Vol 6 Issue 4 October 2018-December 2018

Abstract: Political participation is very central in any democratic political process. It is the basic tool to measure democracy and to see how eligible citizens are involve in decision making processes, such is believed to have inherent capability of making the political process coherent and dynamic as the ability to promote good governance in the polity. This explains why political participation refers to voluntary and purposeful efforts by the members of a political system, either as individuals or members of group(s) to contribute to the determination of the kinds of political institutions to be established, people that will rule them as well as how societal resources will be mobilized and allocated. Socio-economic and political goals and strategies for achieving them are also determined by this means. The goals that may be set to be achieved through participatory activities are not only political but also include any other interest. For participation to be meaningful, individuals must make their choices based on ideology and conscience which assures their effort to influence governmental activities or policies. Where political participation is effective, it contributed to the smooth operation and stability of a political system. However, using interpretive-qualitative analysis of data drawn from both primary and secondary sources, records of interviews and field notes from a three-month research internship within the Yola North Local Government area of Adamawa state as a participant observer, poverty affected the political participation of citizens in Adamawa state, Yola- North Local Government area in particular during the 2015 general elections with a view to make meaningful recommendations that may subsequently help to boost the level of political participation among the citizens in Yola North Local Government area of Adamawa state.

Keywords: Political participation, political system, citizens.

Title: A PHILOSOPHICAL ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF POVERTY ON POLITICAL PARTICIPATION IN THE 2015 GENERAL ELECTIONS OF NIGERIA’S YOLA NORTH- LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, ADAMAWA STATE

Author: Mohammed Sirajo Baba, Abba Nuru Aliyu

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: In Kenya, women marginalization has resulted in their financial disempowerment. The study analyzed the influence of credit accessibility on financial empowerment of women. The Ford financial empowerment model guided the study. A descriptive survey research design and quantitative research approach were adopted.The accessible population comprised 150 registered WSHGs in Nakuru East Sub-County. A sample of 74 respondents was drawn from the accessible population using simple random sampling technique. A structured questionnaire was used to facilitate data collection.The data collected were analyzed with the aid of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences Version 24 software. Data analysis involved both descriptive and inferential statistics. The results of the analysis were presented in tables and were duly interpreted in tandem with the study objective. The study revealed that 17.1% of the variance in financial empowerment was as a result of credit accessibility. It was concluded that credit accessibility was an important determinant of financial empowerment of women.

Keywords: Financial Empowerment, Credit Accessibility, Women Empowerment, Women Self-Help Groups.

Title: INFLUENCE OF CREDIT ACCESSIBILITY ON EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN IN NAKURU EAST SUB-COUNTY, KENYA

Author: Dalmas Monica, Ngahu Solomon, Waruguru Margaret

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: Non-financial organizations face the challenge of attracting enough donor funding and as such are unable to undertake their activities, programmes and projects efficiently. This implies that they face the problem of performance. The objective of the study was to assess the effect of board of directors’ characteristics on performance of the aforementioned organizations. The stakeholder theory guided the study. A descriptive research design was adopted. The study population comprised of the 106 accounting and management staff working with registered NGOs in Uasin Gishu County. A census approach was used. A structured and self-designed research questionnaire was used. A pilot study was conducted to assess the validity and reliability of the research questionnaire. The data collected were subjected to both descriptive and inferential analyses with the facilitation of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences Version 24. The results of the analyses were presented in form of tables. The study results indicated that characteristics of board of directors influenced the performance of these organizations. The study concluded that board of directors’ characteristics were very crucial in influencing performance of NGOs. The study recommended that the management of NGOs should ensure that the board of directors’ characteristics are upheld and improved in order to ensure that their performance is sustained.

Keywords: Corporate governance practices, board of directors’ characteristics, Non-governmental organizations, Organizational performance, Uasin Gishu County.

Title: EFFECT OF BOARD OF DIRECTORS’ CHARACTERISTICS PRACTICES ON PERFORMANCE OF NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS IN UASIN GISHU COUNTY, KENYA

Author: Komen Irene Jebor, Buluma Fred, Margaret Waruguru

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: MSEs in Kenya are often faced with resource limitations that cause them to be vulnerable to various environmental changes. Consequently, most MSEs are unable to meet the high levels of customers’ quality and service demands and to differentiate themselves from competitors particularly when competing against bigger companies. This has necessitated the need for strategic partnerships as an alternative way of gaining access to strategic resources in the alliance network and to gain competitive advantage. Alliances are expected to facilitate MSE access to resources, customers and markets which eventually results to a competitive advantage and MSE growth. Whereas most studies have focused on benefits from the large company perspective literature on MSE benefits are limited. The current study sought to determine benefits from the MSE perspective. The study sought to determine the influence of strategic alliances on the growth of MSEs in partnership with Safaricom along Moi Avenue in Nairobi based on four objectives; influence of technology development partnerships, franchise, outsourcing, marketing and distribution partnerships on the growth of MSEs in partnership with Safaricom, A descriptive survey design was adopted with a target population of 200 MSEs operating within Nairobi central Business district. 133 MSE businesses were sampled using Yamane (1967) formula. Data was collected using a questionnaire which was piloted to ensure validity and reliability. A Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient was calculated which gave an alpha value of 0.827. Data was processed and analyzed using descriptive statistics aided by Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 21.0. Relationships between independent and dependent variables were determined using cross tabulations. Findings revealed that; Technology partnerships were the least common among MSEs surveyed but those with this partnership had realized growth in their businesses to a large extent in terms of sales, profits and returns on investment. Franchise partnerships were the most popular and had also positively influenced MSE growth however the large number of licensed agents reduced the volume of transactions per business. Outsourcing and marketing partnerships were also found to exist amongst some MSEs which had positively influenced MSE growth. Recommendations made were; Safaricom to review evaluation criteria to accommodate more MSEs in technology development partnerships, number of Mpesa agents licensed should be limited based on the customer base in a given locality and government to enact laws to govern strategic alliances between MSEs and large companies.

Keywords: Technological Alliance, Franchise, Marketing and Distribution Partnerships, Outsourcing Partnerships, Strategic Partnerships.

Title: INFLUENCE OF SAFARICOM STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIPS ON GROWTH OF MICRO AND SMALL ENTERPRISES IN KENYA: A CASE OF NAIROBI CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT

Author: EDWIN MURIMI CHOMBA, Dr. Jared Deya

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: The sugar sector in Kenya is, however, beset by several governance and management challenges that are manifested in the way decisions are made and implemented by key actors on matters of sugar importation, privatization of sugar mills, negotiations on COMESA and other international agreements affecting the sub-sector. The study sought to assess the influence of situational analysis on organizational performance in sugar companies in Western region, Kenya. The study was guided by the Resource-Based Theory. The study was conducted using descriptive survey design and targeted  the management of three sugar sompanies from the region from which a sample size of 54 respondents was drawn form a population of 54 using the census sampling technique. Questionnaires were used to collect data after pilot testing them in a sugar company in Bungoma  County. The data was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistical methods. From the research findings, the study concluded that situational analysis contributes to increase in organizational performance of sugar companies in the Western Region in Kenya. Correlation analysis on situational analysis and organizational performance of sugar companies in the Western Region in Kenya showed that organizational performance was strongly and positively correlated with situational analysis. Situational analysis is very important and it brings proper perspective to the company with regard to the strategic direction it should take. Correlation analysis on situational analysis and organizational performance of sugar companies in the Western Region in Kenya showed that situational analysis was strongly and positively correlated with organizational performance. From the model generated by the study, situational analysis contributes to organizational performance of sugar companies in the Western Region in Kenya and therefore should be given high priority.

Keywords: Organizational Performance, Policy Development, Strategic Management, Situational Analysis, Sugar Companies, Western Region.

Title: INFLUENCE OF SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE IN SUGAR COMPANIES IN WESTERN REGION KENYA

Author: Marita Ingutia Okuyoyi, Barrack Otieno Okello

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: A workplace where people get along well will be more productive, with fewer complaints. Positive managing workplace programs leads to dedicate and healthier performing employees who promote demographic interactions and appreciation of cultures. There have been concerns about the workplace interpersonal conflicts and other institutional conflicts in devolved governments within the new constitutional dispensation. The objective of the study was to determine the influence of negotiation as a strategic leadership initiative on workplace harmony in Kakamega County, Kenya. The theory underpinning this study was strategic choice theory. Stratified random and purposive sampling techniques were used to select a sample size of 98 respondents. Questionnaires were used for data collection. Data analysis was done using descriptive methods and inferential statistical methods. The study concluded that negotiation influences the workplace harmony in the County of Kakamega, Kenya. The study found that negotiation influences workplace harmony in the County Government of Kakamega as negotiation is positively correlated with workplace harmony. The study thus recommends that the County Government of Kakamega prioritizes on industrial relations, ensures that all disputes are negotiated successfully, and puts mechanisms in place to make negotiation strategy integrative enough to enable creation of a win – win situation at all times.

Keywords: County, Initiative Workplace Harmony, Kakamega, Negotiation, Strategic Leadership.

Title: INFLUENCE OF NEGOTIATION AS A STRATEGIC LEADERSHIP INITIATIVE ON WORKPLACE HARMONY IN THE KAKAMEGA COUNTY, KENYA

Author: Makokha Kulthum Atemba, Barrack Otieno Okello

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: Various agencies have supported communities with water projects but the projects have not been sustainable. Premised on the foregoing realization, it was imperative to examine the influence of water management capability on implementation of water projects in arid and semi-arid areas of Kenya with the view of suggesting recommendations which if implemented would alleviate the problems associated with water shortage in the said regions. The study was guided by the agency theory. The study adopted a survey research design. The target population comprised of contractors, Sub-County water and irrigation officer, project managers, project supervisors and water management committee members working with water projects in arid and semi-arid areas of Kenya. 219 stakeholders working with the aforesaid water projects in East Pokot Sub-County constituted the accessible population. A sample of 88 respondents was drawn from the study population using stratified random sampling technique. A structured questionnaire was used in data collection. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences software facilitated data processing and analysis. The study employed both descriptive and inferential statistics in the analysis. The study findings were presented in form of tables. It was found there existed a positive, moderate and statistically significant relationship between project management capability and successful project implementation. It was concluded that project management capability moderately influenced successful completion of water projects. It is recommended that the water project management capability should tally with available resources and intended purposes of the project.

Keywords: East Pokot Sub-County, Project Implementation, Project Management Capability, Water Project.

Title: INFLUENCE OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT CAPABILITY ON IMPLEMENTATION OF WATER PROJECTS IN ARID AND SEMI-ARID AREAS OF KENYA: A SURVEY OF EAST POKOT SUB-COUNTY

Author: Wamuga Kenneth Gaitho, Wanyoike Daniel

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: The study aimed to determine the factors affecting the implementation of spiral progression approach among secondary teachers of Zone 1, Division of Zambales in relation to students’ academic performance during school year 2016-2017. The study made use of descriptive research design with questionnaire as the main instrument in gathering data and information from the seventy four (74) public and private secondary Mathematics teachers from Zone 1 composed of Sta. Cruz districts, Candelaria and Masinloc districts. The teacher-respondents agreed that curriculum, teacher, student and school factors affected the implementation of the Spiral Approach. The academic performance of the students were rated “approaching proficient” in the first and second grading period. There is significant difference on the perceived factors affecting the implementation of the Spiral Approach. There is no relationship between the academic performance and the factors affecting the implementation of Spiral Approach. There is a high significant relationship on the academic performance between the first and second grading period.

Keywords: Spiral Progression, Academic Performance, Mathematics.

Title: FACTORS AFFECTING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SPIRAL PROGRESSION APPROACH IN RELATION TO STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN MATHEMATICS

Author: Lorna Lee M. Merza, Novrina Bigilda A. Orge, John Lenon E. Agatep, Domingo C. Edaño

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: The graduate unemployment and underemployment issues that have given rise to many policy implications for higher education in many developing countries such as Malaysia.  Among the youths in the workforce, the percentage of those unemployed is higher among those with a tertiary education compared to the ones without a tertiary education. In 2015, of the 405,000 youths with tertiary education, 15.3% were unemployed. In the context of first degree graduates in Malaysia, there were 27.9% unemployed in 2015, and 26.3% in 2016.  In Public Universities, there were 28.9% first degree graduates unemployed in 2015, and 25.6% in 2016. It is also study what are recommendations can be suggested to Malaysia government in order to improve graduates’ employability. There are factors to be examined and discussed before recommendations put up from the point of view of employers as industry players to provide jobs and opportunities for graduates. The literature on graduates’ employability can be integrated in a conceptual model: (1) graduates’ factors, (2) demand supply factors, and (3) employer factors. Based on literature review on the incident, duration and determinants and discussion on some yearly statistics of graduates’ unemployment problems in Malaysia, there are some recommendations from the perspective of a manager of an employer for Malaysian government as the suitable policies to address the graduate unemployment, in the short run and long run: (A) For government policies, (1) Launch a particular financing call to kick-begin activities, (2) Share best practice and standards resources, (3) Position employability skills as a driver of quality, (4) Standardize the process for placements and work experience, and (5) Support the transition between second level and third level. (B) From employers to support government policies, (1) Provide work placements and work-related projects, (2) Advise on curriculum design and delivery, and (3) Contribute the business perspective in career clinics to help prepare students for the future.     

Keywords: Graduate employability, unemployment, underemployment, government policies.

Title: Malaysia Public Universities’ Graduate Employability Policies: An Analysis of First Degree Graduates Unemployment and Underemployment Issues

Author: Law Chong Seng

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: The ability to achieve a seamless flow of inventories remains to be a major challenge among retail stores in Kenya. Major retail companies in Kenya have entered into quantity or time-based service contracts with suppliers. While was envisaged to that this will lead optimal stock management, most of these retail companies suffer from both overstocking and stock run-outs, a potential source of low sales. In view of this, this study seeks to bring to the fore the likely influence of inventory management practices on sales performance among retail stores in Nakuru Town. Specifically, the study brings to the fore the influence of four practices; inventory management systems, strategic supplies selection, vendor managed inventory and inventory forecasting practices. A census of 80 employees working in the 16 retail stores within Nakuru town was adopted. Inventory management systems and vendor managed inventory was found to have a positive and significant relationship with sales performance of retail stores. Based on the current findings. This calls for the retail outlets to take a critical look and analyze their inventory practices, before their implementation.

Keywords: Inventory Management Practices, Sales Performance, Retail Outlets, Supermarket.

Title: Inventory Management Practices and Sales Performance in Retail Outlets: Case of Supermarkets in Nakuru Town, Kenya

Author: Kevin Obara, Wilfred Mbeche

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of procurement practices on performance of construction projects in Tanzania. The principle question to be addressed by this study is ‘what procurement practices are responsible for performance of construction projects in Tanzania?’To answer this question and to achieve the primary objective of this study, the researcher focuses on National Housing Corporation (NHC) as a case study. NHC has been selected for this study because it is one of the major public institutions with a significant portfolio of public projects, some of which have succeeded whereas others have failed. The research design used was descripto-explanatory which allowed a detailed description and analysis of the variables under study; describing and presenting their characteristics and explaining their relationships without manipulation. The target population composed of 60 employees from five different departments within NHC headquarters, of which the researcher conducted a census. The study used questionnaires as the primary research instrument. The data was coded as per the objectives to give distinct differences and multivariate regression done to look at the relationship of the variables. Presentation also was done through their calculated mean, frequency, standard deviation and the correlation analysis of the data collected. The study found that indeed various procurement practices influence performance of construction projects in NHC. The supplier selection was found to reduce conflict of interest between the suppliers and management of the organization and in the process influence productivity of the staff. The study further revealed that that contract monitoring and control reduce risks and triggers off an effort to search for solutions to the identified threats to the project success. The study concluded that to a great extent the performance of construction projects is being influenced by adoption of procurement practices, the study recommended that NHC resources need to be more utilized so as to enable more development and less wastage in the company, NHC should handle on the issue of conflict of interest from the management and the outsiders when dealing with the supplier selection and project implementation section. However, the NHC also need to advance more on the policies regarding the quality of construction projects so as to ensure quality projects are achieved at the long run which is beneficial to the company.

Keywords: Procurement planning, Supplier Selection, Contract Monitoring and Control, Project Performance.

Title: INFLUENCE OF PROCUREMENT PRACTICES ON PERFORMANCE OF CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS IN TANZANIA: A CASE STUDY OF NATIONAL HOUSING CORPORATION

Author: Nicholaus William Mgawe, Dr. Ndalahwa Masanja

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: This research investigates the causes and effects of the recent economic recession on the Nigerian economy. Corruption, mismanagement of funds by past administration, vandalization of oil pipeline, Boko Haram insurgency, oil price shocks, delay in approving national budget are the main causes of the recent economic recession in Nigeria. The effect of recession in an economy result to a fall in aggregate demand, decrease in consumption, increase in unemployment, inflation and in general high cost of living. The study employed ordinary least square method in the analysis of this research and the result from findings shows the rate of inflation has negative effects on the Nigerian economy as it was evidenced from the result and when prices of commodities are inflated, it affect all the economic activities in the country. The findings also revealed that debt negatively affect Nigerian economy and this is because the money borrowed was diverted to illegal channel by the corrupt instead of investing into economy. Unemployment rate and GDP shows to be positively related and this was because of the increases in population of the country. Based on the results from findings it was recommended that instruments of monetary and fiscal policies should be effectively used to tackle the economic recession and bring the economic activities back on track and thus, effective used of both the monetary and fiscal policies is not only the sufficient condition but a necessary condition.

Keywords: Nigerian economy, business cycle, recession, unemployment, inflation, economy.

Title: An Analysis on the Causes and Effects of Recent Economic Recession on the Nigerian Economy

Author: Abubakar Sadiq Ibrahim, Asst. Prof. Wang Lanhui, Dr. Salihu Habibi Mohammed-Gani, E.M.B.P. Ekanayake, Abdul Ibrahim, Sasima Aree

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: Mathematics is a subject in the school curriculum that has a specialised language with a set of words and symbols that have unique meanings used internationally. Mathematics performance results at the Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education Examination (KCSE) have constantly been poor over the last decade nationally and also in Nakuru County. Findings of most studies partly attribute learners’ poor performance in mathematics to ineffective teaching methods practiced by mathematics teachers and the use of specialized language. The purpose of this study was therefore to to determine gender difference in mathematics achievement among students exposed to Embedded Mathematics Language Factor Teaching in Secondary School in Nakuru County, Kenya. The study used Solomon Four Non-Equivalent Control Group design. The target population was 1300 form two students in Nakuru County. A total sample of 180 students and their teachers was drawn from four selected Co-educational Secondary Schools. Purposive and simple random sampling were used to select the schools and the particular streams to be involved in the study. Consulting experts in the School of Education, Laikipia University, determined validity of research instruments. Five different instruments namely Understanding of Mathematical Terms Test (UMTT) whose reliability coefficient was 0.7831, Understanding of Mathematical Symbols Test (UMST) whose reliability coefficient  was 0.762, Understanding of Mathematical Structures Test (UMSrT whose reliability coefficient was 0.840, Mathematical Achievement Test (MAT whose reliability coefficient  was 0.782 and Mathematics Classroom Observation Schedule (MACOS) whose reliability coefficient was 0.771 were used to collect data. The finding of this study also showed that gender did not affect students’ achievement in mathematics when students were taught using EMLF strategy (t(80)=0.918, p=.844). The EMLF learning strategy reduced gender disparity in achievement of secondary school mathematics. The findings of this study will benefit mathematics teachers, curriculum developers, policy makers, school inspectors and teachers trainers with a view to improving performance in mathematics achievement and understanding of mathematics in secondary schools.   

Keywords: Gender, mathematics.

Title: Gender difference in mathematics achievement among students exposed to Embedded Mathematics Language Factor (EMLF) Teaching in Secondary School in Nakuru County, Kenya

Author: James Njubi Ndekei, Dr. Mwebi Robert Bisonga

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: For any work environment to flourish and succeed, its employees have to be satisfied and content with their work. Satisfactions plays an important role in the performance of companies, both financially and non-financially. This study sought to find out the factors that affect an employee's satisfaction at work and then tried to relate those findings with possible actions that could occur. The researcher found 11 factors that affect an employee’s satisfaction. 

Keywords: work environment, employee's satisfaction, companies.

Title: Analyzing the factors that affect an employee's satisfaction in the education sector

Author: QATTA AHMED ALQATTA, Dr. Mohammad M. Alzubi.

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: The purpose of this study was therefore to determine gender differences in understanding of Mathematical Terms, Symbols and Structures among students exposed to embedding mathematics language factors during instruction in Secondary schools in Nakuru County. The study used Solomon Four Non-Equivalent Control Group design. The target population was 1300 form two students in Nakuru County. A total sample of 180 students and their teachers was drawn from four selected Co-educational Secondary Schools. Purposive and simple random sampling were used to select the schools and the particular streams to be involved in the study. Consulting experts in the School of Education, Laikipia University, determined validity of research instruments. Five different instruments namely Understanding of Mathematical Terms Test (UMTT) whose reliability coefficient was 0.7831, Understanding of Mathematical Symbols Test (UMST) whose reliability coefficient  was 0.762, Understanding of Mathematical Structures Test (UMSrT whose reliability coefficient  was 0.840, Mathematical Achievement Test (MAT whose reliability coefficient  was 0.782 and Mathematics Classroom Observation Schedule (MACOS) whose reliability coefficient was 0.771 were used to collect data. The hypothesis were tested at a significance level of .05. The finding of this study showed that EMLF learning strategy reduced gender disparity in achievement of secondary school mathematics. The findings of this study will benefit mathematics teachers, curriculum developers, policy makers, school inspectors and teachers trainers with a view to improving performance in mathematics achievement and understanding of mathematics in secondary schools.   

Keywords: Gender, Mathematics Terms, Mathematics Symbol, Mathematics Structures and embedded mathematics.

Title: Gender Difference in the Understanding of Mathematical Terms, Symbols and Structures among Students Exposed to Embedded Mathematics Language Factor Teaching in Secondary School in Nakuru County, Kenya

Author: James Njubi Ndekei, Dr. Ngunjiri Mbuthia

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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