Vol 9 Issue 3 July 2021-September 2021

Abstract: Lexical and syntactic ambiguity is a natural phenomenon in languages of the world. Generally, languages are having lexical and syntactic ambiguity based on their prose and verses. Beside human beings, lexical Ambiguity and polysemy is a big problem for the machine and online translation. For answering this problem and finding the exact meaning of the word and sentence. the translation should through the context in which the word is used. This paper deliberates upon types of ambiguity in Pashto and later discusses the kinds of lexical and grammatical ambiguity in the Pashto data. Pashto lexemes were taken from the phrases, sentences and verses of the Pashto poetry. 300 ambiguous words and lexemes were analyzed and described through Pashto examples. The research shows that there were lexical, syntactical, semantic and grammatical ambiguities in Pashto language, and grammatical ambiguity was described in hierarchal way with in Pashto examples in prose and verses.

Keywords: Ambiguity, kinds of ambiguity, lexical ambiguity in Pashto context.

Title: Lexical Ambiguity and its types in Pashto Language

Author: Mohammad Usman Solizay

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: Purpose; The study sought to examine Management Proficiency on financial performance of foreign commercial banks in Kenya from period of 2013 to 2019.

Design/Methodology/Approach; The return on equity (ROE) and return on asset (ROA) were used as measure on measure of financial performance measures on foreign commercial banks in Kenya. The descriptive, correlation and panel regression analysis based on fixed effect model with help STATA.

The Results; It indicated that an R squared of 0.6956 was obtained that implies that 69.56 percent of the variations in financial performance of foreign commercial banks in Kenya was accredited to capital adequacy, asset quality and management efficiency. A p-value of 0.0000 further endorsed that the variables that were used namely: capital adequacy, asset quality and management efficiency had significant effect predicting the financial performance of foreign commercial banks in Kenya. The model had a constant value of 0.87 thus inferred that in the absence of capital adequacy, asset quality and management efficiency, the value of financial performance of foreign commercial banks in Kenya was 0.87.

Originality/value: The main study objective was to provide the empirical evidence on management proficiency on financial performance on foreign commercial banks in Kenya and demanded literature gaps

Keywords: Financial performance, Asset quality, Capital Adequacy and management efficiency.

Title: EFFECTS OF MANAGEMENT PROFICIENCY ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF FOREIGN COMMERCIAL BANK, KENYA

Author: Geoffrey Nyakundi Ongiti, Christopher m, Mutembei

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: This study focused on community participation and the performance of project implementation, which is very significant in the economic development of Rwanda and the entire global community. Community participation has become an increasing aspect key tool of public policy and service delivery within the realm of good governance across the world. This study hypothesizes community participation and the performance of project implementation within Bumbogo VUP Water Supply Project, in Gasabo District as case study. The study used both descriptive and correlation statistics, where the researcher used both qualitative and quantitative approach. The total population of this study equal to 850; using Yamane formula, the researcher used a sample size of 89 respondents. The sampling technique used in this study is stratified random and purposive sampling method. The data was finally analyzed using SPSS. The results of the study indicate that there is a strong positive correlation between community participation and the performance of the project implementation. The regression analysis indicated that community participation in need analysis has the greatest influence, followed by Community participation in M&E. community participation in planning has the least influence on the performance of project implementation. Overall, success of project implementation improves with greater community participation throughout the project life cycle.

Keywords: Community participation, project implementation, project performance.

Title: COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION AND THE PERFORMANCE OF PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION IN BUMBOGO VUP, RWANDA

Author: Dr. MBONIMANA Gamariel, Nehemie Nkurunziza

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: Women have in the past being victims of discrimination. This discrimination equally existed in the employment sector in almost all States. In the wake of gender equality and non-discrimination, States began to adopt and established legislations which protected gender equality in all aspects of life. Cameroon as a State committed to the protection of human rights has ratified several human rights treaties protecting equality towards the enjoyment of the right to work. She has equally put in place laws guaranteeing equality in the enjoyment of the right to work; the main legislation is the Labour Code which came as a result of Law N^o. 92/007 of 14^th August 1992. Section 2 of this code provides that “The right to work shall be recognized as a basic right of each citizen”. This code protects female workers as common workers and equally as special workers. Female workers as common workers enjoy the same rights as male workers some of which include the right to be paid damages for wrongful termination of the employment contract or specific reinstatement, the right to annual leave, the right to weekly rest, the right to join a trade union and so on. And as special workers they enjoy rights more than their male counterparts some of which include the right to maternity leave and nursing breaks. These special protection provided to female workers in reality is not always respected by employers as most female workers always waive their rights like the right to maternity in order to secure their employment and the prohibition of women from night work stands more as a limitation to the employment of women in certain establishments and thus this work recommends that instead of prohibiting female workers generally from night work, the legislation should instead prohibit night work just from expectant mothers and breastfeeding mothers.

Keywords: protection, worker, female worker.

Title: THE PROTECTION OF CAMEROON FEMALE WORKERS UNDER THE CAMEROON LABOUR CODE

Author: Ayuk Nkwa Pascal

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: African indigenous women have been instrumental in the growth and survival of local economies but underrated in scholarly discourses. In this regard this paper reviews the role of female labour in Artistry, agriculture, associations, investments, trade, education and skill jobs in the years 1922-1961, amidst patriarchal background status and colonial incursion.  The paper argues that female labour was the most contributing factor to food production, household upkeep and the growth of the local economy of Mamfe during the period of British rule in the Southern Cameroons. It debunks the untested opinions of many Cameroonians that attributed the survival means of Mamfe women to solely prostitution- a perception that ignored the potentials of the women and the vital role of female labour.  The data needed to sustain this argument was collected from primary sources- oral interviews with targeted eye witnesses, archival materials and theses and, secondary sources such as published books, journals and the internet. The historical mode has been used, largely qualitative analysis presented in a thematic and chronological manner. Findings reveal that during the years reviewed, Mamfe women were suppressed and engulfed in a patriarchy cultural background. Yet, they were the backbones of households; ensured food security and stirred the growth of the Mamfe economy. This, paper therefore draws the attention of Governments, Non-Governmental and International Organizations on the need for gender-based policies that could further enhance women’s participation in the development of rural economies in Africa including Cameroon- a prerequisite to food security and poverty alleviation.

Keywords:  Appraising, Female Labour, Indigenous Economy, Mamfe, Cameroon.

Title: APPRAISING FEMALE LABOUR IN THE INDIGENOUS ECONOMY OF MAMFE - SOUTHWEST CAMEROON, 1922-1961

Author: Tabi James Ndip

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: This study covers a review of two global issues, namely; global inflation and labour issues and the emerging global markets. The two are so significant that their impact on the overall global economy is significant in a number of aspects as presented in the text. Our review suggests that inflation will make borrowers better off and lenders worse off. Inflation reduces the value of savings, especially if the savings are in the form of cash or bank account with a very low – interest rate. Too much inflation is bad for the economy while too little also is harmful. So, the middle ground of 2% per year is good, higher inflation harm savers because it erodes purchasing power of money saved though this is good for borrowers because it adjusts the value of their outstanding debts.  Therefore, globalization requires increasingly integrated and holistic approaches, taking into account the changes in the world of work and the advent of new risks and opportunities merging the traditional technical and medical with the social, psychological, economical and legal areas. To protect and enhance the health of people in the workplace in the worldwide economy, practical strategies have to be worked out to make decent work become reality. To achieve the goals of the core labour standards, we must utilize a three-pillar strategy. The three key aspects of this strategy are national and international organizations such as the ILO and the WHO, corporations, and public-private partnerships. Much of the responsibility for promoting a health in the workplace lies with the companies themselves; this calls for a healthy workplace within the company. The outcomes are vital to both academics and global policy makers and analysts.

Keywords: Global inflation, deflation, labour, global markets.

Title: STRUCTURING THE GLOBAL ECONOMY: A REVIEW

Author: Emmanuel Ongom, Emmanuel Clement Otim, Jimmy Ogwal, Mapius Omonya, Roselyn Nakiru, Stella Akullu, Kenneth Owa, Patrick Onyek, Patrick Ogwal, Fiona Aceng, David Mwesigwa

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: This study aims to examine the effectiveness of drip irrigation in enhancing smart farming in the mid-north of Uganda. A descriptive review was adopted targeting one smart farm in the district. Data was gathered by means of an interview guide and a farmers’ observation guide, and it was analysed using content analysis correspondingly. The outcomes suggest that drip irrigation does not represent a large fraction of irrigation systems in mid-north Uganda and the world in general; however, a number of new drip irrigation systems are being set-up notwithstanding the very slow pace. Further revelation suggests that farmers can benefit from drip irrigation through gaining knowledge and skills from visits and advises from the frequent visits; being a source of income when the produce are sold; as well as providing food security for families, the  adjacent community and the district as a whole. Nonetheless, drip irrigation faces challenges of dearth of commitment by some members of the family, untimely delivery of agro inputs, over cultivation of the land and very expensive inputs. It is obvious that drip irrigation technologies are essential in enhancing smart farming in Oyam district, mid-north Uganda and the country as a whole. The outcomes of the study can be useful as a source for scaling out drip irrigation in the region and beyond especially when mounting a parameter on integration of drip irrigation on community development agendas for small-holder farmers as targeted by the government’s agricultural cluster development programme. This article contributes to the budding body of information on smart farming by emphasising obtainable prospects, which can generate more pro-active small scale drip irrigation technologies.    

Keywords: Drip irrigation, smart farming, farmer, community development, Oyam.

Title: Effectiveness of drip irrigation in enhancing smart farming: a micro-study in Oyam district, mid-north Uganda

Author: Robert Alem Okwanga, David Mwesigwa

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: This review deconstructs a set of four aspects, namely immigration, global security and global borders. In particular, we focus on issue one, the global immigration, in terms of its significance, challenges and implication. Issue two, in terms of, motives for emigration, impact of emigration, challenges facing emigrants, and mitigation measures to address the challenges. Issue three, global security, is addressed in terms of its importance as well as global security challenges and strategy. Issue four, global borders, is addressed in terms of benefits of global borders and shortcomings of global borders. The review suggests a linear connection among the three issues of immigration, global security and global borders; these need to be analysed within the global context for global peace and security to prevail and be consolidated. This analysis may be useful among scholars of international relations and diplomacy as well as those engaged with international migration and refugee issues. The review contributes to the bourgeoning understanding of international relations and diplomacy by underlining the challenges and opportunities available to international immigrants as they intersperse with global borders that are mapped by countless aspects of global security.       

Keywords: Global immigration, global security, global borders

Title: Deconstructing global movements of people: implication for collective security and international borders

Author: Scovia Maliko, Boniface Ogweng Odongo, Martin Ongune, Bernard Otucu, Boniface Otim-Olal, Rusia Masika, Aldo Okidi, Tonny Okori, David Mwesigwa

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: This review looks at three issues which are key to the process of globalisation, namely; colonialism, modernization, energy and environment. The benefits of globalised colonialism, though very weak, may include a few of the following, viz: Increasing knowledge sharing, research, and skills; providing platforms for mutual support, and benefits to synergize at various levels; encouraging multi-cultural contributions at different levels; fostering global citizenship for greater harmony; promoting multiculturalism and acceptance to cultural diversity; facilitating multi ways communications and interactions; promoting self-employment, digital entrepreneurship, and outreach; and giving voice to everyone by promoting common language. On the contrary, the notable negative impacts of globalised colonialism include: increasing the technological gaps and digital divides; creating more legitimate opportunities for electronic colonialism; exploiting local resources and destroying local/ indigenous cultures; increasing inequalities, conflicts, and clashes; promoting cultural imperialism; strengthening a symmetrical communication, facilitating haves; contributing to jobless growth and promoting outsourcing; and, it is promoting voiceless growth and language imperialism. It important to note that energy is a driving factor in the world economic development, World energy consumption contributes to pollution and environmental deterioration and global house emissions which therefore calls upon world economist and politicians to set environmental regulations.  It’s also crucial to transform the current energy systems with a transition to renewable source and their efficient use.  For example, globalized modernization has today has become a major sort of debate among academicians, policy makers and NGOs. Finally, our review notes the various merits of globalized modernization over weighs its demerit hence digital migration and modernization should be embraced by all.

Keywords: Globalisation, colonialism, modernization, energy and environment.               

Title: (Neo)-Colonialism, globalised modernisation and global energy and environment: A review of available opportunities and their threats to globalisation

Author: Tom Adoko, Patrick Agech, Daniel Ekwang, Gilbert Eron, Stella Akullu, Roselyn Nakiru, David Mwesigwa

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: This article reviews the notion of civil society by raising pertinent issues, successes and drawbacks. Often referred to as the space where we act for common good, civil society aims to connect poor or marginalized people with groups that can mobilize support to help. We know that civil society by itself cannot achieve poverty eradication. It must act in partnership with governments and institutions but it must be one of the partners and not just a servant to carry out the designs of governments or corporations. Therefore there is need to expand the role of NGOs and civil society organizations in three main specific areas related to poverty eradication: technical, financial and political and enhancing the participation of those whose lives are affected by decisions and this can only happen when there is an enabling environment designed to promote popular participation. The contributions of civil society in global environmental preservation cannot be ignored since it is a cross cutting issue and both national and international governments need other actors to make it a reality. In short, there has been increasing support for civil society as understanding has grown about the important role that CSOs can play in bringing about development goals. The Millennium Declaration and the Millennium Summit Outcome Document emphasize the relationship between sustainable human development and democratic governance and the need for civil society engagement to foster both.

Keywords: Civil society, environment, Human Rights, poverty reduction.

Title: Towards a global civil society: A review of pertaining issues, successes and drawbacks

Author: Sarah Mbabazi, Daniel Ojok, Fred Odur, Dillis Aol, Elizabeth Achiro, Phionah Okori, Douglas Odoch, Douglas Odongo, Samuel Okwir, Nelson Ayeu, Ivan Anthony Otim, Fred Ojok, David Mwesigwa

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: This article aims to review the structure and philosophy of the BRICS as a new form of colonialism. BRICS denotes an alliance of five countries, namely Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa which emerged as a powerful economic group in the global economy and politics. Though the five BRICS summit declarations focusing on mutual economic and trade cooperation, there have been considerable attempts to enhance research collaboration. In this article, we look at the structure, features and areas of cooperation, the BRICS as a structure of collectivism rather than a new colonialism in the making, the BRICS as a new form of colonialism, challenges facing the BRICS, flaws and the future of the BRICS alliance. The review may be used as a contribution for the global scholarship to develop a more robust appreciation of cooperation between and among nation-states, which is no longer questionable but a requirement in the new political dispensation. This review makes an input to the budding body of understanding by emphasizing prospects that can generate more multifaceted relationships motivated towards communism in any continent. The BRICS is indeed inspiring, its role as the ‘third world economic power, in light of this general analysis made on the current global situation, indicates that the western world still have bigger challenges to device adequate solutions to global problems.

Keywords: BRICS, structure, features, cooperation, flaws.

Title: Reviewing the BRICS Structure and Philosophy as a New Form of Colonialism

Author: Eunice Achola, Bruno Odur, David Ekwang Otto, Stella Akol, Deogracious D. Obwor, John Patrick Ojwiya, Benson Ario, Ronaldo Geoffrey Opio, David Mwesigwa

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: There are still many prevalent problems surrounding the high school curriculum. This can be seen with many teachers still struggling with students’ retention on subjects being taught, as well as students having difficulty with test taking. A focal point with the matter is the subjects themselves that are taught, as both teachers and students complain about how many of the school subjects do not object towards practical skill sets needed towards real life. In several countries, students are taught subjects related to vocation, career, finances, and even investment. A main reason as to why these countries suffer less from economic distress, as well as having more successful outputs for students, is because financial education is well implemented into the high school curriculum. The purpose for this paper is to show case studies of various countries showing success due to financial education taught in schools, and to therefore prove the point that financial education is needed all around for the youth.

Keywords: Financial Education, High School Curriculum, Education System.

Title: Financial Education for School Youths Curriculum

Author: Junsik Kim

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: Knowledge management (KM) is a tool that includes humans, processes and technology for managing information and knowledge resources in an organization in order to keep in pace with the industrial advancements. Knowledge management plays a key role in helping employees in performing their day to day duties effectively. In addition to this it also has impact on certain lon term associations of employees with their organization in terms of their survival and development there, which would have a major impact on Employee Retention in the organizations. Thus studying the effect of Knowledge management on retention of employees in organizations is very important in analyzing both the individual and organizational development, which would have significant impact on the better development of the society.

Keywords: Knowledge Management, Employee Retention, Industrial Advancements.

Title: Effect of Knowledge Management on Employee Retention in IT industry: Regression Analysis

Author: Dr. S. P. Dhandayuthapani, R. Gayatri

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: This research aims to identify different factors influencing consumers selection and buying behaviour in local pharmacies in Malaysia. The four main influence factors consist of customer services, staff professionalism, sales promotion and the location and environment of the pharmacy itself. This research study is designed in a way by using mysterious shopper survey. From January to May 2021, 115 mysterious shoppers were sent out to Alpro Pharmacy located in different state in Malaysia. The data obtained was purely based on rating and percentage from the rating scale of 4 and 5 only. The image and the professionalism of the community pharmacist and staffs are improving and results in better satisfaction and appreciation of their role and position in the health care industry. Despite this, community pharmacists and staffs need to be able to reach out to their patients, assess to the patients’ requirements and should play a pro-active role in becoming an effective and indispensable part of health care industry.

Keywords: Community Pharmacy, Buying Behaviour, Alpro Pharmacy, Healthy and Vibrant World, Malaysia.

Title: FACTORS AFFECTING CONSUMERS SELECTION OF LOCAL PHARMACIES IN MALAYSIA

Author: Lai Jeh Wei, Pang Lee Ping

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: Text messages often contain more than words, such as emojis, to convey one’s feelings and thoughts. These small, digital images have made a major impact on the way individuals communicate by providing a visual aid to convey emotions and expressions that were only possible through face-to-face communication. In the past, communications research has been primarily focused on in-person interactions, but now in the digital age, interpersonal relationships are examined and measured on a wide variety of online platforms. This allows for online communicative behaviours to be observed and recorded for data analysis. The focus of this study is to observe how emojis are used in the context of text messages. Most high school students have grown up with instant messaging and are comfortable using emojis to convey their thoughts and feelings. Although adults have access to the same technology, we hypothesised that they would be less likely to use emojis in comparison to high school students. Emoji usage among high school students and adults were analyzed to understand the differences of emoji text usage between each group. The communicative intent behind emojis and the frequency of how emojis were used are examined and compared among the two age groups. Consistent with our initial hypotheses, the surveys showed that high school students used a higher frequency of emojis per conversation in comparison to older age groups and that they were more likely to use emojis regardless of the relationship they have with the other person. The data also revealed that high schoolers used emojis for a wider variety of purposes, not simply to emphasize an emotion.

Keywords: emojis, communications, text messages, social media.

Title: A Comparison Study of Emoji Use among High School Students and Adults

Author: Ye Eun Cho

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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