Abstract: Studies were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of aqueous and organic extracts of the Hargel shoots against the adult stage of the cowpea beetle Callosobruchus maculatus in Sudan. Hargel shoots were extracted sequentially by organic solvents of increasing polarity (Petroleum ether, Ethyl acetate, and Ethanol) as well as directly by with distilled water or ethanol. Extracts were tested at concentrations ranging between 1% and 10%. The evaluated efficacy parameters included; mortality, repellency, antifeedant and effects on weight loss in stored cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). The tests were conducted in Petri dishes (9 cm i.d) and plastic cups (capacity 200 ml) and the obtained data were subject to the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and further by probit analysis. The results of the mortality data indicated that the direct extraction with ethanol was the most potent against the test insect as shown by its low LD50 of 0.39%. Various types of Hargel shoot extracts induced significant dose-dependent repellency against the C. maculatus. The highest 24 hours repellency was caused by the aqueous extract as indicated by its low ED50 value of 8%. The different Hargel shoot extracts also induced significant antifeedant action against the test insect. The lowest Feeding ratio (Fr) of 0.007, as well as the lowest percentage weight loss (0.7%), was recorded in ethyl acetate extract treated cowpea seeds.
Keywords: Cowpea beetle, Hargel, mortality, repellency, antifeedant.
Title: Efficacy of Hargel (Solanostemma argel (Del) hayne) shoots extract for the control of the cowpea beetle (Callosobruchus maculatus) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)
Author: Mohammed Osman Mohammed Sir El Khatim, Azhari Omer Abdelbagi, Abd Elaziz Sulieman Ahmed Ishag, Ahmed Mohammed Ali Hammad
International Journal of Life Sciences Research
ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)
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