in sustainable food initiative project is important in ensuring that the project performs, information gathering in relation to the opportunities that exist in the environment helps improve project performance and that due to analysis of the project strength based on the information gathered, the project has been able to improves its performance by using its strength to become more competitive and performing and identification of project opportunities has contributed a lot to increase in project performance and that analysis of project strength and opportunities contribute to project performance, the better the project scanning in terms of strength an opportunities the better the project performance.  There is a positive relationship between identification of strength and opportunities and project performance. The researcher concluded that information gathering through its attributes contributes to project performance indicated by gathering information related to environment, information related to opportunities from environment, information related to company strengths. It provides the project with the opportunity to know the strength and opportunities that arise from the operational environment and that identifying project strengths in a project contributes to project performance through helping the project to take advantages of opportunities, helping the project to handle environmental challenges, helping the project to perform and helping the project to increase market leverage, indicated by large market share, improved performance, profitability levels and sustainability. The researcher recommended that project implementers should always ensure that they have enough information of the environment in which they perform as well as their internal strength and that projects should always take advantage of their strength to improve performance since it is a major attribute of performance.

Title: ANALYSIS OF OPPORTUNITIES AND STRENGTHS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF PROJECTS; A CASE STUDY OF SUSTAINABLE FOOD INITIATIVE PROJECT GASABO DISTRICT

Author: FRED HIRWA, Dr. PATRICK MULYUNGI

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: Every child has the right to be safe from harm and being protected with adult. Nevertheless, every year the lives and physical, mental and emotional well-being of millions of children around the world are threatened by maltreatment such as abuse, neglect, violence and exploitation. Studies from around the world show that approximately 20 percent of women and 5 to 10 percent of men report having been sexually abused as children.  The most common reasons for children being placed in the institution included death of one or both parents, genocide orphans, abandonment, chronic disease and poverty. The general objective of this study is to examine the effect of deinstitutionalization on child protection in Rwanda. The researcher was used descriptive research design. This study was used both quantitative and qualitative. The target population composed by 114 Children moved from institutions and placed within families. The Sloven’s formula was applied to determine the exact sample size, sample size is 89 population. Children’s preparation, Transition of children from institutions to families and Follow up children’s families influence the Child protection in Nyarugenge District. R-square is 0.929%, this means that deinstitutionalization influence child protection in Nyarugenge District. ANOVA results further show that Children’s preparation, Transition of children from institutions to families and Follow up children’s families explain Child protection in Nyarugenge District. The sig value (0.000) less than the level significance (0.05). The F-statistics (F=214.145) is far greater than the P-value (0.000) hence a further confirmation that aspects of deinstitutionalization was significantly influenced Child protection in Nyarugenge District. Much has been done regarding to the government in the institutions as well as in the community through their district wide approach in implementing the national strategy for child care reform. Professionals have put an effort to make smooth implementation of the childcare reform. This was done through transitioning children from institutions into family-based care and the development of alternatives in respect of the principles of necessity and suitability. Researcher strongly recommended that, different institution including Hope and Homes for Children, (HHC) continuous close collaboration in management meetings concerning NCC/TMM professionals working in the districts where HHC operates. This should be done through various joint meetings and consultations towards common agreement before some resolutions about professionals and their deployment are implemented.

Title: EFFECT OF DEINSTITUTIONALIZATION ON CHILD PROTECTION; A CASE OF NYARUGENGE DISTRICT

Author: ALINE KAYIGANWA, Dr. PATRICK MULYUNGI

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: This study analysed the phenomenon of land conflicts and settlement in Kadama sub county, Kibuku District – Eastern Uganda. The main focus was on the persistence of the land conflicts amongst the Bagwere of Kadama sub county, Kibuku District. A total number of 137 respondents were interviewed, 112 (81.8%) were from Bugwere region, 14 (10.2%) were from outside Bugwere region and only 11 (08.0%) were from outside Uganda. Research findings revealed that 93.4% of the respondents were formally educated ranging from elementary to post-secondary education. The findings further revealed that the sex, age, marital status of the respondents, number of dependants, formal education background, place of origin of the respondents, occupation of the respondents and their duration in Kadama sub county significantly contributed to the land conflicts amongst the Bagwere of Kadama sub county. This was a case study research design involving descriptive method of research. The research findings were analysed using SPSS. Factors such as population pressure 133 (97.08%) deficit in dispute resolution 134 (97.08%), commercialized agriculture 136 (97.27%), Land tenure (82.48%), urbanization 113 (82.48%), corruption and ignorance of the law 129 (94.16%), Deficit in land administration 128 (93.43%) were deemed the major causes of land conflicts. However, deficit in dispute resolutions (97.81%), commercialized agriculture (97.27%) and population pressure on land 97.08% were seen as the primary causes of land conflict in Kadama sub county. These had effect on land conflict whereby land wrangles 49 (35.8%), High crime rate 70 (51%), Internal migration 58 (42%) and witch craft 80 (58%) were the side effects. From the preceding discussion it can be concluded that land conflicts could be settled through government intervention 58% dispute the earlier perception on corruption in all government departments which was a contrast. This could go hand in hand with the judiciary and reconciliation 51.1% much as this had a negative impact of mistrust on the local councils over corruption and unprecedented compromises where imprisonment of some chairpersons to the councils at least to this. There is need to develop clear policies and by- laws to guide and induce the masses to settle their land wrangles amicably.

Keywords: Land Conflicts, Kibuku District, Eastern Uganda.

Title: LAND CONFLICTS AND SETTLEMENT IN KADAMA SUB COUNTY, KIBUKU DISTRICT-EASTERN UGANDA

Author: Kirya Mohammed, Otieno A. Charles, Bageya Godfrey, Elder W. Erisah Ndiwalana

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: Outsourcing of some key functions and activities by organizations has increasingly played an important role in their productivity and performance. While some organizations look at outsourcing as the best way to enhance their organizational productivity and financial performance, others consider in-house production as the best option. This study is justified on the premise that outsourcing has become a trending phenomenon in corporate organizations all over the world. Many institutions in Rwanda in the private and public sector too have embraced this growing business phenomenon to deliver a wide array of products and services to enhance their organizational productivity and performance.  This variance in the way outsourcing is looked at including diversified expectations from various sectors and institutions has created some academic degree of uncertainty, hence, the need to conduct a study to evaluate the impact that outsourcing decisions may have on the organizational performance. The general objective of this research is to determine the impact of outsourcing of specific and identified functions that would otherwise be carried out internally by the EUCL staff on the performance of the organization in pursuit of fulfilling its mandate and strategic objectives. The population of the proposed research will be 60 employees of the Energy Utility Corporation Limited working in various departments, units or sections. The study makes use of a survey questionnaire and an interview guide for collection of both qualitative and quantitative data. The study was collected by using questionnaire technique and both qualitative and quantitative data analysis used.  The researcher used SPSS for data analysis. The overall significance of the regression estimation model. It indicates that the model is significant and explains the relationship between outsourcing and EUCL Performance at 5% level of significance. Results indicate that selling of electricity tokens is the most significant and explains EUCL Performance with a significance level is 0.000 which is less than a p-value of 0.05 and beta value is 0.724. When selling of electricity tokens increases by 1 unit keeping human Resource Functions and Generation Function constant, tokens would increase by 80.2%. The research findings show that outsourcing of some EUCL services has led to reduced operational costs and has also resulted in operational efficiency which translates to increased profits. It is recommended that EUCL should not be contended with the benefits and outsources more services as outsourcing of some services does not yield the expected benefits.

Title: IMPACT OF OUTSOURCING ON THE PERFORMANCE OF UTILITY COMPANIES IN RWANDA; A CASE OF ENERGY UTILITY CORPORATION LIMITED

Author: GERALD FRANCIS YEMUKAMA, Dr. PATRICK MULYUNGI

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: Woman is the heart of human existence on this planet. She plays an important role in the society, but her importance and roles are underestimated all over the world. In the 21st; century majority of poor women are home makers. The elementary reason for this suffering is illiteracy and this creates a hindrance for the women to earn their livelihood. Illiteracy along with social orthodoxy not only adds to the problem but makes it impossible for the women to work outside. The general objective of this study is to assess the role of women participation on socio-economic development of Rwanda. The study used descriptive research design.  This method aims at collecting data from a sample and later generalizes the findings to the target population in relation to the researcher’s interest. The target population under this study consists of 382 women who are members of Ibyiringiro cooperative in Musanze District. The sample size of this study is 196 women memembwes of Ibyiringiro cooperative. The views women members of Ibyiringiro cooperative in Musanze District on how they appreciate the participation in decision on socio-economic development of Rwanda. Their perception shows that 100% they appreciated their participation on executive organs, legislative organs and judiciary organs. The perception of respondents the role of women participation in community development programs on socio-economic development of Rwanda. women perception shows that 100% of women participate and get involved in the activities of Vision 2020 Umurenge Program, get involved in Girinka Munyarwanda interventions, involved in cooperatives and community development associations, involved in savings and credit cooperatives, involved in savings and credit cooperatives and get involved in community work known as umuganda. Based on the outcomes of the study, the role of women participation on socio-economic development of ibyiringiro cooperative in musanze is significant. Women’s participation in various forums and committees is well recognized in Musanze District, especially in Ibyiringiro cooperative in Musanze District. Rwanda’s Constitution stipulates an affirmative action policy for women’s representation which has been instrumental for increased share of women in politics and decision-making. However the affirmative action policy needs to be strengthened at the lower structures of government. It is recommended that the Government explore the possibility of enforcing an affirmative action policy in training, entry into tertiary education and other areas relevant for women’s economic empowerment.

Title: THE ROLE OF WOMEN PARTICIPATION ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF RWANDA; A CASE OF IBYIRINGIRO COOPERATIVE IN MUSANZE DISTRICT

Author: KANSIIME.A. JACKLINE, Dr. PATRICK MULYUNGI

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: The effects Investigate-Discuss (ID), Predict-Discuss-Investigate-Discuss (PDID) and Teacher Demonstration (TD) on conceptual and computational knowledge of 359 (214 male and 145 female) senior secondary school two (SS2) chemistry students were investigated. The influence of students’ mathematical ability and gender were examined on students’ conceptual and computational knowledge. A quasi experimental research design of pre-test post-test control group was employed. The subjects were randomly sampled from nine secondary schools in two Education Districts in Lagos State, Nigeria and were assigned to experimental and control groups. The students were engaged in eight weeks of practical activities on contents of electrolysis, chemical kinetics, chemical equilibrium and redox reactions using operational guides of ID, PDID and TD as applicable to each school. Three validated and reliable research instruments were used; Mathematical Ability Test (MAT), Conceptual Knowledge Test (CKT) and Computational Ability Test. The MAT was used to classify the students into low, medium and high mathematical ability levels while CKT and CAT assessed students’ conceptual and computational knowledge, respectively. The instruments were pre and post administered to the students two days after the treatment. The findings showed main significant effect of treatment on ID for conceptual knowledge and PDID for computational knowledge. There were significant main effects of students’ mathematical ability, gender and interaction effect of treatment and mathematical ability on computational knowledge. The use of ID and PDID modes of inquiry-based learning are recommended for chemistry learning in secondary schools to promote conceptual and computational knowledge.

Keywords: Inquiry-based Learning, Gender, Mathematical Ability, Conceptual knowledge, Computational knowledge. 

Title: EFFECTS OF INQUIRY-BASED LEARNING STRATEGIES ON SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ CONCEPTUAL AND COMPUTATIONAL KNOWLEDGE IN CHEMISTRY

Author: IKEOLUWA FOLASADE ADEOYE

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: Many corporate organizations offer employee welfare services such as employee economic support in different forms as a way of either motivating their employees or improving their productivity. However, little information is known about such services by all the stakeholders in NGOs. The general purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between employee economic support and performance of non-governmental organizations in Kenya. The specific objective of the study were:  explore the relationship between employee economic support and performance of NGOs in Kenya. The study is likely to aid the NGO’s management boards, policy makers in government, human resource management professionals and scholars and researchers in policy formulation for employee welfare practices to improve performance of NGOs in Kenya. The study  employed both correlational and descriptive survey designs. The fundamental model shaping this study was multiple  linear regression model. The target population of the study was over 14,283 employees working in 7,004 registered NGOs in Kenya. The sample size of the study was 372 respondents comprising employees in junior management totaling 242, middle management at 97 and top management staffs at 33, who were chosen by simple random stratified sampling technique. Primary data was collected using both questionnaires and interviews. Data was analyzed using the Statistical Packages for Social Sciences. The main findings of the study indicated that employee   economic support influenced the performance of NGOs in Kenya. Further, according to the study, 37.2% of performance of NGOs in Kenya was explained by this variable.  In addition, the study also found that there was a positive linear relationship between the employee economic support and performance of NGOs in Kenya.  Finally, the study contributed to theory and knowledge to all the stakeholders and to society.  The study had limitations, that is, the respondents were not consistent and the sample size of the study was limited in scope. The study concluded that employee economic support had a significant positive relationship with performance of NGOs in Kenya and recommended that a policy on other employee economic support services such as subsidized loans from banks, mortgages and other financial facilities for employee personal development be considered and adopted by NGO management boards. This is likely to motivate employees to work better and with determination to enhance performance of NGOs in Kenya.

Keywords: Employee Economic support, Performance.

Title: RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EMPLOYEE ECONOMIC SUPPORT AND PERFORMANCE OF NGOs IN KENYA

Author: Protus Atsali Lumiti, Dr. Susan Wekesa, Dr. Mary Omondi, Prof. George Otieno Orwa

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: Past research done on employee, welfare indicates that, employee welfare practices such as provision of recreational facilities give employees a higher satisfaction with their jobs, high commitment towards the organization, high motivation to serve the public and strong intentions to work for the organization willingly and devotedly. This study focuses on the relationship between employee welfare practices and performance in non-governmental organizations in Kenya. The specific objective of the study was to assess the relationship between recreational facilities at the work place on performance of NGOs in Kenya. The study is likely to aid the NGOs management boards, policy makers in government, human resource professionals and scholars and researchers in policy formulation on recreational facilities at work place in order to improve performance of NGOs in Kenya. The study  employed both correlational and descriptive survey designs. The fundamental model shaping this study was  linear regression model. The target population of the study was over 14,283 employees of NGOs in Kenya. The sample size of the study was 372 respondents comprising junior management at 242, middle management at 97 and top management staffs at 33 chosen by simple random stratified sampling technique. Primary data was collected using both questionnaires and interviews. Data was analyzed using the Statistical Packages for Social Sciences. The main findings of the study suggested that recreational facilities at the work place had relationship with performance of NGOs in Kenya. According to the study, 35.8% of performance of NGOs in Kenya was explained by this variable. In addition, the study found that there was a significant linear relationship between recreational facilities at work place and performance of NGOs in Kenya. Finally, the study also contributed to theory and knowledge for humanity. The study had limitations, that is, the respondents were not consistent and the sample size of the study was limited in scope. The study concluded that recreational facilities at the work place had a significant positive relationship with performance of NGOs in Kenya and recommended that a policy on recreational facilities at work place be considered and adopted.  The study concluded that the policy document should consider other recreational facilities at workplace areas such as increased play areas, be gender sensitive in designing the facilities and also encourage optimum utilization of the facilities. The provision of facilities would assist in making employees work with drive; enhance positive work attitude and employee development. It would further bring employees together and make them healthy and happy. This would ultimately lead to employee productivity, keep them physically and mentally fit which in turn help them in their personal mental and physical development and hence improve performance of NGOs.

Keywords: Recreational facilities at the work place and Performance.

Title: RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RECREATIONAL FACILITIES AT WORKPLACE AND PERFOMANCE OF NGOs IN KENYA

Author: Protus Atsali Lumiti, Dr. Susan Wekesa, Dr. Mary Omondi, Prof. George Otieno Orwa

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Research Publish Journals