Abstract: South Sudan was a closed district during the Turko-Egyptian rule in Sudan from 1821-1889 and British-Egyptian condominium rule from1989-1956. South Sudan was partly colonized by Belgium, the Lado Enclave what is now known as Equatoria was a separate region of Sudan. Whereas, the Bahr El Ghazal and Upper Nile were colonized by the French, until 1878-1910, the British kept the South Sudan as a close district from the rest of Sudan, administered by the Governor-general. It was in 1954 and after the Juba conference of 1947 before independent that, South Sudan was annexed to North Sudan. The British had wanted to annex South Sudan to East Africa, especially to Uganda. But there was no positive response from the East African countries, besides, the Arabs influence the British and the South Sudanese during the Juba conference of 1947 and 1954 to annex South Sudan to Sudan. South Sudan succeeded from northern Sudan in 2011 during the referendum for the self-determination of the South- Sudan. The reason for the separation of South Sudan from the north was due to ethnic, religious, racial, linguistic and cultural bifurcation among the two nations. The author will explore various theories on ethnicities, and whether ethnicity is the cause of conflict, especially in Africa. The author will also elucidate in detail how ethnic and party politics in Africa is based on ethnic line, which breeds conflict, polarization, and split of some countries into two States.
Keywords: Ethnic Chauvinism, Polarization, religious, South Sudan.
Title: Ethnic Chauvinism and Polarization in Africa: Sudan and South Sudan
Author: Louis M Nyarsuk, Dr. S. Thanigaivelan
International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research
ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)
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