Abstract: Uprisings swept across the Arab world to outcast their long serving leaders vying for change in political structure in late 2010 and early 2011 came to be known as Arab Spring. These effects also reached Syria, where the people lined up to overthrow their leader President Bashar Al Assad, whose family has been in power since 1970. Peaceful protests turned violent by crackdown of the protest through extreme means, ultimately lead to deadly civil war in the country. Arms resistance against the government became the only solution as situation turned ugly. Failure of state institutions became a breeding ground for terrorist groups particularly the rise of Islamic State. Foreign mercenaries began traveling to Syria to establish a Caliphate. Although, most of ISIS has been wiped out, still the war is going on and reached in its ninth year. It has caused 400000 plus deaths and around 10 million displaced internally and externally. Russian intervention lead to the defeat of rebel groups and the war is entering its final stage. Many foreign powers with their interests are involved in the conflict including US, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Iran, Turkey and many others countries. Kurds the ethnic minority in the country has formed its own autonomous region.
Keywords: Arab Spring, ISIS, New cold war, Russia versus USA, South West Asia.
Title: Geopolitics of Syrian Civil War and Changing Map of Middle East
Author: Khulem Vikash, Ripudaman Singh
International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research
ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)
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