Vol 5 Issue 2 April 2017-June 2017

Abstract: Both the US and the UK societies are split in every imaginable way and yet they are extremely powerful. Both have two coexisting and mutually antagonistic democracies, the populist and the liberal. Both have developed two simultaneous and contradictory forms of government: one that upholds human rights and the rule of law and another that uses the concept of national security and the secret services to make sure that suspected terrorists can be eliminated offstage and without trial – with UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles). This paper traces the development of US/UK’s Janus-faced democracy by focusing on the legacy of two pieces of legislation which were drafted as a reaction to the 9/11 attacks: the USA PATRIOT Act 2001 and the UK Anti-terrorism, Crime and Security Act 2001.

Keywords: Binary oppositions, binarisation, doubling, parthenogenesis, Robert Jay Lifton, dualism, human rights, Guantanamo, Belmarsh, Bletchley Park , Snowden, NSA, GCHQ, Baroness Hale, Lord Bingham, Lord Hoffmann, Human Rights Act 1998, Articles 3, 5 & 15 of the European Convention of Human Rights, USA PATRIOT Act 2001, UK Anti-terrorism, Crime and Security Act 2001, Draft Communications Data Bill 2012, Snoopers’ Charter, Investigatory Powers Bill 2015, Investigatory Powers Act 2016, state of emergency, national security, war on terror, psychosis, disproportionality, Article 42.7 of the Lisbon Treaty, NATO’s Article 5, secret services, spy agencies, cyberspace, infosphere, Litvinenko, polonium 210, James Bond, Jekyll & Hyde, Isis, al-Qaeda.

Title: Guantanamo/Belmarsh and the Horror of Performative Memes

Author: Fred Perez

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Social empowerment is a process of awareness and capacity building that leads women to participate in decision making, to develop self-confidence and interpersonal relationships and to control over use of money. The participation of women in Self Help Groups (SHGs) has made a significant impact on their social empowerment. Thus, the present study addresses the social empowerment of Bodo women SHG members in Udalguri district of Assam. The main purpose of this study is to examine whether Bodo women’s membership in self-help groups significantly impacted their social empowerment. The data, which required for the present study was collected using a well structured and pre-tested interview schedule targeting Self Help Group members. From the assessment of various criteria of social empowerment, the study indicated a remarkable improvement in the status of Bodo women SHG members. The impact of membership among Bodo women is commendable in their self-confidence, literacy development, interpersonal relationships and increased participation in decision making and to control over use of money.

Keywords: Social Empowerment, Self-Help Groups, Bodo Women.

Title: Social Empowerment of Bodo Women through Self-Help Groups in Udalguri District, Assam: An Impact Assessment

Author: Ms. Mainao Brahma, Dr. K. Devan

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Towards the end of 2011, after a number of events which included the kidnapping of two foreigners and the killing of another in the resorts on the Kenyan east coast, the abduction of two Spanish aid workers from the Dadaab refugee camp, near the Kenya-Somalia border, and the attack against Kenyan soldiers in cross-border raids there was a lot of concern by the Kenyan government over the issue of terrorism. The Kenyan government decided that the national security had to be upheld and this consequently led to the decision to intervene in the state of Somalia, to flush out the Al Shabaab terrorist group largely blamed for the terror attacks in Kenya. In this article we shall try to analyze if Kenya was justified in its decision, if the reasons linked to the insecurity caused by Al Shabaab in the Horn of Africa region, were sufficient to warrant the military intervention in Somalia, the International law perspective and United Nations Charter with respect to the intervention in the unstable state of Somalia.

Keywords: Terrorism, Intervention, Al Shabaab.

Title: Kenya’s Military Intervention in Somalia: Was it justified?

Author: Omedo Wycliffe, Muhatia Jackline, Clement Naimi-Caroline, Kahara Wambui, Ng’eno, KWA

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Research Publish Journals

Abstract: This paper is part of a bigger research which aimed at assessing the financial costs and benefits of adopting World Health Organization’s (WHO’s) Farm Based Risk Reduction Measures (FBRRMs). The study focused on exploring the characteristics of the vegetable farmers and their farms and its influence on adopting FBRRMs and other acceptable farming methods. In all, the study considered a total of 148 vegetable farmers distributed proportionally across ten vegetable farming sites in Kumasi Metropolis. Qualitative and quantitative methods were employed complementarily in order to better explain the findings of the study. This study revealed that Metropolis farmers disregard potential health risk associated with wastewater and constantly use it for irrigation. Farmers (68 percent) “unintentionally” comply with FBRRM by using sedimentation ponds. This is even compromised as farmers step in sedimentation ponds to fetch water for irrigation. Analysis further shows that factors such as educational level of farmers, land tenure system, cost of adoption and among others are factors that determine vegetable farmers adoption of FBRRMs. The study concludes that effective monitoring of irrigation practices should be done by responsible institutions to ensure that acceptable standard of water is used for farming.

Keywords: Urban Agriculture; Kumasi; Farm Based Risk Reduction Measures; Farmers; Vegetables; World Health Organization.

Title: Adopting Farm Based Risk Reduction Measures in Developing Countries: An Assessment of Influential Factors in Kumasi Metropolis

Author: Nyantakyi Osei-Adu, Isaac Kwadwo Nkrumah

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Research Publish Journals

Abstract: The paper is prepared by United States University-Africa (USIU-A) students: Waweru Keziah W., Kirenge Sidi G., Cheche Makena Knight, Toywa Sylvia and USIU-A lecturer Ng'eno KWA. The article seeks to assess whether or not the use of religious profiling as a mechanism to fight terrorism has been effective. It begins by separately analyzing terrorism, the fight against terrorism and religious profiling, by providing a brief background of the terms. It then investigates the connection between the fight against terrorism and religious profiling, and how this manifests itself. Two case studies, from a developing and developed country, are then provided to give context to the topic under analysis, and lastly the paper provides a critical summary on the negative effects of religious profiling to the fight against terrorism. Through this paper we seek to demystify the common perception that terrorism is a preserve of the Islamic minorities, by illustrating the outcome of such perceptions to the overall fight against terrorism.

Keywords: Terrorism, Religion, Islam, Security, Kenya, France, United States and Profiling.

Title: Effects of Religious Profiling on the Fight against Terrorism

Author: Waweru Keziah W, Kirenge Sidi G, Cheche Makena Knight, Toywa Sylvia, Ng’eno Weldon

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Research Publish Journals

Abstract: The world has become increasingly interconnected and interdependent. Globalization has affected our economic, social, and cultural life significantly. Due to globalization people are migrating for their jobs to different parts of world and even in India we have migrants. Due to this migration the dynamics of classrooms are changing. The classrooms are becoming multicultural and diverse. These students are to be prepared for fulfilling the productive lives in the 21st century. The schools are integrating global learning across the curriculum, enabling students to gain global knowledge while learning essential 21st century skills and developing as engaged citizens. These schools are working towards preparing global citizens who are having the global skills to compete and sustain in the international world. The teacher education on the other hand is still moving with its traditional mode. We need to change with the changing times. We find a gap between the skills needed in the teachers for facing the diverse class and the skills the teacher education is providing. There is a need to bridge this gap. The teacher education programme should now move from fulfilling local needs to global needs. Teachers who have learned how to embed global perspectives and issues into their curriculum can facilitate a learning environment that encourages students to be engaged in their own education while preparing for their global future. The teachers should be ready and prepared to embrace the challenge of educating for global competence. Nowadays the teachers have lots of job opportunities available in the international market too. Teacher education institutions should equip the future teachers to be equipped with all the global skills to make them competent in the international market. This paper focuses on the role of teacher education institutions to prepare teachers of tomorrow to integrate global competence into their thinking and teaching. We need to shift our focus from local to global as today’s teachers are expected to live and work in a multicultural society. The skills, knowledge, and dispositions to help students acquire the perspectives necessary for their roles in a globally interdependent world are requisite for successful teaching today. The author attempts to discuss how the Teacher Preparation for the Global Age should Look Like?

Keywords: Globalization, Integrating Global Learning across the Curriculum, Enabling Students.

Title: Globally Competent Teacher Education

Author: Dr. Rina Godara

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Research Publish Journals

Abstract: That woman plays a significant and crucial role in agricultural development and allied fields including in the main crop production, livestock production, horticulture, postharvest operations, agro social forestry, fisheries, etc. is a fact long taken for granted but also long ignored. The nature and extent of women s involvement in agriculture, no doubt, varies greatly from region to region. Even within a region, their involvement varies widely among different ecological sub-zones, farming systems, castes, classes and stages in the family cycle. But regardless of these variations, there is hardly any activity in agricultural production, except plugging in which women are not actively involved. In some of the farm activities like processing and storage, women predominate so strongly that men workers are numerically insignificant. (Agawam 2003) Studies on woman in agriculture conducted in India and other developing and under developed countries all point to the conclusion that woman contribute far more too agriculture production than has generally been acknowledged. Recognition of their crucial role in agriculture should not obscure the fact that farm woman continues to be concerned with their primary function as wives, mother and homemakers.

Present study was conducted in two blocs of district Satna with 120 farm women. There are three measure area of participation of farm women in agricultural activities.

Keywords: crop production, livestock production, horticulture, postharvest operations, agro social forestry, fisheries.

Title: Socio-Economic Status and Participation of Farm Women in Various Agricultural Practices in Satna (M.P.)

Author: Rudrajay Mishra, A.K. Gupta

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Research Publish Journals

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to assess the adequacy of federal government’s budgetary allocations on the provision of office accommodation to academic staff in federal public universities in North-Central Zone of Nigeria. Apart from extracting relevant Documents relating to budgetary allocations from the sampled universities, a descriptive research design was employed and data was collected from university Vice-Chancellors, bursary staff, lecturers and students from the five sampled federal universities. While all the 5 Vice-Chancellors were considered, a sample of 101 out of 254 bursary staff was sampled. In addition, 437 lecturers out of 2,912 were also sampled, 50 students were purposively sampled. The research instruments employed for data collection were questionnaires for bursary staff and lecturers, interview guide for university Vice-Chancellors, and Focus Group Discussion Guide for university students. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were employed to analyze the data. The findings from the field and documents showed that universities budgetary allocations for the provision of academic staff offices were only 8.9 percent of their capital allocations in 2014.. In addition, a simple regression model showed that budgetary allocations to universities influence the provisions of academic staff offices. Furthermore, it was discovered that 72.1 percent of academic staff shared offices with negative effect on their performance and productivity in their official duties. The study recommended among others that an effective reward system should be developed so that efficient managers will have more funds to build more offices for their academic staff, in addition, budgetary allocations to universities should be increased by government so that universities will have more allocations to construct academic staff offices.

Keywords: Government’s Budgetary Allocations, Office Accommodation.

Title: Assessing The Adequacy of Federal Government’s Budgetary Allocations on the Provision of Office Accommodation to Academic Staff in Nigeria’s North-Central Zone Federal Universities

Author: Augustine Sambo Azi, Dr. Andrew Riechi, Dr. Ibrahim Khatete

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Research Publish Journals

Abstract: India is one of the countries to make education a fundamental right of children ,when the Act of making education a fundamental right between age 6-14 has been implemented on 1st April 2010.The Act also facilitates education of persons with disabilities until 18 years of age by a separate legislation. Kerala, the first state with complete literacy deserves special attention in the education as well as employment levels of disabled children. The present study focus on  such issues based on a representative sample, the result of which helps to generalize the Kerala experience. Social inclusion of differently abled students and their educational attainments has been analyzed by conducting the case study of School for the Blind, Keezhmad, Aluva which is a pioneer in the field of special schools in Kerala. Visually impaired and both visually as well as mentally challenged were subjected to the survey. The study also take into account of the financial as well as parental & orphan status of students along with assessing the academic and non academic abilities of disabled students. Surely, the study leads to a global campaign of education for disabled, leading to special care for the welfare of socially excluded sections of the society.

Keywords: separate legislation, Social inclusion.

Title: Social Inclusion of Differently Abled Students and Their Educational Attainments: A Case Study of Visually Impaired

Author: Dr. SREEJA. S.

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Research Publish Journals

Abstract: The complementarity principle serves as one of the key pillars justifying the establishment of the International Criminal Court. The principle presupposes that the primary responsibility of the court is to ensure competent national jurisdictions that can adequately prosecute international crimes. While the Court has been widely involved in the continent its complementary effects have been marginal. Most countries continue to have domestics systems that would fall short of the threshold set out by the Rome statute. The article assesses the challenges faced by the principle of complementarity and the effectiveness of the court on the continent. The study argues that the principle of complementarity has not lead to adequate strengthening of domestic legislations and justice systems on the continent. Self-referrals by several African states presuppose that the principle has had a marginal effect in deterring and preventing the commission of international crimes. The article also points out the dangers of politicizing the ICC process. This has the potential to disrupt the process of ending the culture of impunity. The article concludes by restating the need to apply the complementarity principle in good faith as intended by the founding fathers of the Rome statute.

Keywords: ICC, complementarity, International Criminal law, Africa.

Title: Positive Complementarity in Africa, a Dream or Reality? An Analytical Study of the Consequences of the ICC Process in Kenya

Author: Atuza David Tuhoye, Felix Opilli, Noelle Mutta, Weldon Ng’eno

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Kenya has satisfied the qualifications of a state under the 1648 Westphalia Treaty, Kenya can fully participate in the international arena. Foreign policy forms an integral part of international relations because it forms the basis of interaction with the international community. Over the years Kenya’s behavior has been multifaceted, which has been attributed to the complexities, contradictions and changing dynamics, it has been celebrated by some and condemned by others. This paper explores the interplay between state leadership and the intriguing implications it has had on Kenya’s foreign policy engagement. The paper argues that the idiosyncratic variables of a state leader and the external environment triggered the foreign policy direction of a state.

Keywords: Foreign Policy, dynamics, politics and implications.

Title: Kenya’s Foreign Policy Trajectory: The Politics of Changing Regimes

Author: Elizabeth Achieng’, Lucy Mutuku, David Sinda, Dennis Mwendwa, Ng’eno Kwa

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Research Publish Journals

Abstract: In this paper I am offering the reader a conceptual framework for terror that is totally different from the traditional one attributed to terrorism. Among our expanding gallery of experts, terrorism experts are those trained to the highest level of professional incompetence when it comes to dealing with terror attacks. Unlike terrorism, which focuses on hidden networks and requires costly technologies and specialised knowledge (say, network analysis, group surveillance, infiltration), terror works on the side of reception as a magnifier of the terror act after it has been committed.

Keywords: Binary oppositions, binarisation, dualism, human rights, Guantanamo, Belmarsh, GCHQ, US PATRIOT Act 2001, UK Anti-terrorism, Crime and Security Act 2001, Draft Communications Data Bill 2012, Snoopers’ Charter, Investigatory Powers Bill 2015, Investigatory Powers Act 2016, spy agencies, secrecy, terror, terrorism, Lee Rigby, Khalid Masood, Mohammed Emwazi, Jihadi John, James Bond.

Title: Conceptual Distinction between Terror and Terrorism

Author: Fred Perez

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Research Publish Journals

Abstract: This article engages in the development debate and whether culture inhibits development or whether culture is in fact a driver of development. It focuses on specific Kenyan communities and what they consider as a way of life and heritage, how these heritages have inhibited the quest to development. Cultural practices are often seen to be legitimizing context of tradition; however, they may not be sustainable developmental practices in the modern world. Issues of climate change, resource conflict and the increase of crime have rendered this rudimentary and backward. To explore the development agendas of these communities, the paper specifically looks at the three human development indicators and how structures of the traditional societies clash with the modern structures. The conclusion is that instead of development actors discouraging such a way of life, they can actually incorporate policies that would take advantage of these traditional structures as it brings a sense of ownership.

Keywords: Culture, Development, Kenya.

Title: Impact of Culture on Human Development: An Analysis of Select Kenyan Communities

Author: Bwire Sabina, Gathoni Kimani, Idris Mohamud , Kihumba Lewis,  Wanjiru Hinga

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Research Publish Journals

Abstract: The theme of this paper focuses on the woman authors in the English literature and their influential writing as well. A brief overview of the woman writers .The most important women authors will be represented. The paper will also explore the economic, social, political and other circumstances that determined their writing and try to represent their lives, their struggles, their writing and the styles they used.

On the other hand, Gender plays an important role in the lives of human beings, starting at the moment of their birth when they are given a blue blanket or a pink blanket as well as whether  to play with a ball or a doll  and sent forward on a path that will turn them into what their culture considers proper men or women. From the very first breaths, humans were taught to follow a strict code of behavior that differs depending on their sex. In a patriarchal society, this often means that a male will lead a privileged life in which he has  thought to be the standard for human experience and the female will lead a subjugated, subservient life in which she is defined only in relation to males.

Moreover, The opinion on the feminine issues depended on the economical and living conditions that women writers went through, their education, opinions on the civilization, social environment, the attitude toward tradition and the issue of women‘s independence.

Keywords: civilization, social environment, Female Writers' Contributions.

Title: Female Writers' Contributions in Enriching the English Literature

Author: Eqbal Abdullah Al farhan

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Globalization encompasses the extension of culture outwards. This is to the limit, which is referred to as the global culture. Globalization is the process through which cultures have become incorporated and integrated into one dominant culture. The emergence of the globalization has been attributed to the vast development in technology and the rapid growth of state economies. Modernization is viewed as being the static, fixed and closed need to deal with disorder. This paper reviews the existing literature on the extent to which the tools of globalization and modernization have had an impact on the African culture. This paper will also highlight the perspectives that concern the extent to which globalization and modernization tools have promoted cultural development and as to whether this has led to the displacement of indigenous cultural values and practices.

Keywords: Globalization, modernization, culture, global society, local culture.

Title: Globalization and Modernization An overview of the Impacts on the African Culture

Author: Njeru Violet, Kagotho Diana, Mathu Grace, Mwaniki Milly, Ngari Madonna, Ngeno Weldon

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Research Publish Journals