Abstract: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the oldest diseases known to affect humans and a major cause of death worldwide. TB is caused by bacteria of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and characterised by coughing of blood, wasting, spinal deformity, bone defects and deaths. Treatment of TB requires administration of various types of drugs for six months. However, most Mtb strains have developed resistance against many types of these drugs. Drugs resistance is focused on many mechanisms such as modification of drug metabolism pathways, bacterial cell wall, inactivation of drug by enzyme, activation of efflux pumps, and modified drug target among others. The cell wall of Mtb confers robust protection against any drugs or immune mediators and allows bacterial survival in very harsh condition. The plasma membrane separates the cytosol from the waxy coat which is made up of a granular layer composed of proteins leading to the periplasmic layer where peptidoglycan (PG) is connected to the Mycolic acid chains by arabinogalactan (AG). PG and AG together forms the insoluble cell wall skeleton. GL is Glycolipid, TMM is trehalose monomycolate, PL is Phospholipid and TDM is trehalose 6,6-dimycolate. MmpL, most successful drug target, are involved in the transport of various substrate especially lipids across cell membrane and represent one of the most important virulence factors of Mtb. The objective of this summary review is to describe the role of cell wall in Mtb resistance.
Keywords: Tuberculosis; Mycobacterium; Mycolic acid; MmpL; resistance.
Title: The Role of Cell Wall in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Resistance: Summary Review
Author: Amnah Alzaidi
International Journal of Life Sciences Research
ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)
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