Abstract: The fouling organisms cause effective problems in several strategies by settling on ships’ hulls, aquaculture systems, fishing nets, pipelines and other marine infrastructure. Ships suffer increased drag and surface corrosion, leading to lower speeds, thereby causing higher fuel consumption, additional CO2 emissions and maintenance costs, hence this current review focused on prevention of biofouling by several physical methods like membrane ultrafiltration by surface modifying macromolecules and reverse osmosis. Ultrasonification is also used widely as a physical treatment to prevent biofouling bacteria’s adhesion to the marine surfaces. Membrane ultra-filtration by silver nanoparticles (nAg) which are greatly known for antibacterial activity with polysulfone ultrafiltration membrane (nAg-psf) exhibits a wide antimicrobial resistance against several bacterias like Escherichia coli thereby reduced the potential of fouling. Tri-n-butyltin (TBT) is reasonably effective in controlling microbial fouling but it would affect marine life at both lower and higher concentrations. To replace this chemically modified antifouling agent, there is a wide need for the development of “eco-friendly” antifouling agent, so the most potential marine microbes like marine algae were identified, characterized by antimicrobial assay and several metabolites were purified by Thin layer chromatography and column chromatography and it’s been used as an effective antifoulants. The chemical structures of the metabolites were further assayed by spectral methods. Thus, our present review also presented the benefits associated with the use of different marine organisms, including marine bacteria, algae, sponge, coral, bryozoa, ascidian, etc. as source means that they are the organisms of choice for obtaining natural products for antifouling coatings.
Keywords: Biofouling, antifouling agents, biofilm, prevention, reverse osmosis, membrane ultra-filtration, nAg, tri-n-butyltin (TBT), Chromatography, marine organisms.
Title: Biofouling- Bioadhesion of micro-organisms and its prevention: A Review
Author: Ashwitha A, Thamizharasan K, Roshini.S, Snega Priya P, Bhuvaneswari.S, Sankari D
International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews
ISSN 2348-697X (Online)
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