Vol 6 Issue 4 October 2018-December 2018

Abstract: This paper underscores the assessment of women’s political participation in Sheikh Region of Somaliland. Somali women in this region are stereotyped because they are largely excluded decision making even in decisions that directly affects their own sensitive lives. They are often trampled down by men due to the patriarchal historical dominance which has continuously failed to build self-help communities there. An investigation that involved key informant interviewing, questionnaires and participant observation as the methods for data collection was applied. It was discovered from the ground research that women in Sheikh would wish to participate in the political decisions affecting their lives and community but are largely denied chances practically despite of the fact that they play a key role in ensuring livelihood survival in their various households. Women in Sheikh and most other women in Somaliland resort to social work where they are always submissively controlled by the already designed patriarchal decisions. The main argument in this paper is that sustainable development in any region of Somaliland will never be possible without equal participation of men and women in the political architecture.

Keywords: women, political, participation, community, development, Sheikh Region and Somaliland.

Title: Assessment of Women Political Participation in Community Development in Sheikh Region of Somaliland

Author: Zamzam Hussein Akli

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: It has been proven by evidence-based research that local NGO sustainability of TVET for IDPs in Hargeisa cannot be possible as it is hampered by several institutional challenges. Literature review correlates with ground reality among the vocational training institutes that limited skills of trainers and their less motivation as well as absence of tools practical lessons complicates the skilling of IDP graduates. Constrained by lack of national budget allocation, there is no possibility of enhancing long-term or sustaining NGO-TVET institutes without external funding. This is way IDP graduates from local NGO governed TVET are rarely trusted for employment opportunities and thus experiencing huge frustration and poor living conditions. There is need to rethink the alternatives to re-settle IDPs in Hargeisa and Somaliland generally.

Keywords: NGO, sustainability, vocational institutes, construction, donor-funded, empower, IDPs, Hargeisa, Somaliland.

Title: Barriers to Local NGO Sustainability of Vocational Institutes whose Construction Was Donor-Funded to Empower Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) in Hargeisa, Somaliland

Author: Abdirahim Ibrahim Hassan

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: The problems that persons with disabilities face are majorly as a result of the constructs in the mind of the society which reduces their opportunities, through cultural beliefs and attitudes built by the society. This is further compounded by the immediate environment of PWDs, i.e., the family. The study investigated the influence of the family on the empowerment of persons with disabilities in Rachuonyo South-Homa Bay County. The study objectives examined the influence of the family on the empowerment of PWDs at the household level in Rachuonyo South. This study was guided by the Social Model of Disability and sampled 83 people obtained by employing Yamane 1967 formula. Questionnaires and FGDs were employed to obtain data from the field.  Descriptive statistics such as percentages, means and frequency counts were used in the analysis of data. The study found that cultural beliefs and attitudes influenced the decisions at the family level impacting negatively on PWDs empowerment and the family should provide an enabling environment for PWDs to access opportunities. The study recommends that the government to increase awareness campaigns, upscale empowerment funding’s and activities that promote income generations among PWDs and aggressively print and disseminate the national disability policy.

Keywords: Family, Empowerment and persons with disabilities.

Title: INFLUENCE OF THE FAMILY ON THE EMPOWERMENT OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES AT THE HOUSEHOLD LEVEL: CASE OF RACHUONYO SOUTH SUB COUNTY, HOMA BAY

Author: Stalin Otieno Olwenge, Dr. Petronila Andiba Otuya, Mrs Mercy Njogoro

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: Technology is transforming activities in all aspects in the banking industry. Banks are changing the way and mode of services delivery from traditional face to face administration to computer and electronic devices modes. There is an increasing use of ATMs, internet, and mobile phone (SIM) among banks customers. Customers are accessing bank services without even a need to visit the bank halls. However the prominent question is ‘does e-banking reduce or increase customer transaction costs?’ The implication of e-banking on customer satisfaction and transaction costs are still areas of research interest as businesses and households move into the very deep and extensiveness of e-banking era. This paper presents results of a study that was conducted in Morogoro municipality, Tanzania. The study intended to obtain views on cost implications of electronic banking on customers. The study was qualitative in nature, as it collected views and opinions from bank customers and bank officers. A total of 70 respondents were involved in the study.  In-depth interviews allowed the study to establish how customers feel about the changes in transaction costs between e-banking and non-e-banking systems and services. Results showed that most of the banks customers who use of electronic banking acknowledge that banking transaction costs have declined with electronic banking. The reduced transaction costs with e-banking are embedded into banking services convenient, time saving, efficiency, and flexibility. However, e-banking convenience, efficiency and flexibility are associated with e-banking monetary charges.

Keywords: Electronic Banking, Benefits of Electronic Banking, Transaction costs, Mobile Phones, Internet Banking.

Title: IMPLICATIONS OF ELECTONIC BANKING ON TRANSACTION COSTS: EVIDENCES FROM TANZANIA

Author: Dr. Haruni Mapesa

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: Retail activities are highly location sensitive and fuel retail industry is no exclusion. The unveiling of the deregulation policy has caused profit margins to reduce due to the growth of new entrants whiles operational margins have increased; causing a drastic decrease in fuel station sales and net income. However, the acquisition and building of fuel stations is more rampant than ever. This paper investigates the factors that influence sales performance and siting for a fuel station project. The mixed method and explanatory research design was adopted, focusing on selected fuel stations. The outcomes suggest that out of the three products tested, location is the key variable that receives the most positive influence on sales volumes. Service capacity does not induce a positive influence on sales volumes but rather, increases overhead cost. Other variables that influence sales volumes were identified as promotion, brand, pump price, service quality, opening hours, local authority decision and size of the place. The results further indicate that, the elements that significantly influence fuel station siting are traffic volume, competition on the road, land use in the region, the nature of the road as well as environmental and legislative demands. A consistent model to forecast retail sales volumes of fuel outlets is recommended, which would be useful in retail fuel station appraisals, feasibility studies and investment analysis by project managers and other professionals.

Keywords:  Location, Factors, Sales, Performance, Fuel Station.

Title: ASSESSING FACTORS INFLUENCING SALES PERFORMANCE AND SITING OF A FUEL STATION PROJECT: STUDY OF SPINTEX ROAD, ACCRA-GHANA

Author: Dr. Boison David King, Asamoah Harriet Yaa, Addison Linda, Dr. Esther Asiedu

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to assess the impact of outsourcing on the organizational performance of Vodafone Ghana. Both leading (quality of service and knowledge development) and lagging (financial) indicators of performance were selected to obtain a balanced view of the firm. The quantitative approach to research was chosen with a descriptive research design. The research revealed a moderately positive relationship between outsourcing and quality of service. Similar results were obtained between outsourcing and knowledge development. The study however found no significant relationship between outsourcing and financial performance. This paper finally advises the case study organization to take corrective action against undesirable outcomes of the relationship between outsourcing and financial performance, which is key. It also recommends that management –should as a measure to mitigate the risk of outsourcing–, undertake a thorough check on all potential vendors and ensure their expertise and resources are sufficient to deliver customer-centric services. The paper further suggests that Vodafone Ghana should invest considerably in the development of intellectual skills and capabilities of its workforce in order to improve on the positive knowledge development effect outsourcing has on the firm.

Keywords: Outsourcing, Organisational, Performance, Quality of Service.

Title: ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF OUTSOURCING ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE: A CASE OF VODAFONE GHANA

Author: Dr. Boison, David King, Amedi, Emmanuel Senyo, Addison Linda, Dr. Esther Asiedu

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: Early childhood education is a starting point for a child’s development and the vital groundwork of the Nigerian Educational System. This type of education is renowned by the Nigeria National Policy on Education (FRN 2012). In the National Policy supplies were made stating the objectives and guidelines taken by the government to achieve meet early childhood education goals. This policy heartens and ratifies private involvement in the provision of pre-primary education. This article scrutinizes the enactment of the policy, pointing out the purposes of early childhood education, achievements made so far, current hitches, and endorsements to address these hitches.

Keywords: Early Childhood Education, Nigeria National Education Policy Enactment, Nigeria Early Childhood.

Title: POLICY ENACTMENT ON EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION IN NIGERIA, APPRAISAL AND A WAY FORWARD

Author: ASIYA ALIYU MASHI, AHMAD TIJJANI IBRAHIM (PhD)

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: This study assessed students’ usage and availability of internet media facilities in schools in Katsina state: the problems and prospects. The population of the study comprised six secondary schools in Katsina State. 380 respondents were participated, 63 students were selected randomly from each six secondary schools in the state for this study. A self—designed questionnaire titled as Questionnaire on Students Assessment of internet media facilities (QSAIMF,) with r=0.744 Cronbach alpha was used to gathered data on the study. Data collected were analyzed using chi-square, t-test, and frequency count and percentage scores. The result indicated that students are making use of internet media facilities and services in the secondary schools. Furthermore, the results also indicated that some problems were affecting the effective utilization of internet media facilities in secondary schools. Based on these findings recommendations were made for computer training for J.S.S. III students for effective utilization of internet media facilities in the schools.

Keywords: Assessed, Availability, Internet Media Facilities, Problems and Prospects.

Title: ASSESSMENT OF J.S.S III STUDENTS’ USAGE AND AVAILABILITY OF INTERNET MEDIA FACILITIES IN KATSINA STATE: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS

Author: ASIYA ALIYU MASHI, AHMAD TIJJANI IBRAHIM (PhD)

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: Turnover intention is an employee's desire to leave the company because of the intention to move to another company. In order to reduce the high turnover intention, companies need to pay attention to several factors that influence turnover intention. This study aims to determine the effect of job satisfaction and perceived organizational support on turnover intention, as well as knowing the role of organizational commitment in mediating the effect of job satisfaction and perceived organizational support on turnover intention. This research was conducted at PT. Angkasa Pura I (Persero) I Gusti Ngurah Rai International Airport. The number of samples taken was 81 employees, using probability sampling methods, especially proportionate stratified random sampling. Data collection is done through a survey approach with a questionnaire method. This study uses a variance based Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) technique, often called Partial Least Square (PLS). Based on the results of the analysis, it was concluded that the variables of job satisfaction and perceived organizational support had a positive and significant effect on organizational commitment. Job satisfaction, perceived organizational support, and organizational commitment have a negative and significant effect on turnover intention, and organizational commitment mediates partially the effect of job satisfaction and perceived organizational support on turnover intention. Suggestions that can be given to the management of PT. Angkasa Pura I (Persero) I Gusti Ngurah Rai International Airport is important for increasing job satisfaction and perceived organizational support which will have an impact on increasing organizational commitment so as to reduce turnover intention.

Keywords: Job Satisfaction, Perceived Organizational Support, Organizational Commitment, Turnover Intention.

Title: THE ROLE OF ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT IN MEDIATING THE EFFECT OF JOB SATISFACTION AND PERCEIVED ORGANIZATIONAL SUPPORT ON TURNOVER INTENTION

Author: Muhammad Ikhsan Bagas Satrio, Ida Bagus Ketut Surya

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: Republic Act No. 9593 also known as “The tourism Act of 2009” states that, the state declares tourism as an indispensable element of the national economy which must harnessed as an engine of socio- economic growth and cultural affirmation to generate investment, foreign exchange and employment. In the Philippines, Agrotourism is considered as one of the largest industries and the major contributor on the economy. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the implication of Agrotourism to the socio- economic development of the municipality of Bagumbayan, Sultan Kudarat. This study was descriptive evaluative in nature, with survey documentations, historical methods for data collection and survey questionnaires were incorporated with FGD to the key informants. Descriptive statistics such as mean, frequency and percent distribution were derived to present the necessary data. The result revealed that the respondents were agree to all statements on the implication of Agro tourism to social aspect with the overall mean rating of 2.90 and with the verbal interpretation of Agree. It was also found out that Agrotourism contributed much to the economic development of the community with the overall mean of 3.02 which received a verbal interpretation of “Agree”, Based on the result, it is further recommended that continuous research on how preserve  and make innovative way of promoting Agrotourism since Bagumbayan is potential to Agricultural activity. Political leaders should support the programs of the government to develop a municipality into an Agro Industrial Community.

Keywords: Agrotourism, Bagumbayan, Socio- Economic Development, Sultan Kudarat Province.

Title: AGROTOURISM: IT’S IMPLICATION TO SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF BAGUMBAYAN MUNICIPALITY, SULTAN KUDARAT PROVINCE

Author: Mary Grace O. Gallego

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: Even though there is long-held belief that urban populations are better off, or even favoured than rural populations, the recent food and financial crises have highlighted the problem of urban food insecurity in developing countries. The problem of urban food insecurity in Somaliland has received little attention despite its increasing importance and far reaching ramifications. Hence, the overall objective of this study was to examine the determinants and dimensions of food insecurity risks among urban households in Hargeisa city. To do so, both descriptive statistics and econometric analysis were employed. Descriptive statistics used Foster, Greer and Thorbeck distributional measure of food insecurity while econometric analysis used binary logistic regression model to analyze the data of a set of socio-economic variables as explanatory variables and food insecurity as independent variable. The head count index shows that 53.2 % of the total households are below the food insecurity line. The food insecurity gap and severity were 18.9 % and 6.4 %, respectively. The result of the logistic regression model estimate indicates that out of the 11 factors included, 5 were found to have a significant influence on the probability of being food insecure at less than 1 % significance level. The variables considered were household size, owning saving account, household head education, and access to remittance and gifts and average monthly income of households. Efforts should be made to improve income earning capacity of households, their education level with particular focus on vocational training, reduce household size with a view to reducing their dependency ratio and access of financial services to the needy and trained people needs to be provided with proper targeting standard.

Keywords: Food, Food insecurity, Probability of being food insecure, Severity, urban.

Title: Determinants and Dimensions of Household Food Insecurity Risks in Hargeisa City, Somaliland

Author: Hamda Abdullah

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Absract: Toponymics is considered as a main part of onomastics and each of it reflects a certain nation’s mental features. Therefore, such features are apparent to the phraseoligical units containing place names. In modern linguistics studying the structure of phraseoligisms from the point of onomastics is considered as an actual issue. Because the phraseoligical units containing place names reflect the life of the nation, their lifestyle, culture, history because the folklore, traditions and customs of the place is directly connected with the geographical names of studied place.  The following article discusses the issue of the phraseoligical units containing place names. It shows some ideas about the important researches conducted in Uzbek linguistics. Along with this, through examples it scientifically proves the role of toponimics in lingua culture which is one of the popular branches of linguistics, their appearing in the content of phraseological units as well as their reflecting national cultural features. Moreover, the following article investigates the factors which influenced the formation of phraseological units  and etymology being studied from the lingua cultural aspect. Based on the results of the studies findings are generalized by showing that most of the phraseological units came from as a result of social historical conditions and under the influence of different cultures and the nation’s everyday lifestyle, traditions and customs.

Keywords: phraseological units, onomastics, toponyms, national-cultural phrases,  folklore, borrowed words, ancient myth.

Title: LINGUA CULTURAL PECUALIARITIES OF ENGLISH PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS CONTAINING TOPONOMY

Author: Marjona Akhmadovna Radjabova

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: The study is to “examine the effects of insurgency on agricultural output in Biu local Government Area of Borno State, Nigeria.”. The objective of the study is; to assess the effects of insurgency on agricultural output in Biu local Government Area of Borno state. The Frustration-Aggression Theory was used as theoretical base. Primary data were used; questionnaire was distributed and collected from a sample of 400 persons in the study area. Yes or No options was used, mean value, multinomial logistic regression technique, bars, charts and tables was used in the analysis . This study It reveals a weak negative correlation between Agricultural output (AGO) and Numbers of livestock’s (NLST), Numbers of Grain per bags. (NOBG) and Numbers hectors of land.(HTL) before insurgency. The study reveals that there is a strong positive correlation between AGO and NLST, NOBG and HTL during insurgency. The study recommends that AGO, NLST, NOBG and HTL lost should be taken care of through aid and programmes in improving hope of the people as the basic essential need for man is food first. This could avoid the upcoming of other social vices in the area.

Keywords: Biu LGA, Insurgency (boko haram), Agricultural output, and Multinomial logit regression.

Title: EFFECT OF INSURGENCY ON AGRICULTURAL OUTPUTS IN BIU LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF BORNO STATE

Author: YUSUF Gambo, Dr. O. A. AKPANSUNG., BARANZI Mary

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: The purpose of this research was to examine the determinants of implementation of drug rehabilitation programs in Kenya a case of Mombasa County. Descriptive research design was adopted for the study. The researcher used purposive sampling to select MEWA rehabilitation Centre and Reach out drop-in Centre as the target population. Stratified random sampling was used to select the sample population. The population of the study was 196 constituting of the staff and management of the two rehabilitation centers with a sample size of 80. The data for this study was collected using questionnaire. The data collected was edited, processed, coded and analyzed with respect to the study objectives using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS) version 21 was used to analyze the data. Out of 80 questionnaires which were administered, 52 duly filled questionnaires were collected which put the response rate at 65%. The results from the correlation analysis showed a positive moderate and significant correlation between drug rehabilitation programs and both staff capacity and community participation while there was a weak positive and significant correlation between monitoring and evaluation and funding. The study concluded that community participation, monitoring and evaluation, funding and staff capacity influence drug rehabilitation programs.

Keywords: Drug rehabilitation programs, community participation, donor funding, monitoring and evaluation, staff capacity and determinants.

Title: DETERMINANTS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF DRUG REHABILITATION PROGRAMS IN KENYA, A CASE OF MOMBASA COUNTY

Author: Mourine Achieng Odongo, Johnbosco Kisimbii

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: Effective marketing channels ensures timely transfer of products and services from the production point to the consumption point at a cost or price so that all the participants in marketing benefits. Most marketing channels in developing nations like Kenya are ineffective resulting into losses, high transaction cost and high prices for the end consumer. The purpose of the study was to evaluate pineapple marketing channel effectiveness in Bureti Sub County., Kericho County, Kenya. Descriptive research design was used in this study with quantitative and qualitative approaches in data collection and analysis. Structured interview schedule was used to collect primary data from farmers and traders through a face to face interview. Secondary data was collected from different published and unpublished sources including government institutions, journals, working papers and the website. Descriptive statistics was used to analyse the data.  Results of this study show that there were eight marketing channels and that most of the produce passed through the longer channels implying high costs Results also revealed that  pineapple purchased were of average quality and affordable  to consumers. Most of the consumers were concerned about freshness of the pineapple fruits. In addition the time taken to deliver pineapple by both farmers and traders was within 3 days.  Based on the findings this study conclude that the number of actors along the marketing channel affect its effectiveness because of the cost implications  and that the pineapple marketing channels were not very effective in delivering the expected produce quality and consumer preference at an affordable price to the consumers. This study recommends improvement of market infrastructure, market support services, collective marketing and value addition so as a way of improving the effectiveness pineapple marketing channels.

Keywords: Pineapples, marketing channels, marketing effectiveness, Bureti Sub County, Kericho-Kenya.

Title: Analysis of the effectiveness of Pineapple Marketing channels in Bureti Sub County, Kericho County, Kenya

Author: Jacob O. Okal, Christopher O Gor, Michael E. Omunyin

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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