Vol 4 Issue 4 October 2016-December 2016

Abstract: The aim of this literature review research paper is in twofold. First, it strives to provide and present a hypothetico-deductive model of enquiry, by analyzing the work of (Chandrasekara, W.S. 2016). Second, presents an inductive model of enquiry by examining the work of (Wells, V.K.2014). This literature review research paper also aims to present the theories being tested within the two selected articles and the data collected, along with comparable approaches and evidences that are generated by each approach. This literature review also aims to identify whether the approaches were qualitative or quantitative. Keywords: Hypothetico-Deductive, Inductive Model, qualitative or quantitative. Title: A Review of Hypothetico-Deductive and Inductive Model of Enquiry Author: Mr. Osman Ayub Suleman International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Oil drilling has some socio-economic impact on an economy and their person living in just as housing has a tremendous impact on every nation and provides security to societies, communities and families. For this reason there must be possible actions taken for every citizen to have a place of rest no matter where he or she goes. The purpose of this study is to assess the socio-economic impact of the oil drilling on hotel room prices in some selected hotels in the Takoradi Metropolis. The research involved both local and expatriate who patronized these hotels as well as the hotel managers and staff. Primary data was collected through the use of questionnaires and the findings showed most of the hotel customers were expatriates working in the Jubilee Oil field in Western Region. The study revealed that expatriates invading in the city have caused hoteliers to increase their room tariffs in other to maximize their sales and profit, converted domestic houses into commercial accommodations to meet the accommodation needs of people working in the oil industry therefore causing congestion in the oil city. The study therefore recommends that authorities should see to it that ‘Dutch Disease’, a dimension of the resource curse hypothesis which postulates deindustrialization of a country upon discovery of natural resources does not occur in Ghana. Keywords: Hotels, Hospitality industry, Housing, Oil Drilling. Title: Assessing the Socio – Economic Impact of Oil Drilling on Hotel Room Prices in Some Selected Hotels in the Takoradi Metropolis Author: Rosemond Anyobodeh, Felicia Koomson, Adelaide Spio-Kwofie, JemimaYankson International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research ISSN 2348-3164 (online), ISSN 2348-3156 (Print) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: With decades of high-speed development, China has become one of middle income countries (MICs). But with plenty of risk accumulation as deduction of demographic dividend, trap of MICs, adjustment of global economic structure and approaches, Chinese economic development has entered into New Normal. Chinese economy faces big change. For getting used to it, it’s urge to perfected environment of supply-side while optimizing environment of demand-side. For understanding how the reformation effect on Chinese economy, this paper provides detailed suggestions, with examples, for writing the background, method, results, and conclusion sections. The primary goal of the paper is figure out that definition of the reform, why need it, and how it will be. Combine data and research results trusted to make conclusion. Keywords: Economic Structure, New Normal, Change, Supply-side. Title: Influences for China with Reformation of the Supply Side Author: Yan Qinshiyi International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: From Sophocles’ Teiresias to Ola Rotimi’s Baba Fakunle to J. P. Clark’s Bou-Karakarabiri to Barclays Ayakoroma’s Native Doctor who calls his god Okirigudagu, the role and position of the native doctor has not received much attention from dramatic critics and theatre theorists especially from the African continent. The place of native medicine in African worldview cannot be overemphasized in the life of the African people. Despite the coming of Christianity and Islam, indigenous religious practices are still very profound amongst African people. The ‘Babalawo thing’ as it is mostly called in Nigeria, is viewed as a realm of the ‘gifted’ ones who are metaphysical in operation. As advanced as the world and indeed Africa is scientifically and technologically, African people still accord great regard to native doctors who are either consulted for benevolent or malevolent reasons. A Chance to Survive offers a good dimension to the analysis of the role of native doctors in African drama. It is imperative to ask the following fundamental questions: who is a native doctor? What are some of the dynamics of their operation and enterprise? Is native medicine real or a mere speculation? How better playwrights from Africa can position these magic artists in the course of pitching their works? How can governments standardize the practice of native doctors in order to corroborate orthodox and modern medicine? This paper intends to deploy the archetypal/myth critical theoretical framework to analyze and also investigate the role and position of native doctors in African drama. It is expected that there will be an improvement in the portrayal of these crucial characters in African theatre. The paper has suggested ways by which native doctors will not be used for malevolent reasons which should be portrayed by dramatists. Keywords: Native doctor, African Drama, Metaphysics. Title: THE NATIVE DOCTOR IN AFRICAN DRAMA: A CASE STUDY OF BARCLAYS AYAKOROMA’S A CHANCE TO SURVIVE Author: Solomon Obidah Yamma International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research ISSN 2348-3164 (online), ISSN 2348-3156 (Print) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: This paper analyzes the current situation of the real estate enterprises in Chinese cities, using the office workers and companies as the main objects and the environment of all carriers. The conclusions are drawn as follows. (1) Real estate enterprises project products have high homogeneity and the project types tend to be saturated; therefore, the innovation is imperative. (2) Office workers spend too much time on long commute from their residence to workplace as well as the traffic congestion. It leads to health problems, lack of companionship, neighborhood strange, matrimony disharmony, loose bond with neighbors and a series of chain reaction. (3) Due to the above problems, many companies are facing high employee turnover rate, increment in labor cost and they even need to set up psychological counseling posts to appease staff and other family problems. (4) There are social problems involved such as traffic congestion, environmental pollution, waste of energy due to the distance between residence and workplace. All the mentioned problems are occurred due to the time spent on the way between the residence and workplace. Therefore, this paper proposed an innovative concept of “Home plus Work” park construction. It means to build offices that can solve employee’s separation problems and communities including schools, hospitals and other related ancillary services that are suitable for employee’s life. It is intended to shorten the distance between the main objects’ residence and workplace, aimed for reasonable breakdown of the real estate market. In order to prove the impact on the innovative method on the market demand, a questionnaire survey is carried out. Spss 19.0 is conducted to analyze the reliability, validity and regression of the questionnaire data. It is learned that not only the innovative approach can satisfy the increasing consumer demand, but also raise consumer’s purchase intention because the enterprise shows more attachment to the society. Therefore, the “Home plus Work” park construction is not only suitable for the current transformation concept in real estate units but improves the happiness index of real estate consumers, reduces environmental pollution and conserves energy. The park construction is better fulfilling the social responsibility of real estate units; hence, it will increase consumers’ purchase demand. Keywords: Real Estate Innovation, Market Segmentation, Consumer Demand, Happiness Index, Social Responsibility. Title: Discussion on the Innovation of Chinese Urban Real Estate Project – Home Plus Work Park Construction Author: Chanjuan Zhang International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: E-governance has become one of the most popular agendas among academia of politics and public management. This study tries to respond whether E-governance has a impact on the level of people’s trust in the Chinese government. Using Tolbert’s and Mossberger’s framework and quantitative research method, this article draws such conclusions as below. First, there is a strong correlation between E-governance and the level of people’s trust in the Chinese government. To some degree, people who are more satisfied with E-governance, will show a higher level of trust in the Chinese government. Second, both of “entrepreneurial approach” and “participatory approach” have a impact on the level of people’s trust in the government. While the factor of “online discussions” in “participatory approach” plays the most important role in people’s attitude towards the Chinese government. In other words, people who can discuss public affairs and policies through Internet freely might show a higher level of trust in the Chinese government. Third, the Chinese government’s performance of E-governance is not very good. In the future, the Chinese government should improve their performance of E-governance, especially the field of E-participation, which has a significant effect on people’s attitude towards the government. Keywords: E-governance; E-government; People’s trust in the government; Entrepreneurial Approach; Participatory Approach. Title: DOES E-GOVERNANCE MATTER FOR THE PEOPLE’S TRUST IN THE GOVERNMENT? EVIDENCE FROM SHANGHAI, CHINA Author: Xia, Shouzhi International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research ISSN 2348-3164 (online), ISSN 2348-3156 (Print) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: The objective of this study is to determine the effects of students’ critical thinking skills on their writing capability leading to research in terms of content in Filipino. The respondents of this study were the 320 students of Xavier University-Ateneo de Cagayan. This study used a researcher-made questionnaire. The students were asked to sign the first part stating their voluntary participation in the study and were assured of the confidentiality of their personal data. The findings support the theory that students’ critical thinking skills brought an enabling effect on students’ writing capability in Filipino. The critical thinking skills such as applying standards, discriminating, and transforming knowledge explain significantly students’ capability in developing unity in writing leading to research. The same skills including analyzing also explain significantly students’ capability in developing emphasis in writing leading to research, while students’ capability in developing coherence in writing leading to research is explained significantly by their skills in discriminating and transforming knowledge. It can be deduced, that students’ score in writing content leading to research is influenced by their critical thinking skills. Thus, more assessments indulging activities that can develop critical thinking skills like analyzing, applying standards, discriminating and transforming knowledge should be instituted to enhance students’ writing capability considering content leading to research. Keywords: unity, coherence, emphasis, and writing capability. Title: Effects of Students’ Critical Thinking Skills on Their Writing Capability Author: Erna Salas International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: This study investigates the impact of macroeconomic variables and stock market development in Ghana. The frequency of the data is monthly starting from February 1998 to February 2013. The Persaran et al (2001) ARDL bounds testing cointegration approach confirms the long run relationship between considered variables. Results indicate that macroeconomic variables of foreign direct investment, gross domestic product, money supply and exchange rate have significant positive relationship with the stock market development in long run as well as in short run. The sensitivity analysis by dynamic ordinary least square (DOLS) confirmed the ARDL earlier results. It is also suggested that the economic growth and stable financials are better leading indicators of stock market development in Ghana. Consequently, policy makers should formulate policies for sustainable economic growth which can lead to development of Ghana stock exchange market. The policy implication is that resilient macroeconomic environment is a plus for stock market performance in Ghana. Keywords: ARDL, macroeconomic variables, stock market development, cointegration, DOLS. Title: Stock Market and Macroeconomic Performance in Ghana: New Evidence Author: Isaac Cliford Queku, Emmanuel Carsamer International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: The aim of this study was to understand the tourists’ perspective status at the Bagan related to heritage Site such as temples, pagodas and naturel beauty based on satisfaction, experience and memory ensure visitors as positive perspective. Bagan, representing one of the most popular destinations in Myanmar, is in fact facing a sharp increase in tourist arrivals since the country opened up to the outside world in 2011. Due to the fast changing environment and the recent political events, such figures are expected to rise even more enormously. This research project examined tourists’ perspective of Bagan region as a tourist destination. By questioning 270 domestic and international tourists about their travel habits, this project constituted the first research of its kind in the region. The objectives of the project were to provide a profile of international and domestic tourists, to study their travel satisfaction, experience and memory destinations visited preferred accommodation and mode of transportation, information sources used average length of stay, and satisfaction levels. Future sustainable tourism management will require catering for both domestic and international needs. The sample showed an almost equal distribution of gender, with one quarter of participants being relatively young 25-35 years. The largest group of foreigners was retired, followed by Photographer, Journalist, Office worker, Teacher and Government officer. Europeans made up more than 60% of all international respondents. Most domestic and international tourists were highly educated. In terms of travel parties, more than half of Myanmar people visited the region as part of a group tour, while only one third of foreigners traveled in a group tour. Nearly one quarter of all internationals visited the region as a couple, while only 1% of Myanmar nationals visited the area with their partners. Almost all international visitors visited in Bagan heritage site. Myanmar nationals, in contrast, spread themselves much more widely across the region than their foreign counterparts. The main motivation for visiting Bagan for foreigners was cultural experience. Most tourists get satisfaction about sightseeing to temples and pagodas. The most tourists get the best experience are hot air balloon over the Bagan. The most tourists of the best memory are taking photography about Bagan heritage site such as temples and pagodas. Most of international tourists visited the temples, stupas and pagodas in the region, followed by a guided book tour of Bagan and visiting the markets. Nearly all participants, whether they were Myanmar nationals or foreigners, were generally quite happy with what was on offer in the region. Almost all respondents indicated they would recommend the destination to their peers. When asked what they enjoyed most about the Bagan area. Keyword: Tourists’ satisfaction, experience, memory, and motivation related to heritage site in Bagan. Title: Perspective of Tourist in Bagan Relating to Heritage Site in Myanmar Author: Mr.Win Ko Ko, Dr. Vijit Supinit International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research ISSN 2348-3164 (online), ISSN 2348-3156 (Print) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: 21st century has started with a big bang of Technological revolution and economic uncertainties. There have been worldwide efforts across the nations to improve the social, economic and financial conditions of the poor and neglected sections of the society through a number of development programmes. India too is in the forefront in this direction. However, in India especially in rural areas reaching the poor and socio-economically backward people is still a difficult mission and encouraging them over a long period of time to improve their socio-economic conditions and capabilities is a hard task (Kumar Bharath R., 2011). Under the formal financial system, finance is available for income generating activities at low rate of interest with easy and periodical repayment period but access is not easy in this system due to complex legal and operational procedures. (Rangappa K. B., 2011). So, in India, such people have found an alternative way out in the form of microfinance (Somanath, V. S., 2009), the purpose of which is to enable the poor and women to carry out their routine activities smoothly and there will not be times where there is no access to food, clothing, shelter or education. Dr. C. Rangarajan, ex-governor of RBI says that microfinance can aid employment and sustain households giving them opportunities to undertake Income Generating Activities (IGAs) and thus Indian women become the agents of change to explore new horizons and new dreams. Today, in India, millions of uneducated and poor women are being brought to the mainstream of the economy by different NGOs by forming self-help groups (SHGs) through which they avail microfinance and use the same to undertake income generating activities (IGAs) or to run micro enterprises. Even for commercial banks, microfinance is a useful proposal and is a dependable measure to keep away the poverty. In the growth scenario, micro-finance is considered as a need-based programme to cater to the needs of the poor and for the empowerment of the neglected sections of the society such as women, underprivileged and the rural poor. In the recent years micro-finance programmes have gained importance in the development activities and beyond. The access to microfinance and the prospect to start a micro-enterprise signifies the empowerment to the poor. In this context, this research paper analyses the role of Canara Organisation for Development and Peace (CODP), a Christian NGO based in Dakshina Kannada District, in promoting Income Generating Activities among the members of Self-Help Groups promoted by it. The study reveals that there has been a significant improvement in the performance of the Income Generating Activities by the members of the Self-Help Groups and most of the IGAs have proved to be profitable. Keywords: Microfinance, Income Generating Activities, Self-Help Groups, women empowerment, micro-enterprises. Title: Microfinance – A Small Loan Big Enough To Generate Income – A Study of Income Generating Activities Promoted By CODP through Self-Help Groups in Dakshina Kannada District, Karnataka State Author: Mrs. Therese Pereira International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: The radical formalism of art constitutes a critical resource for activism, weapon for political/cultural battles and tool for subverting various notions of power. As a revolutionary mechanism, art activism was pivotal in anti-colonial movements from the 1900s and the Civil War of 1967 in Nigeria, yet this is under-researched in contemporary scholarship. Adopting historiography and contextual analysis, this paper explored the changing paradigms of protest art in Nigeria, as well as identified factors responsible for its decline in postcolonial practice. The paper puts forward the theory that the phenomenon of Democratic-Dictatorship in Nigeria and West Africa has created a culture of ‘Attacks on Art’, which is responsible for subduing subversive art and problematically re-contextualising contemporary art into ‘passing amusement’ and tool for political sycophancy in Nigeria. The findings of this paper corroborate Herbert Marcuse’s theory that the use of art activism only flourishes in societies that uphold freedom of expression. Keywords: Protest art, Art activism, Avant-garde, Activist art, Artifactuality, Renaissancism, Negritude, Contemporary. Title: The Changing Paradigms of Art Activism in Nigeria and the Problematic Context of Contemporary Art Author: Dr. Clement Emeka Akpang International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: This paper aims at investigating the difficulties of learning new Lexis encountered by third year 2016-2017 English language students at Sudan University of Science and Technology at college of languages. The subjects for the study were thirty students from Sudan University of Science and Technology (SUST). To achieve the aims of the study a test was as a tool used for data collection. The quantitative data of the test were analyzed both statistically and descriptively. The findings of the study revealed that SUST students of English language (third year), had problems with the pronunciation. The findings also indicate that students’ are weak in spelling, misspell words plus write letters in reverse. Which hinder them to speak with good English pronunciation. This study can provide insight into the debate on whether at least an initial portion of learning vocabulary should include as an essential component at the university programs. Keywords: Lexis, (L2), Second language, spelling, pronunciation, (SUST) University of Science and Technology. Title: Investigating Difficulties Encountered By Third Year EFL Students at Sudan University of Science and Technology, In Spelling and Pronunciation Errors at College Of Languages Author: AHMED ADAM MUSA, TAJ-ELSIR HASSAN BASHOUM International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Breast feeding may be the single most important thing a mother can do for the health of her infant in the first year of life. Exclusive breast feeding is recommended worldwide as the optimal feeding for first 6 months of life and semisolid foods are recommended to be introduced after 6 months of age while breast feeding is continued up to 2 years to meet the increased physiological requirements of the infant. Even though majority of the mothers are aware of the importance of breastfeeding and have desire to breastfeed, still than they are not able to fulfil with full potency due to inappropriate feeding practices. So a study was undertaken to assess the breast feeding practices among postnatal mothers using a Breast Feeding Observation Checklist. Sample size was 53 and convenient sampling technique was used in this study. The results showed maximum mothers 32(60%) had appropriate position during breast feeding, about 19 (36%) had moderately appropriate and only 2 (4%) of the postnatal mothers had inappropriate positioning. With regard to baby’s position during lactation maximum babies 27(51%) had appropriate position, 16(30%) babies were in moderately appropriate and 8(15%) babies were in inappropriate position during breast feeding. Regarding how mother initiates a feed showed majority 39(74%) of the babies were appropriate in reaching the breast, 12(23%) of the babies had moderate and only 2(4%) babies were inappropriate in reaching the breast. During breast feeding the signs of appropriate attachment indicated that maximum 42(79%) babies had appropriate attachment, 7(13%) of the babies were moderately appropriate and only 4(6%) had inappropriate attachment. Babies behaviour showed that 43(81%) had appropriate behaviour, 7(13%) had moderately appropriate and 2(4%) had inappropriate behaviour during breast feeding. Regarding babies behaviour at the end of the feed 37(70%) babies showed appropriate, 13(25%) were moderately appropriate and 3(6%) were inappropriate. Keywords: Exclusive breast feeding, infant, optimal feeding, signs of attachment. Title: A Study to Assess the Breast Feeding Practices among Postnatal Mothers in Selected Hospitals at Puducherry Author: DR. V. R. SELVA AMBIGAI, MRS. V. REVATHY International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Co-operatives develop strategic plans to set direction and establish priorities with a view to achieving organizational success. However, the process of implementation is bedeviled by many factors which impede strategy implementation. This study sought to examine factors affecting implementation of strategic plans in Co-operative Societies in Turkana County. The study’s specific objectives were: To examine the influence of top leadership commitment and support on the implementation of strategic plans in Co-operative Societies; to examine the influence of availability of resources on the implementation of strategic plans in Co-operative Societies; to examine the influence of levels of risk on the implementation of strategic plans in Co-operative Societies; to examine the influence of monitoring and evaluation on the implementation of strategic plans in Co-operative Societies. The study adopted a descriptive research design. The study’s population was drawn from 12 SACCOs in Turkana County with a registered membership of 3000 members. Purposive sampling was used to select a sample size of 52 respondents represented by 36 board members, 12 supervisory committee members and 4 CEOs/ managers. Data was collected using open-ended questionnaires and analyzed using the descriptive statistics tool of the Microsoft Excel Computer Package with the aid of SPSS software. The study concluded that: top leadership commitment and support; availability of resources; levels of risk, and; monitoring and evaluation influence implementation of strategic plans in Co-operative Societies. The study recommended that SACCOs should foster continuous trainings on implementation of strategic plans targeting everybody involved with implementation of SACCOs’ strategic plans; resources allocated for implementing strategic plans should be in the right qualities, quantities and timelines; SACCOs should device adequate capital formation methods without necessarily compromising on their principles and values; communication in SACCOs should be made to be a pivot of clarity on SACCOs’ strategies; SACCOs should develop risk-conscious strategic plans to reduce the negative impact of risk on their strategic objectives; SACCOs should embrace current technology to enhance implementation of their strategic plans; monitoring and evaluation of the implementation of strategic plans should be done regularly, and; SACCOs should develop highly responsive strategy implementation feedback mechanisms to inform on strategy performance hence enable SACCOs to take prompt action to guarantee realization of organizational strategies. Keywords: Commitment and support, implementation, monitoring and evaluation, resources, risk, strategic plans. Title: Factors Affecting Implementation of Strategic Plans in Co-operative Societies in Turkana County Author: Naphtali Maiche, Dr. Margaret A. Oloko International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Information Communication Technology (ICT) has emerged as a very important key success factor in the success of logistics and freight transport sector. Many local firms in this sector have risen to the challenge and began to implement this technology to enhance their competitiveness. However, not much had been researched on this concept from a Kenyan perspective. The aim of this study therefore was to establish the factors influencing the adoption of ICT in the logistics and freight transport sector. The study was carried out in Mombasa and targeted employees of selected companies in the maritime sector. Descriptive research design was used to conduct the study. Proportionate stratified sampling was employed to select the sample from the population. Data was collected using questionnaires which were issued to various staff of freight companies. Data was analysed using SPSS and the findings indicate that there is a significant relationship between the independent variables and the dependent variable. Keywords: ICT, Freight, Logistics, Infrastructure, Supply-chain. Title: Factors Influencing the Adoption of Information Communication Technology (ICT) in Logistics and Freight Transportation Sector in Mombasa, Kenya Author: Dr. John Kilungu Matata International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online) Research Publish Journals