Vol 6 Issue 4 October 2018-December 2018

Abstract: Peace education is aimed at teaching individuals the information, attitudes, values, and behavioural competencies needed to resolve conflicts without violence and to build and maintain mutually beneficial, harmonious relationships. There are many approaches to peace education, many of which are based on ideology, practical experience, and good intentions. What is lacking is peace education programmes based on theories validated by research that can be operationalized into practical procedures. In CCSPC, Peace Education has been seen through development and environmental studies that are offered as common courses in Universities and also civic education carried out by civil societies. However, these activities do not reflect a comprehensive peace education that can generate a culture of peace. This paper explored the effectiveness of peace education programmes put in place by Graduate College as a sustainable management tool for peace. The study employed three interrelated theories which underlie effective peace education: social interdependence theory which deals with the nature of cooperation and competition; constructive controversy theory which deals with political discourse and creative problem solving, and integrative negotiations theory which deals with mutually beneficial agreements. The research has validated these theories, and each was operationalized into practical procedures. The management objective was to explore a range of educational programmes put in place to enhance peace. Specific objectives included: To find out the strategies the schools have adopted to conduct peace education and how successful the implementation has been; to find out teachers perception on the necessity of peace education and to establish the effects of peace education on students and the civil society by extension. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design and was based in Cotabato City State Polytechnic College, Cotabato City. The target population of this study comprised the MA and PhD students, the teachers and the Program Heads of Studies in each college were purposively sampled for the interview. These Program Heads were selected on the basis of their experience as teachers in charge of academic and other programmes in their respective schools and therefore were conversant with strategies employed by schools to initiate the peace programmes. Data collected was arranged in themes and sub-themes that helped in attaining the research objectives. The researcher thereafter conducted content, theoretical reflection analysis.

Keywords: Peace education, Environmental education, Human Rights Education, Peace-making, Peace-building, Conflict Management.

Title: EFFECTIVENESS OF PEACE EDUCATION PROGRAMMES OF THE GRADUATE COLLEGE IN COTABATO CITY STATE POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE

Author: BRO. JOSE ARNOLD L. ALFEREZ

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: This study sought to determine the role of redistribution of power on organizational commitment in public universities in Kenya. The study was based on Kenyatta and Jomo Kenyatta Universities. The population for the study was 1638 teaching staff of Jomo Kenyatta and Kenyatta universities. The research used questionnaires to collect data from the respondents. The target population was 328 teaching staff of both universities. Both qualitative and quantitative data analysis was used. Data was coded and organized for analysis by use of Statistical computerized packages.  Redistribution of power was also found to have no significant role on organizational commitment. The researcher recommended that more studies be carried out to determine other human resource practices that could influence organizational commitment. Specifically, the researcher recommended further studies on the role of leadership style on organizational commitment in public universities.

Keywords: Redistribution, Power, Organization, Commitment, Public Universities.

Title: ROLE OF REDISTRIBUTION OF POWER ON ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT IN PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES IN KENYA

Author: Mildred Awuor, Hazel Gachunga

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: The study tries to identify the factors that influence online shopping and the factors that influence offline shopping. To know the relationship whether it is direct or indirect between the factors and the two shopping platforms. It will be a theoretical analysis for the clear understanding of the impacts made by the factors of doing shopping either from online or offline. Graphical analysis tries to know how much people are divided into different categories prefer online shopping over offline and how can we make conclusions from that. Correlation analysis helps to know the relationship between quantity demanded and the cost of buying the product. Simple regression analysis is a statistical tool which is used to make estimates of the value of a variable on the basis of the value of another variable to which it is related. Here we will make an estimation of quantities purchased online on the basis of the value of its cost. The study finds that females prefer more clothes and cosmetics than other online given products and usually, purchase one unit of online product in a month. Most preferred and attractive advertisement is discount ads for females. For males, most preferred online product is gaming gadgets, buy more units in a month than females and most preferred offline channel is super market. There is a negative correlation in between quantity purchased and cost per unit.

Keywords: Consumer, online shopping, offline shopping, consumer behavior, regression analysis, graphical analysis, correlation analysis.

Title: Comparative Analysis of Online and Offline Shopping

Author: Dr. Sushmita, Vishnu Prajapat

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: The end of civil war between Somaliland and Somalia left formal and informal systems underdeveloped and under-capacitated in terms of the socioeconomic capital. Post-conflict peace building without the full participation of men and women has been going on in Somaliland with less success. Since history, the Somali women have been detached from the conventional peace building; it has traditionally been a responsibility of men. Where women have been involved, their voices have not been respected in the peace negotiations and processes, no sustainable peace has been constructed in Somaliland. This study examines the role of women in post-conflict peace building, the efforts they are making and the major impediments they face along the way. A qualitative approach was applied to investigate the experiences of Hargeisa women in the post-conflict peace building. Questionnaires were distributed to participants between the age of 18 and 50 while in-depth interviews were also conducted between with clan leaders to capture their opinions on women’s roles in peace building. Focus group discussions were also conducted with groups of women and related views were shared to express their experiences. This research also drew from previous research to identify and fill the gaps in the available literature. After an extensive analysis of the primary information, the author argues that only peace building policies which respect women inclusion in all stages of peace processes are largely likely to register sustainable peace in Somaliland.

Keywords: Peacebuilding, civil war, post-conflict, women and Somaliland.

Title: The Role of Women in Post-Conflict Peace Building in Hargeisa-Somaliland

Author: Mawliid Abdilahi Ahmed, Gerald Ainebyona

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: This paper focuses on the reintegration of the female ex-abductees of the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA). The aim of Reintegration is to transform and empower these women and girls so that they can help themselves and have a successful future. For more than two decades, the war between the LRA and the government of Uganda, included violations of human rights, abductions of children into child soldiering, sexual abuse and forced marriage of young girls and claimed thousands of lives in northern Uganda. The thesis explores female ex-abductees’ post-conflict challenges in Gulu, an Acholi area, and how these complicate their reintegration into social life. Through empirical data presentation, I provide a lens through which to understand the gendered challenges to the reintegration of female ex-abductees of LRA. It is widely known that women and girls across the world experience discrimination of some kind at the expense of men and boys. But the situation of female ex-abductees of LRA in Northern Uganda is worse. I argue that these females face specific challenges to the extent that one can use the apartheid of gender to understand their situation. The social stigma, rejection and maltreatment they face results in their re-traumatisation in the post-conflict setting. Using a gender analysis, the thesis outlines public policy action or suggestions that could be useful in designing and implementing an appropriate intervention programme for reintegrating female ex-abductees of LRA.

Keywords: Reintegration, female, ex-abductees, resistance, army and Gulu.

Title: REINTEGRATING FEMALE EX-ABDUCTEES OF THE LORD’S RESISTANCE ARMY OF GULU DISTRICT IN NORTHERN UGANDA

Author: Gerald Ainebyona

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: After three decades of economic growth, China reached an expansionist stage, with falling profit rate, overcapacity, under consumption and scarcity of material resources. All these imbalances, Chinese corporations with government support decided to search new opportunities abroad. Africa became one of the targeted areas for Chinese investments, in what some critics termed as a new “scramble” for Africa. One of the countries China put strategic importance is Djibouti in which it forged strong relations and financed major infrastructure developments, such as new airports, a water project, ports and a free trade zone. IMF’s 2017 report stated that Djibouti infrastructure projects, financed by Chinese institutions, have led to major economic growth in Djibouti. Djibouti ports also became part of President Xi's so-called "One Belt and One Road" initiative to develop trade and related infrastructure along the routes of the old land and maritime silk roads. The critics say that such investments will only help China to access African markets, hinder economic diversification and eventually lead to economic and political dependency and colonisation.  Others, see Chinese investments as great opportunities for African states like Djibouti, as they often lack the necessary resources for investments in infrastructure. After studying the historical as well as the contemporary history of China’s relations with Africa in general and Djibouti in particular, this study supports the later and concludes that despite the risks of Djibouti failing to repay its debts, China’s infrastructure investments in Djibouti will benefit both countries. The study believes that the infrastructure investments will stimulate economic growth, bring knowledge-spreads to Djibouti and create new jobs for the locals.

Keywords: China, Africa, Djibouti, OBOR, infrastructure, FOCAC, neo-colonialism, dependency, interdependence.

Title: China’s Infrastructure Investments in Djibouti, Djibouti: Mutual gains or just an expansion of China power?

Author: Yassin Hussein

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: The main aim of the study was to analyze the effect of physical financial access and information technology access on performance of savings and credit cooperative societies in Kenya. Gabriel Tarde’s Social Theory was used in the study. The researcher used qualitative and quantitative research design. The researcher relied on primary source of data derived from a sample of 81 SACCOs officials within a population of 164 SACCOs country wide. The sampling technique which the researchers used in the study was stratified random sampling with purposive sampling techniques. The researchers’ administered both open and closed questionnaires. The data was analyzed using inferential and descriptive statistics from SPSS research tool and the result of the analysis presented in form of tables. The findings of the study indicated that physical financial access and information technology access have an average positive significant relationship with the financial performance of SACCOs in Kenya. Hence, the researcher observed that physical financial access and information technology access plays a significant role in determining the financial performance of SACCOs in Kenya. Consequently the study concluded that physical financial access and information technology access influenced the performance of savings and credit cooperative societies in Kenya Financial physical access and information technology access were significant at p≤0.05. The researcher recommends further research to investigate the other aspects like cost innovative inclusions that affect the financial performance of the savings and credit cooperative societies in Kenya.

Keywords: Physical access indictors, Usage access indictors, quality access indictors, information technology access indictors

Title: EFFECT OF PHYSICAL FINANCIAL ACCESS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ACCESS ON PERFORMANCE OF SAVINGS AND CREDIT COOPERATIVE SOCIETIES IN KENYA

Author: Noah Kipchumba Biego, Kibati Patrick, Phillip Ragama

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) for a long time have relied on the generosity of donors to support their project activities through grants and donations. However, organizations have realized that such funding sources are often insufficient to meet needs and rising costs for project implementation. Women Local Non-governmental Organisations (NGOs) try to fill sustainable development gaps while struggling with insufficient resources. Survey research approach was adopted to examine the local women NGOs challenges using purposive and simple random sampling of two women local NGOs in Hargeisa. Issues such as NGOs governance and management, staff composition and incapacity, sources of funding and donor funding fatigue, strings attached to funding, relationship between local NGOs capacities and their operations as well as the changing donor funding requirements have been discussed in this regard. The main argument of this paper is that NGOs resource mobilization requires a lot of time and skills to seek resources from different sources and the pressure often using strategies that compromise the values they are fighting for through their work.

Keywords: women, development, NGOs, economic transformation, Hargeisa and Somaliland.

Title: Challenges of local women development NGOs in contributing to economic transformation of Hargeisa, Somaliland

Author: Phillemon Landy Tubei

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: This paper is a result of a research that was conducted by one of the pioneer master students that graduated on 10th September 2015 for an award of Master of Development Studies of Gollis University. She investigated the barriers faced by women running small businesses in Somaliland and conceptualized how the former cripple them from obtaining a living income focusing on Hargeisa as a case study. Fieldwork was conducted from selected markets of within Hargeisa city where sixty questionnaires were distributed to the sixty sampled respondents to seek their own views and experiences. Participant observations and in-depth interviews were also made by the researcher herself to identify challenges largely contributing to the failure of women-owned businesses in a short-run although some of them have been sustained for more than six years. The absence of formal financial institutions come with multiple challenges uttered out by the participants themselves that included; shortage of enough starting capital, working longer hours without rest, absence of proper shelter to protect most of the products they sell from strong sunshine, lack of knowledge to manage checks and balances. Associated with poor sanitation and hygiene, the markets in which they operated lacked of toilets that causes them health problems. In addition, cultural rigidity demotivated women from operating businesses successfully. This research recommends that women engaged in small businesses should be equipped or empowered with vocational skills to increase their chances of earning more income because they are now the bread winners of their families. Government could take argent steps to address the critical issues that hinder sustainability of women businesses not only in Hargeisa but the rest of Somaliland.

Keywords: Barriers, living income, women, small business, Hargeisa, Somaliland.

Title: Understanding the Barriers to attainment of Living Income of Women in Small Business in Somaliland: A Case Study of Hargeisa, Somaliland

Author: Ayan Abdirahman Omer

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: Teacher education curriculum and the experiences acquired by the student in the laboratory of teaching posed challenges in ascertaining their competency level in teaching and the outcomes of their acquired skills and knowledge. Hence, the study aimed to determine the competency level on teaching preparedness of the graduating education students based on the NCBTS and analyze the outcomes of the education program on their practice teaching. The results of the study will be used as basis for the improvement of the teacher education curriculum and its program. Descriptive method of research is used in investigating the present existing conditions while survey questionnaire, interview, and focus group discussion are the techniques used to gather information. The findings of the study revealed that students passed in their demonstration teaching with very satisfactory performance and their self-assessment on their competency level in teaching preparedness is proficient. Finally, the graduating students of education Bulacan State University are prepared and fit to teach from the results of their rating in the practice teaching and assessment of their level of competencies. However, improvement in the student teaching program is proposed to monitor the development of certain positive indicators in the performance of the students while teaching.

Keywords: Teaching preparedness, outcomes of teacher education programs, national competency based teacher standard. 

Title: Teaching Preparedness and Outcomes of the Teacher Education Programs to the Graduates

Author: Romulo B. Mercado Jr.

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: This paper gives a cursory view of the nature of critical inquiry, as well as highlighting some of the core advantages that critical inquiry holds to improve teaching and learning for teachers. This paper proposes critical inquiry as a valuable tool to be included in pre-service teacher education, as it equips pre-service teachers with needed and valuable inquiry skills, and an awareness of how to facilitate growth and success in their own teaching once they become in-service teachers. How critical inquiry could be spread over the four years of study of the pre-service teachers to ensure a spiral development thereof, is proposed. Sample assignments for critical inquiry are also provided to support the intention of critical inquiry as proposed in this paper.

Keywords: action research, Creative Arts, problem-solving, critical self-reflection, collaborative critical inquiry.

Title: Critical Inquiry in pre-service teacher education: A vehicle to develop a critical inquiry approach in teaching Creative Arts

Author: Dr. Dennis Beukes

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: This paper seeks to analyze the American and Chinese Policies for Africa from an insider perspective. The authors open dialogue into the undressed economic concerns pointing at some of the African development dilemmas caused by China and America in Africa. They argue that neither America nor China has friends or enemies but purely interests in realizing African economic growth or social progress but their policy is masking themselves to accelerate every possible chance of exploiting African natural resources. With the emergence of oligopolistic players in the global economy, America an China inclusive, all of which scramble for mineral wealth and African markets, they come with high price and costs of humanitarian crisis and immense human rights violations and degradation of the environment severely affecting majorly the African continent. With deliberate economic pressure exerted on the African people that denies their right to control or manage their natural resources propels the authors to think that some of the people who are sometimes called terrorists may not actually be terrorists but could be innocent divergent thinkers who are fighting for their natural and geographical rights to resources. … Drawing from the findings of previous scholars that examined the structural operation of the American and Chinese policies for Africa, the authors argue that America and China do not have friends or enemies in Africa but interests. The authors recommend radical approaches to be employed by African governments to counter-balance the American hostile and Chinese-looting operations in order to contribute to a better Africa.

Keywords: American, policy, insider, scramble, natural resources and conflict.

Title: Analysis of American and Chinese Policies for Africa: Insider view focusing on scramble for natural resources and conflicts

Author: Gerald Ainebyona, Mohamed Dek Sukal

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: Dyslexia and dysgraphia are the most famous learning difficulties that concern scientists and educators. Being ignorant about such difficulties makes teachers waste a lot of time and efforts in dealing with a phenomenon that is not known in many educational circles. The things that make these phenomena risky problems are their symptoms, vagueness, and the little knowledge available about them. The following study investigates the instructor's background knowledge about these disorders. A questionnaire was distributed to (20) teachers chosen randomly from different Iraqi colleges. To back up, an interview with specialized teachers were made. The analysis showed that the most occurring symptoms from the teachers' perspectives are shown in hesitant reading and writing of the students, their stuttering, and their struggle in reading long sentences. The researchers believe that teachers have a little knowledge of these disorders.Therefore, more knowledge is required for them to deal with such phenomenon in the best possible way.

Keywords: Dyslexia, Dysgraphia, learning difficulties, Teachers’ Knowledge.

Title: Examining Dyslexia and Dysgraphia Phenomena for EFL College Students by Investigating Reasons behind These Two Phenomena

Author: Asst. Inst. Muna Dalaf, Asst.Inst.Angham Talib

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: Locus of control is a theory that refers to the extent to which individuals believe that they can control events that affect them. Their locus of control is conceptualized as either internal or external. Individuals with a high internal locus of control believe that events in their life derive primarily from their own actions. This paper explores students’ perception of their locus of control and their belief about their ability to perform well in a variety of situations. The researcher used the descriptive method of research with questionnaire as the main instrument for gathering data. Questionnaires were administered to 161 sophomore education students of the Bulacan State University school year 2012-2013. To identify significant relationship between locus of control and self-efficacy, the researcher used the Spearman rho correlation. Research data were treated using the SPSS version 19. Findings were summarized; conclusions were drawn and strategies that guide future researchers were offered.

Keywords:  Locus of control, Self-efficacy.

Title: Locus of Control Vis-à-vis Self-Efficacy

Author: Carmelita B. Sanga

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract:  The Lowland   by Jhumpa  Lahiri and Inheritance of Loss  by Kiran Desai both are women centric novel. In both the novels female has to suffer. Oppression of women is sometimes due to patriotic society and sometimes due to social customs.  Gauri is an ambitious and courageous woman she suffers due to her own decision. Nimmi is the most pathetic female character who suffers due to the rage of her husband.

Keywords: Plight, Marginalization, Betrayal, Pathetic. Conjugal.

Title: Plight of Women: A Comparative Study of Kiran Desai’s Inheritance of Loss and Jhumpa Lahiri’s The Lowland

Author: Dr. Gulab Dhar

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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