Vol 6 Issue 2 April 2018-June 2018

Abstract: Public organizations serve social interest, to provide public services with an aim to meet the interests and needs of citizens and business entities. Every organization wants to survive and grow in a constantly changing and competitive environment. To do so, it must respond and adjust to the social, economic and political environmental changes that occur. In most public organizations, especially in the Kicukiro District, strategic plans are not carried out and implemented properly. Some public organizations do not attach any importance to strategic planning and therefore do not have strategic plans practices for their organizations. This could be borne out of lack of appreciation and knowledge of the relevance of strategic planning to organizational performance. The purpose of this research was to examine the role of strategic planning practices in the performance of public organizations in Rwanda. This study was used a descriptive research design, where qualitative and quantitative approach was used in order to describe the role of strategic planning practices in the performance of Kicukiro District. The target population for this study is 102 employees of Kicukiro District and sample size is 81 employees. The Simple random sampling was applied within each stratum. Researcher questionnaires technique as data collection instrument and has used Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) for data analysis. The performance has an overall correlation with strategic practices of 0.743 which is strong and positive. Analysis of Variance shows that f-calculated is greater that f – critical that is 6.301>0.01. This implies that the regression equation was well specified and therefore the co-efficient of the regression shows that there is a strong relationship between strategic planning practices and district performance. Pearson correlation coefficient, (r=0.754) shows that there is a positive and high correlation relationship between strategic planning practices and district performance where the P-value (0.000<0.05). The conducted study confirmed that application of strategic planning in public organizations in helps staffs of district to manage public organizations in a more responsible manner. Based on the results of the empirical study, researcher concluded that the research objectives are well achieved and three sub variables define the performance measurement. All public sector organizations must adopt the culture of strategically planning their operations and the Government and for that matter the governing authority should be part of the exercise and ensure timely approval and release of resources for the formulation and implementation of strategic plans.

Title: THE ROLE OF STRATEGIC PLANNING PRACTICES ON PERFORMANCE OF PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS IN RWANDA (A CASE STUDY KICUKIRO DISTRICT)

Author: MWIZERWA VINCENT, DR. PATRICK MULYUNGI, GERARD RURANGWA

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: Arson attacks in secondary schools in Kenya are slowly beginning to get institutionalized thus causing a lot of concern amongst the affected students and stakeholders. The causes of these attacks are varied and unclear. This paper presents a summary of findings of a study in seven randomly selected Counties whose key objective among others was to examine the underlying causes of these school arson attacks and draw policy implications on education in Kenya based on the findings. The study was founded on the conflict and consensus theories. A sample of 1850 respondents: 50 head teachers, 300 teachers, 1000 pupils and 500 parents participated in the study. Questionnaires, interviews, observations and focus group discussions were used as research instruments to generate data. The obtained data was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Some of the findings were that the school dormitories were the major targets of the arson attacks. The reasons advanced by the respondents for such attacks were varied although most of them pointed at five main causes: students’ open dislike for boarding and its facilities; high-handedness of school administrators; fear for sitting for examinations; students perceived second term as too long; inadequate food at school and finally medias’ sensational reporting of school arson attacks. The study concludes that the measures undertaken by the authorities were neither pertinent nor exhaustive enough to forestall future arson attacks. In this regard, a calm situation which emerges after the resumption of classes appears deceptive since students wait for the most opportune time to attack. The following recommendations which were based on the findings and have a bearing on policy were made : Newly appointed principals to understudy senior and successful  colleagues; delink and privatize boarding facilities; Restructure the school calendar to be more friendly to students; infuse practical skills and internship to university curriculum; medias’ sensational reporting on school strikes or arson  need to be toned down; quantity and quality of food for students to be increase ;Quality Assurance and Standard’s department in the MoE to intensify school supervision for quality education to be enhanced; Principals to be retooled on the management and administrative skills; police stations to be constructed near learning institutions as a deterrent strategy; increasing parental and students’ involvement in school management and employment of guidance and counseling teachers for addressing students’ concerns. 

Keywords: Arson attacks, secondary schools, destruction of property, school stakeholders, supervision, school management.

Title: Escalation of Arson Attacks in Secondary Schools and Policy Implications for Education in Kenya

Author: Prof. Kisilu Kombo, Naom K. Ondicho, Annah Jepketer

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: This current study aims to compare the direct and the audio-lingual method to find out which one of them is more useful to teach the speaking skill for college-level students studying general English course at the College of Technology at Arrass, Saudi Arabia. Two classes were selected; the first one was taught by the audio-lingual method while the other one was taught by the direct method. Both groups were tested before and after the study. The pre-test results demonstrated that there wasn’t any distinction between the two classes in their speaking competence. The post-test embodied that there was a significant difference in the speaking competence between the two classes. Students who were taught by using the audio-lingual method scored higher grades compared to counterparts in the other class. The results prove that teaching the speaking skill in the framework of the audio-lingual method is better than the direct method.

Keywords: Audio Lingual Method, Direct Method, Speaking Skills.

Title: A Contrastive Study of the Direct Method and Audio-Lingual Method in Teaching English Speaking Skills

Author: Dr. Abdullah M.A. Alhomaidan

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: Citizen Participation in governance under the 2010 constitution gives the residents of each county the right to be involved in determining their socio economic wellbeing. This would positively influence the performance of county governments. This research sought to study role of citizen participation in performance of devolved government: a case of Laikipia County. Specifically, the study sought to: - analyze the role of citizen participation in project identification on devolved government performance; assess the role of citizen participation in budgetary process on devolved government performance; and determine the role of citizen participation in social audit on devolved government performance in Laikipia County Government. The study findings provide knowledge on the role of citizen participation in performance of the county government since this has not been extensively assessed, the concept of devolved government being a new phenomenon. The study is of importance to policy makers in the Government (National and County Government) in matters of planning and policy formulation regarding enhancing performance in service delivery. Descriptive research design was used in this study whose target population was the village elders, ward administrators and the general public in Laikipia East Constituency. The sample size was selected using multi stage random sampling technique to identify respondents. Data was collected using both secondary and primary data collection methods. Primary data collection tools were self-administered questionnaires and interviews, while journals, text books, and internet were used to collect secondary data. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 23 and was presented using frequency tables and graphs. The role of citizen participation was assessed in terms of how it affects efficient allocation of resources, accountability and reduction of corruption and equity in service delivery. It was found that the participation of citizens has been minimal and the resulting influence on the devolved service delivery negligible. In conclusion, there has been dismal impact of citizen participation, therefore devolved governments should develop a capacity needs assessment tool and a citizen capacity development plan in order to leap the optimum benefits of citizen participation. This is due to the fact that an informed citizenry would be in a position to effectively participate in projects identification, budgeting, and in social audit.

Keywords: CITIZEN, PERFORMANCE, SERVICE DELIVERY.

Title: ROLE OF CITIZEN PARTICIPATION IN PERFORMANCE OF SERVICE DELIVERY OF DEVOLVED GOVERNMENTS: A CASE OF LAIKIPIA COUNTY

Author: MILKA KARIUKI, DR EPHANTUS KIHONGE

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: Health Insurance in the Presidential Regulation no. 12 of 2013 stated about the health protection, where the participants may obtain several health care and protection benefits in meeting their basic health needs, this is given to every individual who has paid the premium or if the premium are paid by the government. The National Health Insurance Program launched by the government aims to ensure that the entire citizens of Indonesia receive fair and equitable health protection on the principle of mutual cooperation and cross-subsidy. This research examined socialization and business entity's understanding towards compliance and its impact on the payment of premium at BPJS Kesehatan South Jakarta branch office by using primary data with questionnaire method towards 100 private business entities registered at the South Jakarta branch office. The result of this research analysis indicated that the variable of presidential regulation socialization have a positive and significant effects towards the understanding of business entity, a positive and significant effect towards compliance, but no significant effect towards BPJS premium payment. The variable of business entity's understanding has a positive and significant effect on compliance, but no significant effect on BPJS premium payment. The compliance variable has a positive and significant effect on the variable of BPJS premium payment, the compliance variable has also proved on mediating the correlation between the effect of presidential regulation socialization towards the payment of premium, and on mediating the correlation between the effects of business entity's understanding towards BPJS premium payment.

Keywords: presidential regulation socialization, payment of premium, compliance, BPJS Kesehatan

Title: THE EFFECT OF SOCIALIZATION AND BUSINESS ENTITY’S UNDERSTANDING TOWARDS COMPLIANCE AND ITS IMPACT ON BPJS PREMIUM PAYMENT (AT BPJS KESEHATAN SOUTH JAKARTA BRANCH)

Author: Maulida Sinamo

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: The legal adjudication by courts is now facing an increasing numbers of cases from time to time. As a result, this method of dispute resolution is now likely incapable of delivering the goods because of time consumption and expense. Thus, the need has been felt for quite some time for alternative modes of dispute resolution. Nowadays practice, Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) has become an effective dispute resolution and people praise it due to its ability to provide solutions by using different tools, rather than by using one tool to fit all needs. From Islamic law point of view, the practice of Al-Sulh as one method of the ADR. Sulh is one suggestion that has been enacted by Al-Qur'an, Al-Sunnah and Ijma’. This paper is explaining the Alternative Dispute Resolution in the view of Islamic law. It is proposed that since early era of Islam, ADR had been practiced through Sulh practice.

Keywords: the Alternative Dispute Resolution, Sulh, Islamic Law.

Title: Alternative Dispute Resolution in Islamic Law: Analysis on the Practice of Sulh

Author: Hisham Hanapi, Mohd Izzat Amsyar Mohd Arif

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to report the findings of a study, which sought to elicit government secondary school teachers’ views about the role of head teachers in selected aspects of school improvement such as school policy making, instructional leadership and community mobilization. The study also looks at the challenges head teachers face in attaining the objectives of school improvement. The study is descriptive in nature. The population of the study includes government secondary school teachers working in district Shikarpur; Pakistan. Two hundred fourteen (214) teachers were selected randomly from secondary schools. A tailor made questionnaire was used to elicit the views of teachers about effectiveness of head teachers’ role. The data was analyzed by using mean and standard deviation. Major findings of the study reveal that majority of secondary schools do not have a policy documents on admission, curriculum implementation, discipline and assessment. This trend shows that schools are working without any documented policy. Teachers were of the opinion that head teachers unable to maintain school environment favorable for learning. Teachers mean score in items relating to feedback and professional development advocates their discontent from the role of head teachers. HTs rarely support teachers in their professional grooming and provide them supportive feedback. Regarding professional relationship, teachers mean score indicated their discomfort. School management committee is not so active and empowered to take decisions in school. In the light of the findings the study suggested to formulate job descriptions (JDs) for head teachers and rigorous training and exposure in different aspects of school improvement.

Keywords: Head Teachers, Role, School Improvement, Government Secondary School.

Title: Role of Head Teachers in Selected Dimensions of School Improvement As Perceived By Government Secondary School Teachers in Sindh Pakistan

Author: Nadir Hussain Bhayo, Dr. Shahid Mughal, Gul Muhammad Rind

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of guerrilla marketing strategy on performance of small and medium retail enterprises in Kenya. The study was conducted in Thika Sub- County. The study adopted descriptive and correlation research design. The targeted population of the study was 2,924 registered small and medium retail enterprises in Thika Sub-County. Stratified Sampling Technique was used to draw the right sample size from the targeted population which was used during the study. The primary data were collected through questionnaires which were supplied through drop and pick later method and secondary data was collected by reviewing of relevant passed literature like books, articles and journals. A sample size of 292 which is a ten percent (10%) of the total population was used during the study and were supplied with questionnaire through the mentioned above method. Descriptive statistical and regression analysis was used to analyze data for the study. The results indicated that guerrilla marketing strategy had positive influence on performance of small and medium retail enterprises in Kenya.

Keywords: Marketing, Strategy, Performance, Guerrilla, Entrepreneurship.

Title: INFLUENCE OF GUERRILLA MARKETING STRATEGY ON PERFORMANCE OF SMALL AND MEDIUM RETAIL ENTERPRISES IN KENYA

Author: Harrun Ochieng Onyango, Agnes Njeru

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: The purpose of the study was to encourage the government to formalise the informal sector so that it could increase revenue inflows from taxation. The researchers sought to establish how informal traders justified non-payment of presumptive tax to government and why they felt they should not pay tax to the government. The qualitative paradigm was used to obtain the perceptions, experiences and thoughts of small and medium traders on the issue of presumptive tax. Small and medium business operators from the city of Harare formed the population. In-depth interviews and focus group discussions were used to gather data. The data was tabulated and analysed; and then grouped into themes. The researchers discovered that all the sampled small and medium business operators had never paid presumptive tax to the government because they claimed that the government abused tax money, the state did not plough back any of the collected taxes into the informal sector; and the informal sector did not generate enough money to pay taxes. The researchers recommended further research to establish the exact figures of money lost by government through non-payment of presumptive tax.

Keywords: informal traders, informal sector, medium business operators, taxation.

Title: Government Inducing Negligible Presumptive Tax Inflows from Informal Sector: Reasons and Perceptions of Informal Sector Players

Author: Dr. Caxton Shonhiwa, Stanley Idanai Murangwa

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: The purpose of the study was to establish the benefits of Electronic Fiscal Devices to small and medium enterprises in Zimbabwe. The researcher used the qualitative paradigm, which enabled the respondents to openly express their feelings, emotions and opinions since issues related to taxation are usually sensitive. The qualitative approach provided the interviewees the platform to openly express themselves and fully present their side of the story. The purposive sampling technique was used to select respondents for the study because it enabled the researcher to focus on small and medium business operators who were knowledgeable about and were already using Electronic Fiscal Devices. Such respondents were best placed to give relevant and helpful information to the researcher. The study revealed that small and medium business operators were generally not readily aware that Electronic Fiscal Devices had any benefits to them. Most of them required further probing to be able to comprehend the existence of such benefits. The structured interview method that the author used as an instrument to gather information proved to be appropriate in this respect. The benefits of Electronic Fiscal Devices to small and medium enterprises that were highlighted by the interviewees included improvement of relations between Zimbabwe Revenue Authority officials and the business operators, easier planning and management of business, increased level of professionalism in doing business, easier monitoring of business transactions, reduction in pilferage and theft by employees. The researcher recommended that the government and the Zimbabwe Revenue Authority should not emphasise fines and penalties as a way of encouraging small and medium business operators to comply with Statutory Instrument 104 of 2010 and Statutory Instrument 148 of 2016 which requires traders to use Electronic Fiscal Devices for recording all business transactions for tax calculations and payment purposes. They should rather focus on the benefits of the Electronic Fiscal Devices as a way of improving compliance with the statutory instrument. In addition, the study recommended that the Zimbabwe Revenue Authority should carry out educational campaigns focused on benefits of Electronic Fiscal Devices to the business fraternity to improve compliance. The campaigns could be in the form of the currently popular roadshows that could be carried out at selected and strategically positioned locations such as the Green Market in Mutare where small and medium enterprises were dominant.

Keywords: Electronic Fiscal Devices, medium enterprises, business transactions.

Title: The Other Side of Fiscalisation: Benefits of Electronic Fiscal Devices to Small and Medium Enterprises in Zimbabwe

Author: Stanley Idanai Murangwa

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: Scholarly and societal views regarding adolescent pregnancy being a socio-medical casualty, and patterned disparity in family structure, explain the archetypal mythic which presented itself as a form of powerlessness and overt violation in the lives of adolescent mothers. The aim of this research is to determine the extent to which the socio-economic outcome of adolescent mothers is influenced by cultural dictates including the position of powerlessness.

This qualitative study targeted 12 former adolescent mothers within the age cohort of 25-36 years old, who became pregnant when they were between 11-17 years old. Snowball sampling method was used to capture information from 10 participants (2 had opted out). Primary data (captured over a three-month period) were analysed using manual count and triangulation. Secondary information was obtained over a four-year period.

Of the 10 former adolescent mother participants, eight obtained favourable educational and socio-economic outcomes; five of whom were from non-financially viable background; seven from urban area, and three from rural area. Their outcomes were on the premise of strong resilience, and support obtained from family, friends, and the adolescent programme/institution in which they had participated.

Keywords: Adolescent Pregnancy/Motherhood, Powerlessness, Culture.

Title: Adolescent Motherhood in Jamaica: A Social State of Powerlessness?

Author: Dr. Tazhmoye V. Crawford

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) has been broadly explored and studied by many researches in the English language teaching field. However, there are only few studies that explicitly focus on CLT and its use in the Malaysian polytechnic context especially after the shift in the Polytechnics English syllabus from English for Specific Purposes to Communicative English in 2011. After six years of the implementation of Communicative English (CE) in the polytechnics, polytechnics students’ English proficiency level is still not satisfactory. Hence, this study was designed to investigate the use of CLT in the teaching of English course among lecturers in Malaysian polytechnics focusing on the issues/challenges faced by the lecturers, lecturers’ level of understanding and level of CLT implementation. Respondents for this study were 90 English lecturers teaching in the Malaysian southern zone polytechnics. The mode of data collection is questionnaire. The pilot test using Alpha Cronbach analysis revealed the high reliability level which was 0.9. The actual collected data was analysed using SPSS 22.0 for descriptive analysis. Standard deviation was used to identify the lecturers’ level of understanding of CLT and the overall lecturers’ level of understanding is moderate which 0.45 is. As for level of CLT implementation, the CLT implementation is high which 0.21 is and the issues/challenges faced is moderate which is 0.42.

Keywords: Communicative Language Teaching (CLT), Malaysian polytechnics, Communicative English, polytechnics lecturers.

Title: The Use of Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) in the Teaching of English Courses among Malaysian Polytechnics Lecturers

Author: Rashidah binti Radzi Rasalingam, Mohamed Amin bin Embi

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: Poverty continues to cause livelihood challenges hence environmental problems among rural populations in semi and arid communities of developing countries. One of the understated impacts of livelihood activities on human wellbeing is their implication on deforestation. Nevertheless, most studies regarding poverty and the environment overlook implications of rural livelihood choices in marginal areas on the environment, and how organizations intervene to secure or enhance the problem. The purpose of this study is to investigate household livelihoods impact on deforestation in Kieni East and West sub counties of Nyeri County. This has become essential as rural populations are the hardest hit in terms of negative effects of livelihoods on the forests. The study adopted cross sectional research design, involving mixed method approaches to collect primary and secondary sources of data. The main source of quantitative data collection was household survey, while the qualitative aspect of data was gathered using semi structured interviews, participant observations, and desk reviews. An independent T-Test was carried out to test statistical significance at p<0.05 at the two sites. Proportionate stratified random sampling technique was used to establish a 400 sample size in 10 sub locations. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was applied in the determination of impact of livelihood choices on deforestation. Based on the analysis, the linkage between livelihoods and deforestation was significant. Overall results show that deforestation is mainly caused by crop activities [B=0.232], followed by forest activities [B=.173], and off farm activities [B=.103]. The results also demonstrate that household livelihood activities impact on deforestation in The Aberdare Ranges in Kieni West was more than in Mt. Kenya Forest in in Kieni East. The study concludes with some recommendations for policy consideration.

Keywords: Poverty, Livelihoods, Livelihood choices, Deforestation, Household, Forest, Mt. Kenya, The Aberdare Ranges, Sustainable livelihoods, Kenya.

Title: The impact of livelihood choices on deforestation in Kieni Sub Counties, Kenya

Author: Fred K. Wamalwa, Dr. Florence Ondieki-Mwaura, Dr.Frederick O. Ayuke

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: Most International Finance textbooks will explain how Large Multi National Corporations can hedge against currency fluctuations using internal and external techniques without asking the basic question do they need to. Some textbooks reference a standard loss in reported profits due to currency fluctuations without explaining what the term reported profits means or considering the impact or lack of impact on the Organization. This paper discusses whether these “paper” reported profits are relevant and whether there is really a need for Global Organizations to hedge.

Keywords: International Finance, Currency hedging, Internal and external currency hedging, Reported profits, exchange risk.

Title: Why Global Multi National Corporations Do Not Need To Use Derivatives to Hedge against Currency Fluctuations ?

Author: Dr. J A Simcox

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: North-East India (NEI) owing to its location plays a very crucial role in various aspects of security, trade, commerce and connectivity across the borders, having huge untapped potential to emerge as a strategic base for foreign and domestic investments. Unfortunately, despite being the only part of India that provides land connectivity to Southeast Asia, it has received very little attention from New Delhi. NEI has been a victim of geographical, insurgency, underdevelopment and political ignorance. To alter this, the Government of India has initiated many efforts for achieving greater economic growth, integration with the rest of India and development for the region. One such initiative undertaken is regional integration with neighbouring countries of Southeast Asia. India’s interest in regional integration can be traced back to 1985 in the form of South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) to address the regional concerns such as security, economy, enhancing cultural linkages among the South Asian nations. Post 1990s, the ‘Look East Policy’ was established, which opened a new chapter in the pursuit of developing closer ties among the states within the region and also giving a much needed attention to North East Region (NER). At the same time, India has also been actively promoting other bilateral and multilateral arrangements with South and Southeast Asian neighbours, like the Bangladesh-China-India-Myanmar (BCIM), Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technological and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC), Mekong-Ganga Cooperation (MGC) etc. However, despite promoting many policies, one hears of neglect due to absence of timely delivery of the economic developmental activities in the NER raising questions about the intention of such policies. Thus, this paper attempts to analyse (1) whether these so called developmental policies are merely to counter the rising hegemony of China in the SE Asia and (2) or, these policies are the genuine effort of the GOI to ensure economic development in the NER.

Keywords: Look East/Act East, NER, Development, Trade, Investment, Integration, China.

Title: Northeast India and Its Neighbourhood: Perspective on Regional Integration with Southeast Asia

Author: Joshua T. Khaute

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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